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22 U.S.C. § 2152c — Programs to encourage good governance
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment of programs**
(1) **In general** — The President is authorized to establish programs that combat corruption, improve transparency and accountability, and promote other forms of good governance in countries described in paragraph (2).
(2) **Countries described** — A country described in this paragraph is a country that is eligible to receive assistance under subchapter I of this chapter (including part IV of subchapter II of this chapter) or the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 [[22 U.S.C. 5401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.].
(3) **Priority** — In carrying out paragraph (1), the President shall give priority to establishing programs in countries that received a significant amount of United States foreign assistance for the prior fiscal year, or in which the United States has a significant economic interest, and that continue to have the most persistent problems with public and private corruption. In determining which countries have the most persistent problems with public and private corruption under the preceding sentence, the President shall take into account criteria such as the Transparency International Annual Corruption Perceptions Index, standards and codes set forth by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund, and other relevant criteria.
(4) **Relation to other laws**
(A) *In general* — Assistance provided for countries under programs established pursuant to paragraph (1) may be made available notwithstanding any other provision of law that restricts assistance to foreign countries. Assistance provided under a program established pursuant to paragraph (1) for a country that would o
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-2152c-programs-to-encourage-good-governance--efc1fd4a99.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 32, § 2152c; chapter-032-foreign-assistance.md
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**(a) Establishment of programs**
(1) **In general** — The President is authorized to establish programs that combat corruption, improve transparency and accountability, and promote other forms of good governance in countries described in paragraph (2).
(2) **Countries described** — A country described in this paragraph is a country that is eligible to receive assistance under subchapter I of this chapter (including part IV of subchapter II of this chapter) or the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 [[22 U.S.C. 5401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.].
(3) **Priority** — In carrying out paragraph (1), the President shall give priority to establishing programs in countries that received a significant amount of United States foreign assistance for the prior fiscal year, or in which the United States has a significant economic interest, and that continue to have the most persistent problems with public and private corruption. In determining which countries have the most persistent problems with public and private corruption under the preceding sentence, the President shall take into account criteria such as the Transparency International Annual Corruption Perceptions Index, standards and codes set forth by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund, and other relevant criteria.
(4) **Relation to other laws**
(A) *In general* — Assistance provided for countries under programs established pursuant to paragraph (1) may be made available notwithstanding any other provision of law that restricts assistance to foreign countries. Assistance provided under a program established pursuant to paragraph (1) for a country that would otherwise be restricted from receiving such assistance but for the preceding sentence may not be provided directly to the government of the country.
(B) *Exception* — Subparagraph (A) does not apply with respect to—
(i) [section 2371 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2371&num=0&edition=prelim) or any comparable provision of law prohibiting assistance to countries that support international terrorism; or
(ii) section 907 of the Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992.
**(b) Specific projects and activities** The programs established pursuant to subsection (a) shall include, to the extent appropriate, projects and activities that—
(1) support responsible independent media to promote oversight of public and private institutions;
(2) implement financial disclosure among public officials, political parties, and candidates for public office, open budgeting processes, and transparent financial management systems;
(3) support the establishment of audit offices, inspectors general offices, third party monitoring of government procurement processes, and anti-corruption agencies;
(4) promote responsive, transparent, and accountable legislatures and local governments that ensure legislative and local oversight and whistle-blower protection;
(5) promote legal and judicial reforms that criminalize corruption and law enforcement reforms and development that encourage prosecutions of criminal corruption;
(6) assist in the development of a legal framework for commercial transactions that fosters business practices that promote transparent, ethical, and competitive behavior in the economic sector, such as commercial codes that incorporate international standards and protection of intellectual property rights;
(7) promote free and fair national, state, and local elections;
(8) foster public participation in the legislative process and public access to government information; and
(9) engage civil society in the fight against corruption.
**(c) Conduct of projects and activities** Projects and activities under the programs established pursuant to subsection (a) may include, among other things, training and technical assistance (including drafting of anti-corruption, privatization, and competitive statutory and administrative codes), drafting of anti-corruption, privatization, and competitive statutory and administrative codes, support for independent media and publications, financing of the program and operating costs of nongovernmental organizations that carry out such projects or activities, and assistance for travel of individuals to the United States and other countries for such projects and activities.
