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22 U.S.C. § 2182 — Authorization for worldwide shelter guarantees

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2182 — Authorization for worldwide shelter guarantees

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-2182-authorization-for-worldwide-shelter-guarantees--2943068552.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 32, § 2182; chapter-032-foreign-assistance.md

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**(a) Authorization to issue guarantees to eligible investors** To carry out the policy of [section 2181 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2181&num=0&edition=prelim), the President is authorized to issue guaranties to eligible investors (as defined in section 2198(c) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title) assuring against losses incurred in connection with loans made for projects meeting the criteria set forth in [section 2181 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2181&num=0&edition=prelim). The total principal amount of guaranties issued under this subpart or heretofore issued under prior housing guaranty authorities, which are outstanding at any one time, shall not exceed $2,558,000,000. The authority of this section shall continue through September 30, 1992. The President may issue regulations from time to time with regard to the terms and conditions upon which such guaranties shall be issued and the eligibility of lenders. **(b) Emphasis on certain activities** Activities carried out under this section shall emphasize— (1) projects which provide improved home sites to poor families on which to build shelter, and related services; (2) projects comprised of expandable core shelter units on serviced sites; (3) slum upgrading projects designed to conserve and improve existing shelter; (4) shelter projects for low-income people designed for demonstration or institution building purposes; and (5) community facilities and services in support of projects authorized under this section to improve the shelter occupied by the poor. **(c) Use of solar energy technology** In issuing guaranties under this section with respect to projects in a country which require the use or conservation of energy, the President shall give consideration to the use of solar energy technologies, where such technologies are economically and technically feasible. Technologies which may be used include solar hot water systems, solar heating and cooling, passive solar heating, biomass conversion, photovoltaic and wind applications, and community-scale solar thermal applications. **(k) 22 So in original. No subsecs. (d) to (j) have been enacted. Minimum annual program levels** The total principal amount of guaranties issued under this section for each of the fiscal years 1986 and 1987 shall be comparable to the total principal amount of such guaranties issued for fiscal year 1984, subject to the dollar limitations on the issuance of guaranties under this section which are contained in subsection (a) and in appropriation Acts.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2381 — Exercise of functions

**(a) Delegation by President; rules and regulations; utilization of goods and services from private enterprise, and facilities and resources of Federal agencies when not competitive with private enterprise** The President may exercise any functions conferred upon him by this chapter through such agency or officer of the United States Government as he shall direct. The head of any such agency or such officer may from time to time promulgate such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out such functions, and may delegate authority to perform any such functions, including, if he shall so specify, the authority successively to redelegate any of such functions to any of his subordinates. In providing technical assistance under this chapter, the head of any such agency or such officer shall utilize, to the fullest extent practicable, goods and professional and other services from private enterprise on a contract basis. In such fields as education, health, housing, or agriculture, the facilities and resources of other Federal agencies shall be utilized when such facilities are particularly or uniquely suitable for technical assistance, are not competitive with private enterprise, and can be made available without interfering unduly with domestic programs. **(b) Eligibility of suppliers; debarment period; causes for debarment; conditions for reinstatement; periodic review** The President shall issue and enforce regulations determining the eligibility of any person to receive funds made available under this chapter. A person may be suspended under such regulations for a temporary period pending the completion of an investigation and any resulting judicial or debarment proceedings, upon cause for belief that such person or an affiliate thereof probably has undertake

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2151 — Congressional findings and declaration of policy

(a) United States development cooperation policy

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2181 — Policy

The Congress recognizes that shelter, including essential urban development services, is among the most fundamental of human needs. Shelter for most people in the developing countries consists largely of domestic materials assembled by local labor. While recognizing that most financing for such shelter must come from domestic resources, the Congress finds that carefully designed programs involving United States capital and expertise can increase the availability of domestic financing for improved shelter and related services for low-income people by demonstrating to local entrepreneurs and institutions that providing low-cost shelter can be financially viable. The Congress reaffirms, therefore, that the United States should continue to assist developing countries in marshalling resources for low-cost shelter. Particular attention should be given to programs which will support pilot projects for low-cost shelter or which will have a maximum demonstration impact on local institutions and national policy. The Congress declares that the long run goal of all such programs should be to develop domestic construction capabilities and to stimulate local credit institutions to make available domestic capital and other management and technological resources required for effective low-cost shelter programs and policies.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 1432 — Incorporation of banks; corporate powers; housing project loans

