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22 U.S.C. § 3201 — Programs
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Energy development programs** The United States shall initiate a program, consistent with the aims of [section 3261 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section3261&num=0&edition=prelim), to cooperate with developing countries for the purpose of—
(1) meeting the energy needs required for the development of such countries;
(2) reducing the dependence of such countries on petroleum fuels, with emphasis given to utilizing solar and other renewable energy resources; and
(3) expanding the energy alternatives available to such countries.
**(b) Energy assessments and cooperative projects** Such program shall include cooperation in evaluating the energy alternatives of developing countries, facilitating international trade in energy commodities, developing energy resources, and applying suitable energy technologies. The program shall include both general and country-specific energy assessments and cooperative projects in resource exploration and production, training, research and development.
**(c) Exchange of scientists, technicians, and energy experts** As an integral part of such program, the Department of Energy, under the general policy guidance of the Department of State and in cooperation with the Agency for International Development and other Federal agencies as appropriate, shall initiate, as soon as practicable, a program for the exchange of United States scientists, technicians, and energy experts with those of developing countries to implement the purposes of this section.
**(d) Authorization of appropriations** For the purposes of carrying out this section, there is authorized to be appropriated such sums as are contained in annual authorization Acts for the Department of Energy, including such sums which h
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 3201
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 47, § 3201; chapter-047-nuclear-non-proliferation.md
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**(a) Energy development programs** The United States shall initiate a program, consistent with the aims of [section 3261 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section3261&num=0&edition=prelim), to cooperate with developing countries for the purpose of—
(1) meeting the energy needs required for the development of such countries;
(2) reducing the dependence of such countries on petroleum fuels, with emphasis given to utilizing solar and other renewable energy resources; and
(3) expanding the energy alternatives available to such countries.
**(b) Energy assessments and cooperative projects** Such program shall include cooperation in evaluating the energy alternatives of developing countries, facilitating international trade in energy commodities, developing energy resources, and applying suitable energy technologies. The program shall include both general and country-specific energy assessments and cooperative projects in resource exploration and production, training, research and development.
**(c) Exchange of scientists, technicians, and energy experts** As an integral part of such program, the Department of Energy, under the general policy guidance of the Department of State and in cooperation with the Agency for International Development and other Federal agencies as appropriate, shall initiate, as soon as practicable, a program for the exchange of United States scientists, technicians, and energy experts with those of developing countries to implement the purposes of this section.
**(d) Authorization of appropriations** For the purposes of carrying out this section, there is authorized to be appropriated such sums as are contained in annual authorization Acts for the Department of Energy, including such sums which have been authorized for such purposes under previous legislation.
**(e) Coordination with related United States activities abroad** Under the direction of the President, the Secretary of State shall ensure the coordination of the activities authorized by this subchapter with other related activities of the United States conducted abroad, including the programs authorized by sections 2151a(c), 2151d(a)(2),11 See References in Text note below. and 2151q 1 of this title.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Department of Energy, in consultation with the Commission, shall establish and operate a safeguards and physical security training program to be made available to persons from nations and groups of nations which have developed or acquired, or may be expected to develop or acquire, nuclear materials and equipment for use for peaceful purposes. Any such program shall include training in the most advanced safeguards and physical security techniques and technology, consistent with the national security interests of the United States.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 3261
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Congressional findings and purposes** The Congress finds the survival of many animal and plant species is endangered by over-hunting, by the presence of toxic chemicals in water, air and soil, and by the destruction of habitats. The Congress further finds that the extinction of animal and plant species is an irreparable loss with potentially serious environmental and economic consequences for developing and developed countries alike. Accordingly, the preservation of animal and plant species through the regulation of the hunting and trade in endangered species, through limitations on the pollution of natural ecosystems, and through the protection of wildlife habitats should be an important objective of the United States development assistance.
