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50 U.S.C. § 4315 — Offenses; punishment; forfeitures of property
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Criminal liability** Whoever shall willfully violate any of the provisions of this chapter or of any license, rule, or regulation issued thereunder, and whoever shall willfully violate, neglect, or refuse to comply with any order of the President issued in compliance with the provisions of the chapter shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000,000, or if a natural person, be imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both.
**(b) Civil liability; hearing; judicial review**
(1) A civil penalty of not to exceed $50,000 may be imposed by the Secretary of the Treasury on any person who violates any license, order, rule, or regulation issued in compliance with the provisions of this chapter.
(2) Any property, funds, securities, papers, or other articles or documents, or any vessel, together with its tackle, apparel, furniture, and equipment, that is the subject of a violation under paragraph (1) shall, at the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, be forfeited to the United States Government.
(3) The penalties provided under this subsection may be imposed only on the record after opportunity for an agency hearing in accordance with sections 554 through 557 of title 5, with the right to prehearing discovery.
(4) Judicial review of any penalty imposed under this subsection may be had to the extent provided in [section 702 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section702&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Forfeiture** Upon conviction, any property, funds, securities, papers, or other articles or documents, or any vessel, together with tackle, apparel, furniture, and equipment, concerned in any violation of subsection (a) may be forfeited to the United States.
**(d) Statute of limitations**
(1) **Time for commencing
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_e9d244aa15b4931911e6cb9f
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-50/section-4315-offenses-punishment-forfeitures-of-property--947d0a0a1d.md
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Source location: Title 50, Chapter 53, § 4315; chapter-053-trading-with-the-enemy.md
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**(a) Criminal liability** Whoever shall willfully violate any of the provisions of this chapter or of any license, rule, or regulation issued thereunder, and whoever shall willfully violate, neglect, or refuse to comply with any order of the President issued in compliance with the provisions of the chapter shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000,000, or if a natural person, be imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both.
**(b) Civil liability; hearing; judicial review**
(1) A civil penalty of not to exceed $50,000 may be imposed by the Secretary of the Treasury on any person who violates any license, order, rule, or regulation issued in compliance with the provisions of this chapter.
(2) Any property, funds, securities, papers, or other articles or documents, or any vessel, together with its tackle, apparel, furniture, and equipment, that is the subject of a violation under paragraph (1) shall, at the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, be forfeited to the United States Government.
(3) The penalties provided under this subsection may be imposed only on the record after opportunity for an agency hearing in accordance with sections 554 through 557 of title 5, with the right to prehearing discovery.
(4) Judicial review of any penalty imposed under this subsection may be had to the extent provided in [section 702 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section702&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Forfeiture** Upon conviction, any property, funds, securities, papers, or other articles or documents, or any vessel, together with tackle, apparel, furniture, and equipment, concerned in any violation of subsection (a) may be forfeited to the United States.
**(d) Statute of limitations**
(1) **Time for commencing proceedings**
(A) *In general* — An action, suit, or proceeding for the enforcement of any civil fine, penalty, or forfeiture, pecuniary or otherwise, under this section shall not be entertained unless commenced within 10 years after the latest date of the violation upon which the civil fine, penalty, or forfeiture is based.
(B) *Commencement* — For purposes of this paragraph, the commencement of an action, suit, or proceeding includes the issuance of a pre-penalty notice or finding of violation.
(2) **Time for indictment** — No person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for any offense under subsection (a) unless the indictment is found or the information is instituted within 10 years after the latest date of the violation upon which the indictment or information is based.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
A person suffering legal wrong because of agency action, or adversely affected or aggrieved by agency action within the meaning of a relevant statute, is entitled to judicial review thereof. An action in a court of the United States seeking relief other than money damages and stating a claim that an agency or an officer or employee thereof acted or failed to act in an official capacity or under color of legal authority shall not be dismissed nor relief therein be denied on the ground that it is against the United States or that the United States is an indispensable party. The United States may be named as a defendant in any such action, and a judgment or decree may be entered against the United States: Provided, That any mandatory or injunctive decree shall specify the Federal officer or officers (by name or by title), and their successors in office, personally responsible for compliance. Nothing herein (1) affects other limitations on judicial review or the power or duty of the court to dismiss any action or deny relief on any other appropriate legal or equitable ground; or (2) confers authority to grant relief if any other statute that grants consent to suit expressly or impliedly forbids the relief which is sought.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
This chapter shall be known as the “Trading with the enemy 11 So in original. Act.”
