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22 U.S.C. § 8512 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this subchapter:
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given that term in [section 5602 of title 7](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section5602&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” has the meaning given that term in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–172; [50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) note), as amended by section 102 of this Act.
(3) **Executive agency** — The term “executive agency” has the meaning given that term in [section 133 of title 41](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title41-section133&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Family member** — The term “family member” means, with respect to an individual, a spouse, child, parent, sibling, grandchild, or grandparent of the individual.
(5) **Iranian diplomats and representatives of other government and military or quasi-governmental institutions of Iran** — The term “Iranian diplomat or representative of another government or military or quasi-governmental institution of Iran” means any of the Iranian diplomats and representatives of other government and military or quasi-governmental institutions of Iran (as that term is defined in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–172; [50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) note)).
(6) **Knowingly** — The term “knowingly”, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-8512-definitions--b6d8690883.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 92, § 8512; chapter-092-comprehensive-iran-sanctions-accountability-and-divestment.md
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In this subchapter:
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given that term in [section 5602 of title 7](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section5602&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” has the meaning given that term in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–172; [50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) note), as amended by section 102 of this Act.
(3) **Executive agency** — The term “executive agency” has the meaning given that term in [section 133 of title 41](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title41-section133&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Family member** — The term “family member” means, with respect to an individual, a spouse, child, parent, sibling, grandchild, or grandparent of the individual.
(5) **Iranian diplomats and representatives of other government and military or quasi-governmental institutions of Iran** — The term “Iranian diplomat or representative of another government or military or quasi-governmental institution of Iran” means any of the Iranian diplomats and representatives of other government and military or quasi-governmental institutions of Iran (as that term is defined in section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–172; [50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) note)).
(6) **Knowingly** — The term “knowingly”, with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result.
(7) **Medical device** — The term “medical device” has the meaning given the term “device” in [section 321 of title 21](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section321&num=0&edition=prelim).
(8) **Medicine** — The term “medicine” has the meaning given the term “drug” in [section 321 of title 21](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section321&num=0&edition=prelim).
(9) **State** — The term “State” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, and any other territory or possession of the United States.
(10) **United States person** — The term “United States person” means—
(A) a natural person who is a citizen or resident of the United States or a national of the United States (as defined in [section 1101(a) of title 8](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1101/a&num=0&edition=prelim); 11 So in original. Probably should be “title 8);”. and
(B) an entity that is organized under the laws of the United States or any State.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In division B, the term “executive agency” means—
(1) an executive department specified in [section 101 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section101&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) a military department specified in [section 102 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section102&num=0&edition=prelim);
(3) an independent establishment as defined in [section 104(1) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section104/1&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(4) a wholly owned Government corporation fully subject to chapter 91 of title 31.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 41 U.S.C. § 133
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Any authority granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat.
**(b)** The authorities granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network established by order of the Secretary of the Treasury (Treasury Order Numbered 105–08, in this section referred to as “FinCEN”) on April 25, 1990, shall be a bureau in the Department of the Treasury.
**(b) Director.—**
(1) **Appointment.—** — The head of FinCEN shall be the Director, who shall be appointed by the Secretary of the Treasury.
(2) **Duties and powers.—** — The duties and powers of the Director are as follows:
(A) Advise and make recommendations on matters relating to financial intelligence, financial criminal activities, and other financial activities to the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Enforcement.
(B) Maintain a government-wide data access service, with access, in accordance with applicable legal requirements, to the following:
(i) Information collected by the Department of the Treasury, including report information filed under subchapter II of chapter 53 of this title (such as reports on cash transactions, foreign financial agency transactions and relationships, foreign currency transactions, exporting and importing monetary instruments, and suspicious activities), chapter 2 of title I of Public Law 91–508, and section 21 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.
(ii) Information regarding national and international currency flows.
(iii) Other records and data maintained by other Federal, State, local, and foreign agencies, including financial and other records developed in specific cases.
(iv) Other privately and publicly available information.
(C) Analyze and disseminate the available data in accordance with applicable legal requirements and policies and guidelines established by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Enfo
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 31 U.S.C. § 310
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter—
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” means any agricultural commodity, food, feed, fiber, or livestock (including livestock as it is defined in [section 1471(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1471/2&num=0&edition=prelim) and insects), and any product thereof.
(2) **Developing country** — The term “developing country” means a country that—
(A) has a shortage of foreign exchange earnings and has difficulty accessing sufficient commercial credit to meet all of its food needs, as determined by the Secretary; and
(B) has the potential to become a commercial market for agricultural commodities.
(3) **Secretary** — The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture.
(4) **Service** — The term “Service” means the Foreign Agricultural Service of the Department of Agriculture.
(5) **Unfair trade practice**
(A) *In general* — Subject to subparagraph (B), the term “unfair trade practice” means any act, policy, or practice of a foreign country that—
(i) violates, or is inconsistent with, the provisions of, or otherwise denies benefits to the United States under, any trade agreement to which the United States is a party;
(ii) in the case of a monopolistic state trading enterprise engaged in the export sale of an agricultural commodity, implements a pricing practice that is inconsistent with sound commercial practice;
(iii) provides a subsidy that—
(I) decreases market opportunities for United States exports; or
(II) unfairly distorts an agricultural market to the detriment of United States exporters;
(iv) imposes an unfair technical barrier to trade, including—
(I) a trade restriction or commercial requirement (s
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 5602
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this chapter—
**(a)**
(1) The term “State”, except as used in the last sentence of [section 372(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section372/a&num=0&edition=prelim), means any State or Territory of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
(2) The term “Territory” means any Territory or possession of the United States, including the District of Columbia, and excluding the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Canal Zone.