**(b) Remedial measures** In order to preserve biological diversity, the President is authorized to furnish assistance under subchapter I of this chapter, notwithstanding [section 2420 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2420&num=0&edition=prelim), to assist countries in protecting and maintaining wildlife habitats and in developing sound wildlife management and plant conservation programs. Special efforts should be made to establish and maintain wildlife sanctuaries, reserves, and parks; to enact and enforce anti-poaching measures; and to identify, study, and catalog animal and plant species, especially in tropical environments.
**(c) Funding level** For fiscal year 1987, not less than $2,500,000 of the funds available to carry out subchapter I of this chapter (excluding funds made available to carry out [section 2151b(c)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2151b/c/2&num=0&edition=prelim), relating to the Child
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2151q
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Upon a finding that an export of uranium depleted in the isotope 235 is incorporated in defense articles or commodities solely to take advantage of high density or pyrophoric characteristics unrelated to its radioactivity, such exports shall be exempt from the provisions of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [[42 U.S.C. 2011](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2011&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] and of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 [[22 U.S.C. 3201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section3201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] when such exports are subject to the controls established under the Arms Export Control Act [[22 U.S.C. 2751](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2751&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] or the Export Administration Act of 1979.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2778a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Review of Government activities; description of progress; assessment of impact of progress; determinations regarding non-nuclear-weapon states; counterproductiveness of policies** The President shall review all activities of Government departments and agencies relating to preventing proliferation and shall make a report to Congress in January of 1979 and annually in January of each year thereafter on the Government’s efforts to prevent proliferation. This report shall include but not be limited to—
(1) a description of the progress made toward—
(A) negotiating the initiatives contemplated in sections 3223 and 3224 of this title;
(B) negotiating the international arrangements or other mutual undertakings contemplated in [section 2153b of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2153b&num=0&edition=prelim);
(C) encouraging non-nuclear-weapon states that are not party to the Treaty to adhere to the Treaty or, pending such adherence, to enter into comparable agreements with respect to safeguards and to foreswear the development of any nuclear explosive devices, and discouraging nuclear exports to non-nuclear-weapon states which have not taken such steps;
(D) strengthening the safeguards of the IAEA as contemplated in [section 3241 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section3241&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(E) renegotiating agreements for cooperation as contemplated in [section 2153c(a) of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2153c/a&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) an assessment of the impact of the progress described in paragraph (1) on the non-proliferation policy of the United States; an explanation of the precise
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 3202
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Reports by Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Department of Energy** The annual reports to the Congress by the Commission and the Department of Energy which are otherwise required by law shall also include views and recommendations regarding the policies and actions of the United States to prevent proliferation which are the statutory responsibility of those agencies. The Department’s report shall include a detailed analysis of the proliferation implications of advanced enrichment and reprocessing techniques, advanced reactors, and alternative nuclear fuel cycles. This part of the report shall include a comprehensive version which includes any relevant classified information and a summary unclassified version.
**(b) Additional reporting requirements** The reporting requirements of this subchapter are in addition to and not in lieu of any other reporting requirements under applicable law.
