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22 U.S.C. § 5401 — Relation of provisions of this chapter to certain provisions of appropriations acts
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Any provision of the annual Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act that provides that assistance for Poland or Hungary under that Act may be provided “notwithstanding any other provision of law” shall not supersede any otherwise applicable provision of this chapter. This section shall not, however, be construed to apply with respect to section 599C(b) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 (or a corresponding provision of a subsequent such appropriations Act.
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-5401-relation-of-provisions-of-this-chapter-to-certain-provisions-of-appropri--9db3f367e0.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 63, § 5401; chapter-063-support-for-east-european-democracy-seed.md
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Any provision of the annual Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act that provides that assistance for Poland or Hungary under that Act may be provided “notwithstanding any other provision of law” shall not supersede any otherwise applicable provision of this chapter. This section shall not, however, be construed to apply with respect to section 599C(b) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 (or a corresponding provision of a subsequent such appropriations Act.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment of programs**
(1) **In general** — The President is authorized to establish programs that combat corruption, improve transparency and accountability, and promote other forms of good governance in countries described in paragraph (2).
(2) **Countries described** — A country described in this paragraph is a country that is eligible to receive assistance under subchapter I of this chapter (including part IV of subchapter II of this chapter) or the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 [[22 U.S.C. 5401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.].
(3) **Priority** — In carrying out paragraph (1), the President shall give priority to establishing programs in countries that received a significant amount of United States foreign assistance for the prior fiscal year, or in which the United States has a significant economic interest, and that continue to have the most persistent problems with public and private corruption. In determining which countries have the most persistent problems with public and private corruption under the preceding sentence, the President shall take into account criteria such as the Transparency International Annual Corruption Perceptions Index, standards and codes set forth by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund, and other relevant criteria.
(4) **Relation to other laws**
(A) *In general* — Assistance provided for countries under programs established pursuant to paragraph (1) may be made available notwithstanding any other provision of law that restricts assistance to foreign countries. Assistance provided under a program established pursuant to paragraph (1) for a country that would o
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2152c
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorization** The President is authorized to provide assistance to foreign countries directly, or through nongovernmental and multilateral organizations, for programs, projects, and activities designed to meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking (as defined in [section 7102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7102&num=0&edition=prelim)), including—
(1) the drafting of laws to prohibit and punish acts of trafficking;
(2) the investigation and prosecution of traffickers, including investigation of individuals and entities that may be involved in trafficking in persons involving sexual exploitation;
(3) the creation and maintenance of facilities, programs, projects, and activities for the protection of victims; and
(4) the expansion of exchange programs and international visitor programs for governmental and nongovernmental personnel to combat trafficking.
**(b) Funding** Amounts made available to carry out the other provisions of subchapter I of this chapter (including part IV of subchapter II of this chapter) and the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 [[22 U.S.C. 5401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] shall be made available to carry out this section. Assistance may be provided under this section notwithstanding [section 2420 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2420&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2152d
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Assistance through governments and nongovernmental organizations** Assistance under this part may be provided to governments or through nongovernmental organizations.
**(b) Technical and managerial assistance** Technical assistance under this part shall, to the maximum extent feasible, be provided on a long term, on-site basis and shall emphasize the provision of practical, management and other problem-solving advice, particularly advice on private enterprise provided by United States business volunteers.
**(c) Enterprise funds** Activities supported pursuant to this part may include the establishment of and the provision of support for one or more enterprise funds for the independent states of the former Soviet Union. If the President determines that an enterprise fund should be established and supported under this part, the provisions contained in section 201 of the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 [[22 U.S.C. 5421](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5421&num=0&edition=prelim)] (excluding the authorizations of appropriations provided in subsection (b) of that section) shall be deemed to apply with respect to such enterprise fund and to funds made available to such enterprise fund pursuant to this part.