**(d) Repealed. Pub. L. 112–74, div. I, title VII, § 7034(n), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1217**
**(e) Funding** Amounts made available to carry out the other provisions of subchapter I of this chapter (including part IV of subchapter II of this chapter) and the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 [[22 U.S.C. 5401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] shall be made available to carry out this section.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds that—
(1) recent developments in Russia and the other independent states of the former Soviet Union present an historic opportunity for a transition to a peaceful and stable international order and the integration of the independent states of the former Soviet Union into the community of democratic nations;
(2) the entire international community has a vital interest in the success of this transition, and the dimension of the problems now faced in the independent states of the former Soviet Union makes it imperative for donor countries and institutions to provide the expertise and support necessary to ensure continued progress on economic and political reforms;
(3) the United States is especially well-positioned because of its heritage and traditions to make a substantial contribution to this transition by building on current technical cooperation, medical, and food assistance programs, by assisting in the development of democratic institutions, and by fostering conditions that will encourage the United States business community to engage in trade and investment;
(4) failure to meet the opportunities presented by these developments could threaten United States national security interests and jeopardize substantial savings in United States defense that these developments have made possible;
(5) the independent states of the former Soviet Union face unprecedented environmental problems that jeopardize the quality of life and the very existence of not only their own peoples but also the peoples of other countries, and it is incumbent on the international community to assist the independent states in addressing these problems and in promoting sustainable use of resources and development;
(6) the success of United States assistance for the independent
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Delegation by President; rules and regulations; utilization of goods and services from private enterprise, and facilities and resources of Federal agencies when not competitive with private enterprise** The President may exercise any functions conferred upon him by this chapter through such agency or officer of the United States Government as he shall direct. The head of any such agency or such officer may from time to time promulgate such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out such functions, and may delegate authority to perform any such functions, including, if he shall so specify, the authority successively to redelegate any of such functions to any of his subordinates. In providing technical assistance under this chapter, the head of any such agency or such officer shall utilize, to the fullest extent practicable, goods and professional and other services from private enterprise on a contract basis. In such fields as education, health, housing, or agriculture, the facilities and resources of other Federal agencies shall be utilized when such facilities are particularly or uniquely suitable for technical assistance, are not competitive with private enterprise, and can be made available without interfering unduly with domestic programs.
**(b) Eligibility of suppliers; debarment period; causes for debarment; conditions for reinstatement; periodic review** The President shall issue and enforce regulations determining the eligibility of any person to receive funds made available under this chapter. A person may be suspended under such regulations for a temporary period pending the completion of an investigation and any resulting judicial or debarment proceedings, upon cause for belief that such person or an affiliate thereof probably has undertake
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2381
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Prohibition** The United States shall not provide any assistance under this chapter, the Food for Peace Act [[7 U.S.C. 1691](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1691&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], the Peace Corps Act [[22 U.S.C. 2501](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2501&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], or the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 [[12 U.S.C. 635](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section635&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] to any country if the Secretary of State determines that the government of that country has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism.
**(b) Publication of determinations** Each determination of the Secretary of State under subsection (a), including each determination in effect on December 12, 1989, shall be published in the Federal Register.
**(c) Rescission** A determination made by the Secretary of State under subsection (a) may not be rescinded unless the President submits to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate—
(1) before the proposed rescission would take effect, a report certifying that—
(A) there has been a fundamental change in the leadership and policies of the government of the country concerned;
(B) that government is not supporting acts of international terrorism; and
(C) that government has provided assurances that it will not support acts of international terrorism in the future; or
(2) at least 45 days before the proposed rescission would take effect, a report justifying the rescission and certifying that—
(A) the government concerned has not provided any support for international terrorism d
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(a) United States development cooperation policy
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Policy requirements for assistance** The Congress recognizes that, under special economic, political, or security conditions, the national interests of the United States may require economic support for countries or in amounts which could not be justified solely under part I of subchapter I of this chapter or, in the case of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, part X of subchapter I of this chapter. In such cases, the President is authorized to furnish assistance to countries and organizations, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, in order to promote economic or political stability. To the maximum extent feasible, the President shall provide assistance under this part consistent with the policy directions, purposes, and programs of subchapter I of this chapter.