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 4301
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) Whoever, knowing that the property involved in a financial transaction represents the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity, conducts or attempts to conduct such a financial transaction which in fact involves the proceeds of specified unlawful activity—
(A)
(i) with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity; or
(ii) with intent to engage in conduct constituting a violation of section 7201 or 7206 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or
(B) knowing that the transaction is designed in whole or in part—
(i) to conceal or disguise the nature, the location, the source, the ownership, or the control of the proceeds of specified unlawful activity; or
(ii) to avoid a transaction reporting requirement under State or Federal law,
shall be sentenced to a fine of not more than $500,000 or twice the value of the property involved in the transaction, whichever is greater, or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both. For purposes of this paragraph, a financial transaction shall be considered to be one involving the proceeds of specified unlawful activity if it is part of a set of parallel or dependent transactions, any one of which involves the proceeds of specified unlawful activity, and all of which are part of a single plan or arrangement.
(2) Whoever transports, transmits, or transfers, or attempts to transport, transmit, or transfer a monetary instrument or funds from a place in the United States to or through a place outside the United States or to a place in the United States from or through a place outside the United States—
(A) with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity; or
(B) knowing that the monetary instrument or funds involved in the transportation,
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 1956
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Presidential control of exports and imports of defense articles and services, guidance of policy, etc.; designation of United States Munitions List; issuance of export licenses; negotiations information**
(1) In furtherance of world peace and the security and foreign policy of the United States, the President is authorized to control the import and the export of defense articles and defense services and to provide foreign policy guidance to persons of the United States involved in the export and import of such articles and services. The President is authorized to designate those items which shall be considered as defense articles and defense services for the purposes of this section and to promulgate regulations for the import and export of such articles and services. The items so designated shall constitute the United States Munitions List.
(2) Decisions on issuing export licenses under this section shall take into account whether the export of an article would contribute to an arms race, aid in the development of weapons of mass destruction, support international terrorism, increase the possibility of outbreak or escalation of conflict, or prejudice the development of bilateral or multilateral arms control or nonproliferation agreements or other arrangements.
(3) In exercising the authorities conferred by this section, the President may require that any defense article or defense service be sold under this chapter as a condition of its eligibility for export, and may require that persons engaged in the negotiation for the export of defense articles and services keep the President fully and currently informed of the progress and future prospects of such negotiations.
**(b) Registration and licensing requirements for manufacturers, exporters, or importers of d
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2778
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The government of Fidel Castro has demonstrated consistent disregard for internationally accepted standards of human rights and for democratic values. It restricts the Cuban people’s exercise of freedom of speech, press, assembly, and other rights recognized by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 1948. It has refused to admit into Cuba the representative of the United Nations Human Rights Commission appointed to investigate human rights violations on the island.
(2) The Cuban people have demonstrated their yearning for freedom and their increasing opposition to the Castro government by risking their lives in organizing independent, democratic activities on the island and by undertaking hazardous flights for freedom to the United States and other countries.
(3) The Castro government maintains a military-dominated economy that has decreased the well-being of the Cuban people in order to enable the government to engage in military interventions and subversive activities throughout the world and, especially, in the Western Hemisphere. These have included involvement in narcotics trafficking and support for the FMLN guerrillas in El Salvador.
(4) There is no sign that the Castro regime is prepared to make any significant concessions to democracy or to undertake any form of democratic opening. Efforts to suppress dissent through intimidation, imprisonment, and exile have accelerated since the political changes that have occurred in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.
(5) Events in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have dramatically reduced Cuba’s external support and threaten Cuba’s food and oil supplies.
(6) The fall of communism i
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6001
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Enforcement authority** The authority to enforce this chapter shall be carried out by the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary of the Treasury shall exercise the authorities of the Trading With the Enemy Act [[50 U.S.C. 4301](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section4301&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] in enforcing this chapter. In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary of the Treasury shall take the necessary steps to ensure that activities permitted under [section 6004 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6004&num=0&edition=prelim) are carried out for the purposes set forth in this chapter and not for purposes of the accumulation by the Cuban Government of excessive amounts of United States currency or the accumulation of excessive profits by any person or entity.
**(b) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the Treasury such sums as may be necessary to carry out this chapter.
**(c) Omitted**
**(d) Applicability of penalties** The penalties set forth in section 16 of the Trading With the Enemy Act [[50 U.S.C. 4315](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section4315&num=0&edition=prelim)] shall apply to violations of this chapter to the same extent as such penalties apply to violations under that Act [[50 U.S.C. 4301](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section4301&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.].
**(e) Office of Foreign Assets Control** The Department of the Treasury shall establish and maintain a branch of the Office of Foreign Assets Control in Miami, Florida, in order to strengthen the enforcement of this chapter.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6009
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The economy of Cuba has experienced a decline of at least 60 percent in the last 5 years as a result of—
(A) the end of its subsidization by the former Soviet Union of between 5 billion and 6 billion dollars annually;
(B) 36 years of communist tyranny and economic mismanagement by the Castro government;
(C) the extreme decline in trade between Cuba and the countries of the former Soviet bloc; and
(D) the stated policy of the Russian Government and the countries of the former Soviet bloc to conduct economic relations with Cuba on strictly commercial terms.
