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7 U.S.C. § 5602 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter—
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” means any agricultural commodity, food, feed, fiber, or livestock (including livestock as it is defined in [section 1471(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1471/2&num=0&edition=prelim) and insects), and any product thereof.
(2) **Developing country** — The term “developing country” means a country that—
(A) has a shortage of foreign exchange earnings and has difficulty accessing sufficient commercial credit to meet all of its food needs, as determined by the Secretary; and
(B) has the potential to become a commercial market for agricultural commodities.
(3) **Secretary** — The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture.
(4) **Service** — The term “Service” means the Foreign Agricultural Service of the Department of Agriculture.
(5) **Unfair trade practice**
(A) *In general* — Subject to subparagraph (B), the term “unfair trade practice” means any act, policy, or practice of a foreign country that—
(i) violates, or is inconsistent with, the provisions of, or otherwise denies benefits to the United States under, any trade agreement to which the United States is a party;
(ii) in the case of a monopolistic state trading enterprise engaged in the export sale of an agricultural commodity, implements a pricing practice that is inconsistent with sound commercial practice;
(iii) provides a subsidy that—
(I) decreases market opportunities for United States exports; or
(II) unfairly distorts an agricultural market to the detriment of United States exporters;
(iv) imposes an unfair technical barrier to trade, including—
(I) a trade restriction or commercial requirement (s
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-7/section-5602-definitions--1c74c928cc.md
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Source location: Title 7, Chapter 87, § 5602; chapter-087-export-promotion.md
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As used in this chapter—
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” means any agricultural commodity, food, feed, fiber, or livestock (including livestock as it is defined in [section 1471(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1471/2&num=0&edition=prelim) and insects), and any product thereof.
(2) **Developing country** — The term “developing country” means a country that—
(A) has a shortage of foreign exchange earnings and has difficulty accessing sufficient commercial credit to meet all of its food needs, as determined by the Secretary; and
(B) has the potential to become a commercial market for agricultural commodities.
(3) **Secretary** — The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture.
(4) **Service** — The term “Service” means the Foreign Agricultural Service of the Department of Agriculture.
(5) **Unfair trade practice**
(A) *In general* — Subject to subparagraph (B), the term “unfair trade practice” means any act, policy, or practice of a foreign country that—
(i) violates, or is inconsistent with, the provisions of, or otherwise denies benefits to the United States under, any trade agreement to which the United States is a party;
(ii) in the case of a monopolistic state trading enterprise engaged in the export sale of an agricultural commodity, implements a pricing practice that is inconsistent with sound commercial practice;
(iii) provides a subsidy that—
(I) decreases market opportunities for United States exports; or
(II) unfairly distorts an agricultural market to the detriment of United States exporters;
(iv) imposes an unfair technical barrier to trade, including—
(I) a trade restriction or commercial requirement (such as a labeling requirement) that adversely affects a new technology (including biotechnology); and
(II) an unjustified sanitary or phytosanitary restriction (including any restriction that, in violation of the Uruguay Round Agreements, is not based on scientific principles; 11 So in original. There probably should be a closing parenthesis.
(v) imposes a rule that unfairly restricts imports of United States agricultural commodities in the administration of tariff rate quotas; or
(vi) fails to adhere to, or circumvents any obligation under, any provision of a trade agreement with the United States.
(B) *Consistency with 1974 Trade Act* — Nothing in this chapter may be construed to authorize the Secretary to make any determination regarding an unfair trade practice that is inconsistent with [section 2411 of title 19](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2411&num=0&edition=prelim).
(6) **United States** — The term “United States” includes each of the States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the territories and possessions of the United States.
(7) **United States agricultural commodity** — The term “United States agricultural commodity” means—
(A) an agricultural commodity or product entirely produced in the United States; or
(B) a product of an agricultural commodity—
(i) 90 percent or more of the agricultural components of which by weight, excluding packaging and added water, is entirely produced in the United States; and
(ii) that the Secretary determines to be a high value agricultural product.
For purposes of this paragraph, fish entirely produced in the United States include fish harvested by a documented fishing vessel as defined in title 46 in waters that are not waters (including the territorial sea) of a foreign country.
(8) **Independent states of the former Soviet Union** — The term “independent states of the former Soviet Union” means the following: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general**
(1) **Repayment** — If the Secretary, or a court of competent jurisdiction, determines that any person has received any payment under this part to which the person was not entitled, such person shall be liable to repay such amount to the Secretary, except that the Secretary may waive such repayment if the Secretary determines, in accordance with guidelines prescribed by the Secretary, that—
(A) the payment was made without fault on the part of such person; and
(B) requiring such repayment would be contrary to equity and good conscience.