**(c) Committees on Foreign Relations and Governmental Affairs of Senate and Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives to be kept informed**
(1) The Department of State, the Department of Defense, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Energy, the Commission, and, with regard to subparagraph (B), the Director of Central Intelligence, shall keep the Committees on Foreign Relations and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives fully and currently informed with respect to—
(A) their activities to carry out the purposes and policies of this chapter and to otherwise prevent proliferation, including the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons, or their means of delivery; and
(B) the current activities of foreign nations which are of significance from the prolifer
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 3203
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds and declares that the proliferation of nuclear explosive devices or of the direct capability to manufacture or otherwise acquire such devices poses a grave threat to the security interests of the United States and to continued international progress toward world peace and development. Recent events emphasize the urgency of this threat and the imperative need to increase the effectiveness of international safeguards and controls on peaceful nuclear activities to prevent proliferation. Accordingly, it is the policy of the United States to—
**(a)** actively pursue through international initiatives mechanisms for fuel supply assurances and the establishment of more effective international controls over the transfer and use of nuclear materials and equipment and nuclear technology for peaceful purposes in order to prevent proliferation, including the establishment of common international sanctions;
**(b)** take such actions as are required to confirm the reliability of the United States in meeting its commitments to supply nuclear reactors and fuel to nations which adhere to effective non-proliferation policies by establishing procedures to facilitate the timely processing of requests for subsequent arrangements and export licenses;
**(c)** strongly encourage nations which have not ratified the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to do so at the earliest possible date; and
**(d)** cooperate with foreign nations in identifying and adapting suitable technologies for energy production and, in particular, to identify alternative options to nuclear power in aiding such nations to meet their energy needs, consistent with the economic and material resources of those nations and environmental protection.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 3221
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
It is the purpose of this chapter to promote the policies set forth above by—
**(a)** establishing a more effective framework for international cooperation to meet the energy needs of all nations and to ensure that the worldwide development of peaceful nuclear activities and the export by any nation of nuclear materials and equipment and nuclear technology intended for use in peaceful nuclear activities do not contribute to proliferation;
**(b)** authorizing the United States to take such actions as are required to ensure that it will act reliably in meeting its commitment to supply nuclear reactors and fuel to nations which adhere to effective non-proliferation policies;
**(c)** providing incentives to the other nations of the world to join in such international cooperative efforts and to ratify the Treaty; and
**(d)** ensuring effective controls by the United States over its exports of nuclear materials and equipment and of nuclear technology.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 3222
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** As used in this chapter, the term—
(1) “Commission” means the Nuclear Regulatory Commission;
(2) “IAEA” means International Atomic Energy Agency;
(3) “nuclear materials and equipment” means source material, special nuclear material, production facilities, utilization facilities, and components, items or substances determined to have significance for nuclear explosive purposes pursuant to subsection 109b 11 So in the original. Probably should be “section 109(b)”. of the 1954 Act [[42 U.S.C. 2139(b)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2139/b&num=0&edition=prelim)];
(4) “physical security measures” means measures to reasonably ensure that source or special nuclear material will only be used for authorized purposes and to prevent theft and sabotage;
(5) “sensitive nuclear technology” means any information (including information incorporated in a production or utilization facility or important component part thereof) which is not available to the public and which is important to the design, construction, fabrication, operation or maintenance of a uranium enrichment or nuclear fuel reprocessing facility or a facility for the production of heavy water, but shall not include Restricted Data controlled pursuant to chapter 12 of the 1954 Act [[42 U.S.C. 2161](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2161&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.];
(6) “1954 Act” means the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended [[42 U.S.C. 2011](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2011&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]; and
(7) “the Treaty” means the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
**(b)** All other terms used in this chapter not defined in this section shall have
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 3223
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The United States, as a matter of national policy, shall take such actions and institute such measures as may be necessary and feasible to assure other nations and groups of nations that may seek to utilize the benefits of atomic energy for peaceful purposes that it will provide a reliable supply of nuclear fuel to those nations and groups of nations which adhere to policies designed to prevent proliferation. Such nuclear fuel shall be provided under agreements entered into pursuant to [section 2201 of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2201&num=0&edition=prelim) or as otherwise authorized by law. The United States shall ensure that it will have available the capacity on a long-term basis to enter into new fuel supply commitments consistent with its non-proliferation policies and domestic energy needs. The Commission shall, on a timely basis, authorize the export of nuclear materials and equipment when all the applicable statutory requirements are met.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 3224
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary of Energy is directed to initiate construction planning and design, construction, and operation activities for expansion of uranium enrichment capacity, as elsewhere provided by law. Further the Secretary as well as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Secretary of State are directed to establish and implement procedures which will ensure to the maximum extent feasible, consistent with this chapter, orderly processing of subsequent arrangements and export licenses with minimum time delay.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 3224a
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