**(b)** The term “interstate commerce” means (1) commerce between any State or Territory and any place outside thereof, and (2) commerce within the District of Columbia or within any other Territory not organized with a legislative body.
**(c)** The term “Department” means Department of Health and Human Services.
**(d)** The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
**(e)** The term “person” includes individual, partnership, corporation, and association.
**(f)** The term “food” means (1) articles used for food or drink for man or other animals, (2) chewing gum, and (3) articles used for components of any such article.
**(g)**
(1) The term “drug” means (A) articles recognized in the official United States Pharmacopoeia,11 So in original. Probably should be “Pharmacopeia,”. official Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States, or official National Formulary, or any supplement to any of them; and (B) articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals; and (C) articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals; and (D) articles intended for use as a component of any article specif
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 321
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Criminal liability** Whoever shall willfully violate any of the provisions of this chapter or of any license, rule, or regulation issued thereunder, and whoever shall willfully violate, neglect, or refuse to comply with any order of the President issued in compliance with the provisions of the chapter shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000,000, or if a natural person, be imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both.
**(b) Civil liability; hearing; judicial review**
(1) A civil penalty of not to exceed $50,000 may be imposed by the Secretary of the Treasury on any person who violates any license, order, rule, or regulation issued in compliance with the provisions of this chapter.
(2) Any property, funds, securities, papers, or other articles or documents, or any vessel, together with its tackle, apparel, furniture, and equipment, that is the subject of a violation under paragraph (1) shall, at the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, be forfeited to the United States Government.
(3) The penalties provided under this subsection may be imposed only on the record after opportunity for an agency hearing in accordance with sections 554 through 557 of title 5, with the right to prehearing discovery.
(4) Judicial review of any penalty imposed under this subsection may be had to the extent provided in [section 702 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section702&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Forfeiture** Upon conviction, any property, funds, securities, papers, or other articles or documents, or any vessel, together with tackle, apparel, furniture, and equipment, concerned in any violation of subsection (a) may be forfeited to the United States.
**(d) Statute of limitations**
(1) **Time for commencing
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 4315
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2075
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 8512
1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘title 8);’’.
Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary
of Commerce, with respect to the waiver of the imposi-
tion of the licensing requirement under section 303(c).
Any reference in this memorandum to provisions of
any Act related to the subject of this memorandum
shall be deemed to include references to any hereafter-
enacted provision of law that is the same or substan-
tially the same as such provisions.
The Secretary of State is authorized and directed to
publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.
BARACK OBAMA.
SUBCHAPTER I—SANCTIONS
§ 8511. Definitions
In this subchapter:
(1) Agricultural commodity
The term ‘‘agricultural commodity’’ has the
meaning given that term in section 5602 of
title 7.
(2) Appropriate congressional committees
The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ has the meaning given that term in
section 14 of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996
(Public Law 104–172; 50 U.S.C. 1701 note), as
amended by section 102 of this Act.
(3) Executive agency
The term ‘‘executive agency’’ has the mean-
ing given that term in section 133 of title 41.
(4) Family member
The term ‘‘family member’’ means, with re-
spect to an individual, a spouse, child, parent,
sibling, grandchild, or grandparent of the indi-
vidual.
(5) Iranian diplomats and representatives of
other government and military or quasi-
governmental institutions of Iran
The term ‘‘Iranian diplomat or representa-
tive of another government or military or
quasi-governmental
institution
of
Iran’’
means any of the Iranian diplomats and rep-
resentatives of other government and military
or quasi-governmental institutions of Iran (as
that term is defined in
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 8512
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 151
TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
§ 1701
CHAPTER 35—INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY
ECONOMIC POWERS
Sec.
1701.
Unusual and extraordinary threat; declara-
tion of national emergency; exercise of
Presidential authorities.
1702.
Presidential authorities.
1703.
Consultation and reports.
1704.
Authority to issue regulations.
1705.
Penalties.
1706.
Savings provisions.
1707.
Multinational economic embargoes against
governments in armed conflict with the
United States.
1708.
Actions to address economic or industrial es-
pionage in cyberspace.
1709.
Imposition of sanctions with respect to theft
of trade secrets of United States persons.
1710.
Confronting asymmetric and malicious cyber
activities.
§ 1701. Unusual and extraordinary threat; dec-
laration of national emergency; exercise of
Presidential authorities
(a) Any authority granted to the President by
section 1702 of this title may be exercised to deal
with any unusual and extraordinary threat,
which has its source in whole or substantial part
outside the United States, to the national secu-
rity, foreign policy, or economy of the United
States, if the President declares a national
emergency with respect to such threat.
(b) The authorities granted to the President
by section 1702 of this title may only be exer-
cised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary
threat with respect to which a national emer-
gency has been declared for purposes of this
chapter and may not be exercised for any other
purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal
with any new threat shall be based on a new dec-
laration of national emergency which must be
with respect to such threat.
(Pub. L. 95–223, title II, § 202, Dec. 28, 1977, 91
Stat. 1626.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
SHORT TITLE
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 50 U.S.C. § 1701
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