(2) At the same time, the welfare and health of the Cuban people have substantially deteriorated as a result of this economic decline and the refusal of the Castro regime to permit free and fair democratic elections in Cuba.
(3) The Castro regime has made it abundantly clear that it will not engage in any substantive political reforms that would lead to democracy, a market economy, or an economic recovery.
(4) The repression of the Cuban people, including a ban on free and fair democratic elections, and continuing violations of fundamental human rights, have isolated the Cuban regime as the only completely nondemocratic government in the Western Hemisphere.
(5) As long as free elections are not held in Cuba, the economic condition of the country and the welfare of the Cuban people will not improve in any significant way.
(6) The totalitarian nature of the Castro regime has deprived the Cuban people of any peaceful means to improve their condition and has led thousands of Cuban citizens to risk or lose their lives in dangerous attempts to escape from Cuba to freedom.
(7) Radio Marti and Television Marti have both been effective vehicles for providing the
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6031
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter, the following terms have the following meanings:
(1) **Agency or instrumentality of a foreign state** — The term “agency or instrumentality of a foreign state” has the meaning given that term in [section 1603(b) of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1603/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on International Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
(3) **Commercial activity** — The term “commercial activity” has the meaning given that term in [section 1603(d) of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1603/d&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Confiscated** — As used in subchapters I and III, the term “confiscated” refers to—
(A) the nationalization, expropriation, or other seizure by the Cuban Government of ownership or control of property, on or after January 1, 1959—
(i) without the property having been returned or adequate and effective compensation provided; or
(ii) without the claim to the property having been settled pursuant to an international claims settlement agreement or other mutually accepted settlement procedure; and
(B) the repudiation by the Cuban Government of, the default by the Cuban Government on, or the failure of the Cuban Government to pay, on or after January 1, 1959—
(i) a debt of any enterprise which has been nationalized, expropriated, or otherwise taken by the Cuban Government;
(ii) a debt which is a charge on property nationalized, expropriated, or otherwise taken by the Cu
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6033
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Policy**
(1) **Restrictions by other countries** — The Congress hereby reaffirms section 1704(a) of the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 [[22 U.S.C. 6003(a)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6003/a&num=0&edition=prelim)], which states that the President should encourage foreign countries to restrict trade and credit relations with Cuba in a manner consistent with the purposes of that Act [[22 U.S.C. 6001](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6001&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.].
(2) **Sanctions on other countries** — The Congress further urges the President to take immediate steps to apply the sanctions described in section 1704(b)(1) of that Act [[22 U.S.C. 6003(b)(1)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6003/b/1&num=0&edition=prelim)] against countries assisting Cuba.
**(b) Diplomatic efforts** The Secretary of State should ensure that United States diplomatic personnel abroad understand and, in their contacts with foreign officials, are communicating the reasons for the United States economic embargo of Cuba, and are urging foreign governments to cooperate more effectively with the embargo.
**(c) Existing regulations** The President shall instruct the Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General to enforce fully the Cuban Assets Control Regulations set forth in part 515 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations.
**(d) Omitted**
**(e) Denial of visas to certain Cuban nationals** It is the sense of the Congress that the President should instruct the Secretary of State and the Attorney General to enforce fully existing regulations to deny visas to Cuban nationals considered by the Secretary of State to be officers or employees of the Cuban
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6036
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The illicit nuclear activities of the Government of Iran, combined with its development of unconventional weapons and ballistic missiles and its support for international terrorism, represent a threat to the security of the United States, its strong ally Israel, and other allies of the United States around the world.
(2) The United States and other responsible countries have a vital interest in working together to prevent the Government of Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapons capability.
(3) The International Atomic Energy Agency has repeatedly called attention to Iran’s illicit nuclear activities and, as a result, the United Nations Security Council has adopted a range of sanctions designed to encourage the Government of Iran to suspend those activities and comply with its obligations under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done at Washington, London, and Moscow July 1, 1968, and entered into force March 5, 1970 (commonly known as the “Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty”).
(4) The serious and urgent nature of the threat from Iran demands that the United States work together with its allies to do everything possible—diplomatically, politically, and economically—to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapons capability.
(5) The United States and its major European allies, including the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, have advocated that sanctions be strengthened should international diplomatic efforts fail to achieve verifiable suspension of Iran’s uranium enrichment program and an end to its nuclear weapons program and other illicit nuclear activities.
(6) The Government of Iran continues to engage in serious, systematic, and ongoing violations of human rights, including suppression of freedom
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 8511
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