(2) **Recovery of overpayment** — Unless an overpayment is otherwise recovered, or waived under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall recover the overpayment by deductions from any sums payable to such person under this part.
**(b) False statement** A person shall, in addition to any other penalty provided by law, be ineligible for any further payments under this part—
(1) if the Secretary, or a court of competent jurisdiction, determines that the person—
(A) knowingly has made, or caused another to make, a false statement or representation of a material fact; or
(B) knowingly has failed, or caused another to fail, to disclose a material fact; and
(2) as a result of such false statement or representation, or of such nondisclosure, such person has received any payment under this part to which the person was not entitled.
**(c) Notice and determination** Except for overpayments determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, no repayment may be required, and no deduction may be made, under this section until a determination under subsection (a)(1) by the Secretary has been made, notice of the determination and an opportunity for a fair hearing thereon has been given to the person concerned, and the determ
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** There is established within the Administration a program (to be known as the HUBZone program) to be carried out by the Administrator to provide for Federal contracting assistance, including promoting economic development in economically distressed areas (as defined in section 636(m)(11)),11 See References in Text note below. to qualified HUBZone small business concerns in accordance with this section.
**(b) Definitions relating to HUBZones** In this section:
(1) **Historically underutilized business zone** — The terms “historically underutilized business zone” or “HUBZone” mean any area located within 1 or more—
(A) qualified census tracts;
(B) qualified nonmetropolitan counties;
(C) lands within the external boundaries of an Indian reservation;
(D) redesignated areas;
(E) base closure areas;
(F) qualified disaster areas; or
(G) a Governor-designated covered area.
(2) **HUBZone small business concern** — The term “HUBZone small business concern” means—
(A) a small business concern that is at least 51 percent owned and controlled by United States citizens;
(B) a small business concern that is—
(i) an Alaska Native Corporation owned and controlled by Natives (as determined pursuant to [section 1626(e)(1) of title 43](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1626/e/1&num=0&edition=prelim)); or
(ii) a direct or indirect subsidiary corporation, joint venture, or partnership of an Alaska Native Corporation qualifying pursuant to [section 1626(e)(1) of title 43](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1626/e/1&num=0&edition=prelim), if that subsidiary, joint venture, or partnership is owned and controlled by Natives (as determined pursuant to [secti
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Not later than 90 days after December 18, 2025, the President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to each foreign person that the President determines, on or after December 18, 2025, engages in an activity described in subsection (b).
**(b) Activities described** A foreign person engages in an activity described in this subsection if the foreign person has—
(1) undertaken actions or policies that threaten the peace, security, stability, or territorial integrity of any area or state in the Western Balkans;
(2) engaged or attempted to engage in actions or policies that undermine democratic processes or institutions in the Western Balkans;
(3) engaged or attempted to engage in corruption related to the Western Balkans, including corruption by or on behalf of, a government in the Western Balkans, or a current or former government official in the Western Balkans;
(4) engaged or attempting to engage in serious human rights abuses in the Western Balkans; or
(5) engaged or attempted to engage in, acts that obstruct or threaten the implementation of any regional security, peace, cooperation, or mutual recognition agreement or framework or accountability mechanism related to the Western Balkans, including the Prespa Agreement of 2018; the Ohrid Framework Agreement of 2001; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244; the Dayton Accords; or the Conclusions of the Peace Implementation Conference Council held in London in December 1995, including the decisions or conclusions of the High Representative, the Peace Implementation Council, or its Steering Board; or the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, or, with respect to the former Yugoslavia, the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunal
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given the term in section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 ([7 U.S.C. 5602](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section5602&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(2) **Agricultural program** — The term “agricultural program” means—
(A) any program administered under the Food for Peace Act ([7 U.S.C. 1691](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1691&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(B) any program administered under [section 1431 of title 7](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1431&num=0&edition=prelim);
(C) any program administered under the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 ([7 U.S.C. 5601](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section5601&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(D) any commercial export sale of agricultural commodities; or
(E) any export financing (including credits or credit guarantees) provided by the United States Government for agricultural commodities.
(3) **Joint resolution** — The term “joint resolution” means—
(A) in the case of [section 7202(a)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7202/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim), only a joint resolution introduced within 10 session days of Congress after the date on which the report of the President under [section 7202(a)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7202/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim) is received by Congress, the matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows: “That Congress approves the report of the President pursuant to section 903(a)(1) of the
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this subchapter:
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given that term in [section 5602 of title 7](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section5602&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” has the meaning given that term in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–172; [50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) note), as amended by section 102 of this Act.