**(a)** The directors of each Federal Home Loan Bank shall, in accordance with such rules and regulations as the Director may prescribe, make and file with the Director at the earliest practicable date after the establishment of such bank, an organization certificate which shall contain such information as the Director may require. Upon the making and filing of such organization certificate with the Director, such bank shall become, as of the date of the execution of its organization certificate, a body corporate, and as such and in its name as designated by the Director it shall have power to adopt, alter, and use a corporate seal; to make contracts; to purchase or lease and hold or dispose of such real estate as may be necessary or convenient for the transaction of its business; to sue and be sued, to complain and to defend, in any court of competent jurisdiction, State or Federal; to select, employ, and fix the compensation of such officers, employees, attorneys, and agents as shall be necessary for the transaction of its business,; 11 So in original. to define their duties, require bonds of them and fix the penalties thereof, and to dismiss at pleasure such officers, employees, attorneys, and agents; and, by the board of directors of the bank, to prescribe, amend, and repeal by-laws governing the manner in which its affairs may be administered, consistent with applicable laws and regulations, as administered by the Director. No officer, employee, attorney, or agent of a Federal home loan bank who receives compensation, may be a member of the board of directors. Each such bank shall have all such incidental powers, not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter, as are customary and usual in corporations generally. **(b)** Subject to such regulations as may be

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 1464 — Federal savings associations

**(a) In general** In order to provide thrift institutions for the deposit of funds and for the extension of credit for homes and other goods and services, the Comptroller of the Currency is authorized, under such regulations as the Comptroller of the Currency may prescribe— (1) to provide for the organization, incorporation, examination, operation, and regulation of associations to be known as Federal savings associations (including Federal savings banks), and (2) to issue charters therefor, giving primary consideration of the best practices of thrift institutions in the United States. The lending and investment powers conferred by this section are intended to encourage such institutions to provide credit for housing safely and soundly. **(b) Deposits and related powers** (1) **Deposit accounts** (A) Subject to the terms of its charter and regulations of the Comptroller of the Currency, a Federal savings association may— (i) raise funds through such deposit, share, or other accounts, including demand deposit accounts (hereafter in this section referred to as “accounts”); and (ii) issue passbooks, certificates, or other evidence of accounts. (B) A Federal savings association may not permit any overdraft (including an intraday overdraft) on behalf of an affiliate, or incur any such overdraft in such savings association’s account at a Federal reserve bank or Federal home loan bank on behalf of an affiliate.All savings accounts and demand accounts shall have the same priority upon liquidation. Holders of accounts and obligors of a Federal savings association shall, to such extent as may be provided by its charter or by regulations of the Comptroller of the Currency, be members of the savings association, and shall have such voting rights and such other

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2183 — General provisions

**(a) Fees; determination by President; reduction** A fee shall be charged for each guaranty issued under section 2182 or 2182a of this title in an amount to be determined by the President. In the event the fee to be charged for such type of guaranty is reduced, fees to be paid under existing contracts for the same type of guaranty may be similarly reduced. **(b) Accumulated and existing fees; expenditure of fees; revolving fund account; investments; use of investment income** The amount of $50,000,000 of fees accumulated under prior investment guaranty provisions repealed by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969, together with all fees collected in connection with guaranties issued under [section 2182 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2182&num=0&edition=prelim) or under prior housing guaranty authorities, shall be available for meeting necessary administrative and operating expenses of carrying out the provisions of [section 2182 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2182&num=0&edition=prelim) and administering housing guaranties heretofore authorized under this subpart and under prior housing guaranty provisions repealed by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969 (including, but not limited to expenses pertaining to personnel, supplies, and printing), subject to such limitations as may be imposed in annual appropriation Acts; for meeting management and custodial costs incurred with respect to currencies or other assets acquired under guaranties made pursuant to [section 2182 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2182&num=0&edition=prelim) or heretofore pursuant to this subpart or prior Latin American and other hous