**(b) Responsibility for policy decisions and justifications** The Secretary of State shall be responsible for policy decisions and justifications for economic support programs under this part, including determinations of whether there will be an economic support program for a country and the amount of the program for each country. The Secretary shall exercise this responsibility in cooperation with the Administrator of the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter.
**(c) Detailed justification for uses and purposes of funds** As part of the annual presentation materials for foreign assistance submitted to the Congress, the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter II of this chapter shall provide a detailed justification for the uses and the purposes of the funds provided under this part. Such material shall include, but not be limited to, information concerning the amounts and kinds of cash grant transfers, the amounts and kinds of budgetary an
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Any provision of the annual Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act that provides that assistance for Poland or Hungary under that Act may be provided “notwithstanding any other provision of law” shall not supersede any otherwise applicable provision of this chapter. This section shall not, however, be construed to apply with respect to section 599C(b) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 (or a corresponding provision of a subsequent such appropriations Act.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 644
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2152b
ed Pub. L. 108–31, § 3, June 17, 2003, 117 Stat. 776, related
to microenterprise development grant assistance.
§ 2152b. Transferred
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
Section, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 132, as added Pub. L.
106–309, title I, § 107(a), Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1086, which
related to United States Microfinance Loan Facility,
was renumbered section 257 of Pub. L. 87–195 by Pub. L.
108–484, § 5(a), (b), Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3927, and trans-
ferred to section 2213 of this title.
§ 2152c. Programs to encourage good governance
(a) Establishment of programs
(1) In general
The President is authorized to establish pro-
grams that combat corruption, improve trans-
parency and accountability, and promote
other forms of good governance in countries
described in paragraph (2).
(2) Countries described
A country described in this paragraph is a
country that is eligible to receive assistance
under subchapter I of this chapter (including
part IV of subchapter II of this chapter) or the
Support for East European Democracy (SEED)
Act of 1989 [22 U.S.C. 5401 et seq.].
(3) Priority
In carrying out paragraph (1), the President
shall give priority to establishing programs in
countries that received a significant amount
of United States foreign assistance for the
prior fiscal year, or in which the United States
has a significant economic interest, and that
continue to have the most persistent problems
with public and private corruption. In deter-
mining which countries have the most per-
sistent problems with public and private cor-
ruption under the preceding sentence, the
President shall take into account criteria such
as the Transparency International Annual
Corruption Perceptions Inde
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2152c
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1651
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 5401
(d) Construction of section
Nothing in this section may be construed as
prior approval of any legislation which may be
necessary to implement any recommendations
resulting from discussions under this section.
(Pub. L. 100–418, title III, § 3603, Aug. 23, 1988, 102
Stat. 1387.)
Executive Documents
DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS
Functions of President under this section delegated
to Secretary of the Treasury by section 1 of Ex. Ord.
No. 12781, Nov. 20, 1991, 56 F.R. 59203, set out as a note
under section 301 of Title 3, The President.
§ 5354. Banks loan loss reserves
The Federal Reserve Board shall submit to the
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af-
fairs of the Senate and the Committee on Bank-
ing, Finance and Urban Affairs of the House of
Representatives a report on the issues raised by
including loan loss reserves as part of banks’
primary capital for regulatory purposes by
March 31, 1989. Such report shall include a re-
view of the treatment of loan loss reserves and
the composition of primary capital of banks in
other major industrialized countries, and shall
include an analysis as to whether loan loss re-
serves should continue to be counted as primary
capital for regulatory purposes.
(Pub. L. 100–418, title III, § 3604, Aug. 23, 1988, 102
Stat. 1388.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
CHANGE OF NAME
Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of
House of Representatives treated as referring to Com-
mittee on Banking and Financial Services of House of
Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set
out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Con-
gress. Committee on Banking and Financial Services of
House of Representatives abolished and replaced by
C
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 5401
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