**(d) Cooperative development and research projects** Assistance under this part may include support for cooperative development projects, including cooperative development research projects, among the United States, other countries, and independent states of the former Soviet Union.
**(e) Administration of justice programs** In order to strengthen the administration of justice in the independent states of the former Soviet Union under paragraph (2)(J) of [section 2295 of this title](https://uscode
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2295b
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Purpose** The Trade and Development Agency shall be an agency of the United States under the foreign policy guidance of the Secretary of State. The purpose of the Trade and Development Agency is to promote United States private sector participation in development projects in developing and middle-income countries, with special emphasis on economic sectors with significant United States export potential, such as energy, transportation, telecommunications, and environment.
**(b) Authority to provide assistance**
(1) **Authority** — The Director of the Trade and Development Agency is authorized to work with foreign countries, including those in which the United States development programs have been concluded or those not receiving assistance under subchapter I of this chapter, to carry out the purpose of this section by providing funds for feasibility studies, architectural and engineering design, and other activities related to development projects which provide opportunities for the use of United States exports.
(2) **Use of funds** — Funds under this section may be used to provide support for feasibility studies for the planning, development, and management of, and procurement for, bilateral and multilateral development projects, including training activities undertaken in connection with a project, for the purpose of promoting the use of United States goods and services in such projects. Funds under this section may also be used for architectural and engineering design, including—
(A) concept design, which establishes the basic technical and operational criteria for a project, such as architectural drawings for a proposed facility, evaluation of site constraints, procurement requirements, and equipment specifications; and
(B) detail design, which sets fo
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2421
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Funding level** The Congress strongly urges the President to use at least $650,000,000 for fiscal year 1993 and at least $700,000,000 for fiscal year 1994 of the total amounts made available for assistance under chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [[22 U.S.C. 2346](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2346&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] (relating to the economic support fund), assistance under the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 [[22 U.S.C. 5401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], assistance under the Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992, and assistance under the Multilateral Assistance Initiative for the Philippines, for grants for developmentally sound capital projects. Such grants may be combined with financing offered by private financial entities or other entities.
**(b) Development assistance capital projects** Funds appropriated to carry out chapter 1 or chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [[22 U.S.C. 2151](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2151&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq., 2293 et seq.] (relating to development assistance and the Development Fund for Africa) may not be used for capital projects that do not meet the criteria contained in [section 2421b of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2421b&num=0&edition=prelim). This subsection does not apply with respect to capital projects for which funds have been obligated or expended before October 28, 1992.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2421d
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment; responsibilities** In order to carry out the purposes of this chapter, there is established in the United States Information Agency, or in such appropriate agency of the United States as the President shall determine, a Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Bureau”). The Bureau shall be responsible for managing, coordinating, and overseeing programs established pursuant to this chapter, including but not limited to—
(1) the J. William Fulbright Educational Exchange Program which, by promoting the exchange of scholars, researchers, students, trainees, teachers, instructors, and professors, between the United States and foreign countries, accomplishes the purposes of [section 2452(a)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2452/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) the Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program which finances (A) study at American universities and institutions of higher learning, including study in degree granting programs, and (B) participation in fellowships, internships, or other programs in American governmental and nongovernmental institutions for public managers and other individuals from developing countries;
(3) the International Visitors Program which provides grants for short-term visits to the United States for foreign nationals who are, or have the potential to be, leaders in their respective fields in their own countries;
(4) the American Cultural Centers and Libraries which make available at selected foreign locations, books, films, sound recordings, and other materials about the United States, its people and culture, and about other topics;
(5) the American Overseas Schools Program which provides financial assistance to
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2460
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) SEED Program** The United States shall implement, beginning in fiscal year 1990, a concerted Program of Support for East European Democracy (which may also be referred to as the “SEED Program”). The SEED Program shall be comprised of diverse undertakings designed to provide cost-effective assistance to those countries of Eastern Europe that have taken substantive steps toward institutionalizing political democracy and economic pluralism.