(3) **Executive agency** — The term “executive agency” has the meaning given that term in [section 133 of title 41](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title41-section133&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Family member** — The term “family member” means, with respect to an individual, a spouse, child, parent, sibling, grandchild, or grandparent of the individual.
(5) **Iranian diplomats and representatives of other government and military or quasi-governmental institutions of Iran** — The term “Iranian diplomat or representative of another government or military or quasi-governmental institution of Iran” means any of the Iranian diplomats and representatives of other government and military or quasi-governmental institutions of Iran (as that term is defined in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–172; [50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) note)).
(6) **Knowingly** — The term “knowingly”, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** On and after the date that is 180 days after April 24, 2024, and except as provided in subsection (e)(2), the President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to each foreign person that the President determines knowingly engaged, on or after April 24, 2024, in an activity described in subsection (b).
**(b) Activities described** A foreign person engages in an activity described in this subsection if the foreign person—
(1) owns or operates a foreign port at which, on or after April 24, 2024, such person knowingly permits to dock a vessel—
(A) that is included on the list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury for transporting Iranian crude oil or petroleum products; or
(B) of which the operator or owner of such vessel otherwise knowingly engages in a significant transaction involving such vessel to transport, offload, or deal in significant transactions in condensate, refined, or unrefined petroleum products, or other petrochemical products originating from the Islamic Republic of Iran;
(2) owns or operates a vessel through which such owner knowingly conducts a ship to ship transfer involving a significant transaction of any petroleum product originating from the Islamic Republic of Iran;
(3) owns or operates a refinery through which such owner knowingly engages in a significant transaction to process, refine, or otherwise deal in any petroleum product originating from the Islamic Republic of Iran;
(4) is a covered family member of a foreign person described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3); or
(5) is owned or controlled by a foreign person described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3), and knowingly engages in an activi
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Except as provided in subsection (b), not later than 60 days after August 10, 2012, the President shall impose 5 or more of the sanctions described in section 6(a) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, as amended by section 204, with respect to a person if the President determines that the person knowingly, on or after August 10, 2012, provides underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance for the National Iranian Oil Company, the National Iranian Tanker Company, or a successor entity to either such company.
**(b) Exceptions**
(1) **Underwriters and insurance providers exercising due diligence** — The President is authorized not to impose sanctions under subsection (a) with respect to a person that provides underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance if the President determines that the person has exercised due diligence in establishing and enforcing official policies, procedures, and controls to ensure that the person does not provide underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance for the National Iranian Oil Company, the National Iranian Tanker Company, or a successor entity to either such company.
(2) **Food; medicine; humanitarian assistance** — The President may not impose sanctions under subsection (a) for the provision of underwriting services or insurance or reinsurance for any activity relating solely to—
(A) the provision of agricultural commodities, food, medicine, or medical devices to Iran; or
(B) the provision of humanitarian assistance to the people of Iran.
(3) **Termination period** — The President is authorized not to impose sanctions under subsection (a) with respect to a person if the President receives reliable assurances that the person will terminate the provision of underwriting services or insurance or rein
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** In this chapter:
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given that term in [section 5602 of title 7](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section5602&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
(A) the committees specified in section 14(2) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–172; [50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) note); and
(B) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives.
(3) **Coal** — The term “coal” means metallurgical coal, coking coal, or fuel coke.
(4) **Correspondent account; payable-through account** — The terms “correspondent account” and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in [section 5318A of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section5318A&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Foreign financial institution** — The term “foreign financial institution” has the meaning of that term as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to [section 8513(i) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section8513/i&num=0&edition=prelim).
(6) **Good** — The term “good” has the meaning given that term in section 4618 11 See References in Text note below. of title 50 (as continued in effect pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.)).
(7) **Iranian financial institution**
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The following activities shall be exempt from sanctions under sections 9403, 9404, 9405, and 9406 of this title:
(1) Any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 ([50 U.S.C. 3091](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3091&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), or to any authorized intelligence activities of the United States.
(2) The admission of an alien to the United States if such admission is necessary to comply with United States obligations under the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, or under the Convention on Consular Relations, done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 1967, or other applicable international obligations of the United States.
(3) The conduct or facilitation of a transaction for the sale of agricultural commodities, food, medicine, or medical devices to Iran or for the provision of humanitarian assistance to the people of Iran, including engaging in a financial transaction relating to humanitarian assistance or for humanitarian purposes or transporting goods or services that are necessary to carry out operations relating to humanitarian assistance or humanitarian purposes.
**(b) Implementation** The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1702](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) and 1704) to carry out this chapter.
**(c) Rule of construction** Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Any authority granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat.
**(b)** The authorities granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat.
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