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2184 — Trade credit insurance program for Central America

**(a) Guarantees to Export-Import Bank; financial transactions with private sector in Central American countries** In order to enable the Export-Import Bank of the United States (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Bank”) to determine that there exists reasonable assurance of repayment as required under section 2(b)(1)(B) of the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 [[12 U.S.C. 635(b)(1)(B)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section635/b/1/B&num=0&edition=prelim)], the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Agency”) is authorized to provide guarantees to the Bank for liabilities to be incurred by the Bank in connection with guarantees or insurance provided under the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 [[12 U.S.C. 635](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section635&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] for financing for transactions involving the export of goods and services for the use of the private sector in Central American countries. **(b) Extent of guarantees; agreements; reserve fund** (1) Guarantees provided by the Agency pursuant to the authority of subsection (a) shall be for short-term guarantees and insurance extended by the Bank which shall be repayable within a period not to exceed one year from the date of arrival at the port of importation of the goods and services covered by such guarantees or insurance. Guarantees or insurance extended by the Bank and guaranteed by the Agency pursuant to subsection (a) shall be provided by the Bank in accordance with criteria and procedures agreed to by the Agency and the Bank. Such agreement shall also provide for the establishment of a reserve fund by the Agency, with such fu

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2186 — Loan guarantees to Israel program

**(a) In general** Subject to the terms and conditions of this section, during the period beginning October 1, 1992, and ending September 30, 1997, the President is authorized to issue guarantees against losses incurred in connection with loans to Israel made as a result of Israel’s extraordinary humanitarian effort to resettle and absorb immigrants into Israel from the republics of the former Soviet Union, Ethiopia and other countries. In the event that less than the full amount authorized to be issued under subsection (b) of this section is issued in such period, the authority to issue the balance of such guarantees shall be available in the fiscal year ending on September 30, 1998. **(b) Fiscal year levels** The President is authorized to issue guarantees in furtherance of the purposes of this section. Subject to subsection (d), the total principal amount of guarantees which may be issued by the President under this section shall be up to $10,000,000,000 which may be issued as follows: (1) in fiscal year 1993, up to $2,000,000,000 may be issued on October 1, 1992 or thereafter; (2) subject to subsection (d), in fiscal years 1994 through 1997, up to $2,000,000,000 in each fiscal year may be issued on October 1 or thereafter. (3) If less than the full amount of guarantees authorized to be made available in a fiscal year pursuant to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection is issued to Israel during that fiscal year, the authority to issue the balance of such guarantees shall extend to any subsequent fiscal year ending on or before September 30, 1998. (4) (A) Not later than September 1 of each year during the period in which the President is authorized to issue loan guarantees under subsection (a), beginning in fiscal year 1993, the President shall notify the a

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2182 — Authorization for worldwide shelter guar-

Page 668 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2182 1 See References in Text note below. capital and other management and techno- logical resources required for effective low-cost shelter programs and policies. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 221, as added Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 807; amended Pub. L. 92–226, pt. I, § 103(a), Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 22; Pub. L. 93–189, § 5(1), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 717; Pub. L. 93–559, § 7(1), Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1796; Pub. L. 94–161, title III, § 311(3), Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 861; Pub. L. 95–88, title I, § 117(a)(1), Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 540; Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 115(a), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 950; Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(1) [title V, § 541(a)], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1884, 1903.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 is based on section 311(a) of H.R. 5119, Ninety-eighth Congress, as passed by the House of Representatives May 10, 1984, which was enacted into permanent law by Pub. L. 98–473. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 221 of Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 429, as amended by Pub. L. 87–565, pt. I, § 104(a), Aug. 1, 1962, 76 Stat. 256; Pub. L. 88–205, pt. I, § 104(a), Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 88–633, pt. I, § 103(a), Oct. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 1009; Pub. L. 89–171, pt. I, § 104(a), (b), Sept. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 654; Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, § 104(a), Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 798; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, § 104(a), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 450; Pub. L. 90–554, pt. I, § 103, Oct. 8, 1968, 82 Stat. 960, related to general au- thority for foreign investment guaranties by the Presi- dent, prior to the general reorganization of this subpart by Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 807. AMENDMENTS 1984—P

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