**(b) Objectives of SEED assistance** The President should ensure that the assistance provided to East European countries pursuant to this chapter is designed—
(1) to contribute to the development of democratic institutions and political pluralism characterized by—
(A) the establishment of fully democratic and representative political systems based on free and fair elections,
(B) effective recognition of fundamental liberties and individual freedoms, including freedom of speech, religion, and association,
(C) termination of all laws and regulations which impede the operation of a free press and the formation of political parties,
(D) creation of an independent judiciary, and
(E) establishment of non-partisan military, security, and police forces;
(2) to promote the development of a free market economic system characterized by—
(A) privatization of economic entities,
(B) establishment of full rights to acquire and hold private property, including land and the benefits of contractual relations,
(C) simplification of regulatory controls regarding the establishment and operation of businesses,
(D) dismantlement of all wage and price controls,
(E) removal of trade restrictions, including on both imports and exports,
(F) liberalization of investment and capital, including the repatriation of profits b
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 5411
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General authorization** The President is authorized to conduct activities for any East European country that are similar to any activity authorized by this chapter to be conducted in Poland or Hungary (excluding those authorized by [section 5412 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5412&num=0&edition=prelim) or the amendments made by sections 301 and 304) if such similar activities would effectively promote a transition to market-oriented democracy.
**(b) Administration of justice programs** In order to strengthen the administration of justice in East European countries, the President may exercise the same authorities with respect to those countries as are available under [section 2346c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2346c&num=0&edition=prelim), subject to the limitations and requirements of that section, other than subsection (c) and the last two sentences of subsection (e).
**(c) “East European country” defined** For purposes of this chapter, the term “East European country” includes Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and states that were part of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 5412
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Reduction of debt burden** The President shall take all appropriate actions to explore and encourage innovative approaches to the reduction of the government-to-government and commercial debt burden of East European countries which have taken substantive steps toward political democracy and economic pluralism.
**(b) Authority for discounted sales of debt** Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President may undertake the discounted sale, to private purchasers, of United States Government debt obligations of an East European country which has taken substantive steps toward political democracy and economic pluralism, subject to subsection (c).
**(c) Condition** An obligation may be sold under subsection (b) only if the sale will facilitate so-called debt-for-equity or debt-for-development swaps wherein such newly privatized debt is exchanged by the new holder of the obligation for—
(1) local currencies, policy commitments, or other assets needed for development or other economic activities, or
(2) for an equity interest in an enterprise theretofore owned by the particular East European government.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 5422
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Purposes** The purposes of this section are to promote—
(1) development of the Polish and Hungarian private sectors, including small businesses, the agricultural sector, and joint ventures with United States and host country participants, and
(2) policies and practices conducive to private sector development in Poland and Hungary,
through loans, grants, equity investments, feasibility studies, technical assistance, training, insurance, guarantees, and other measures.
**(b) Authorization of appropriations** To carry out the purposes specified in subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated to the President—
(1) $240,000,000 to support the Polish-American Enterprise Fund; and
(2) $60,000,000 to support the Hungarian-American Enterprise Fund.
Such amounts are authorized to be made available until expended.
**(c) Nonapplicability of other laws** The funds appropriated under subsection (b) may be made available to the Polish-American Enterprise Fund and the Hungarian-American Enterprise Fund and used for the purposes of this section notwithstanding any other provision of law.
**(d) Designation of Enterprise Funds**
(1) **Designation** — The President is authorized to designate two private, nonprofit organizations as eligible to receive funds and support pursuant to this section upon determining that such organizations have been established for the purposes specified in subsection (a). For purposes of this chapter, the organizations so designated shall be referred to as the Polish-American Enterprise Fund and the Hungarian-American Enterprise Fund (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Enterprise Funds”).
(2) **Consultation with Congress** — The President shall consult with the leadership of each House of Congress before designating an orga
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 5423
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