22 U.S.C. § 2182 — Authorization for worldwide shelter guar-

Page 668 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2182 1 See References in Text note below. capital and other management and techno- logical resources required for effective low-cost shelter programs and policies. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 221, as added Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 807; amended Pub. L. 92–226, pt. I, § 103(a), Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 22; Pub. L. 93–189, § 5(1), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 717; Pub. L. 93–559, § 7(1), Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1796; Pub. L. 94–161, title III, § 311(3), Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 861; Pub. L. 95–88, title I, § 117(a)(1), Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 540; Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 115(a), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 950; Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(1) [title V, § 541(a)], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1884, 1903.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 is based on section 311(a) of H.R. 5119, Ninety-eighth Congress, as passed by the House of Representatives May 10, 1984, which was enacted into permanent law by Pub. L. 98–473. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 221 of Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 429, as amended by Pub. L. 87–565, pt. I, § 104(a), Aug. 1, 1962, 76 Stat. 256; Pub. L. 88–205, pt. I, § 104(a), Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 88–633, pt. I, § 103(a), Oct. 7, 1964, 78 Stat. 1009; Pub. L. 89–171, pt. I, § 104(a), (b), Sept. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 654; Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, § 104(a), Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 798; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, § 104(a), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 450; Pub. L. 90–554, pt. I, § 103, Oct. 8, 1968, 82 Stat. 960, related to general au- thority for foreign investment guaranties by the Presi- dent, prior to the general reorganization of this subpart by Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 807. AMENDMENTS 1984—Pub. L. 98–473 substituted ‘‘, including essential urban development services, is’’ for ‘‘requirements are’’ after ‘‘The Congress recognizes that shelter’’ and, in the remainder of the section substituted ‘‘shelter’’ for ‘‘housing’’ wherever appearing. 1978—Pub. L. 95–424 generally revised the statement of policy to clarify that in developing countries, financ- ing, materials and labor for most housing must be ob- tained from local sources, while United States capital and technical expertise can increase the availability of housing and related services for low-income people by demonstrating financial viability of credit systems for low-cost housing. 1977—Pub. L. 95–88 struck out provisions that the total face amount of guaranties issued under this sec- tion outstanding at any one time not exceed $430,000,000 and added section 2182(c) of this title to the enumera- tion of sections setting out the conditions under which guaranties shall be issued. 1975—Pub. L. 94–161 substituted ‘‘$430,000,000’’ for ‘‘$355,000,000’’. 1974—Pub. L. 93–559 substituted ‘‘$355,000,000’’ for ‘‘$305,000,000’’. 1973—Pub. L. 93–189 substituted ‘‘$305,000,000’’ for ‘‘$205,000,000’’. 1972—Pub. L. 92–226 substituted ‘‘$205,000,000’’ for ‘‘$130,000,000’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title. USE OF FUNDS FROM SALE OF NOTES FOR DISCHARGE OF LIABILITIES UNDER GUARANTIES; TRANSFER OF FUNDS AND CANCELLATION OF NOTES AND INTEREST Pub. L. 90–249, title I, § 120, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 941, provided that: ‘‘Hereafter, none of the funds obtained or authorized to be obtained from the sale of notes under authority of paragraph 111(c)(2) of the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948 [section 1509(c)(2) of this title] or paragraph 413(b)(4)(F) of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 [section 1933(b)(4)(F) of this title] may be used for the purposes of discharging liabilities under any guar- anties (exclusive of informational media guaranties) issued under sections 221(b) and 224 of the Foreign As- sistance Act of 1961 [subsec. (b) of this section and sec- tion 2184 of this title], sections 202(b) and 413(b)(4) of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 [sections 1872(b) and 1933(b)(4) of this title] and section 111(b)(3) of the Eco- nomic Cooperation Act of 1948 [section 1509(b)(3) of this title]. Any portion of the funds in the reserve estab- lished pursuant to section 222(e) of the Foreign Assist- ance Act of 1961 [section 2182(e) of this title] which are attributable to the funds realized from the sale of notes specified in the preceding sentence shall be transferred to the general fund of the Treasury. The Secretary of the Treasury shall cancel all such notes and sums owing and unpaid thereon, including interest to date of cancellation.’’ § 2182. Authorization for worldwide shelter guar- antees (a) Authorization to issue guarantees to eligible investors To carry out the policy of section 2181 of this title, the President is authorized to issue guar- anties to eligible investors (as defined in section 2198(c) 1 of this title) assuring against losses in- curred in connection with loans made for projects meeting the criteria set forth in section 2181 of this title. The total principal amount of guaranties issued under this subpart or here- tofore issued under prior housing guaranty au- thorities, which are outstanding at any one time, shall not exceed $2,558,000,000. The author- ity of this section shall continue through Sep- tember 30, 1992. The President may issue regula- tions from time to time with regard to the terms and conditions upon which such guaran- ties shall be issued and the eligibility of lenders. (b) Emphasis on certain activities Activities carried out under this section shall emphasize— (1) projects which provide improved home sites to poor families on which to build shel- ter, and related services; (2) projects comprised of expandable core shelter units on serviced sites; (3) slum upgrading projects designed to con- serve and improve existing shelter; (4) shelter projects for low-income people de- signed for demonstration or institution build- ing purposes; and (5) community facilities and services in sup- port of projects authorized under this section to improve the shelter occupied by the poor. (c) Use of solar energy technology In issuing guaranties under this section with respect to projects in a country which require the use or conservation of energy, the President shall give consideration to the use of solar en- ergy technologies, where such technologies are economically and technically feasible. Tech- nologies which may be used include solar hot water systems, solar heating and cooling, pas- sive solar heating, biomass conversion, photo- Page 669 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2182a 2 So in original. No subsecs. (d) to (j) have been enacted. voltaic and wind applications, and community- scale solar thermal applications. (k) 2 Minimum annual program levels The total principal amount of guaranties issued under this section for each of the fiscal years 1986 and 1987 shall be comparable to the total principal amount of such guaranties issued for fiscal year 1984, subject to the dollar limita- tions on the issuance of guaranties under this section which are contained in subsection (a) and in appropriation Acts. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 222, as added Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 807; amended Pub. L. 94–161, title III, § 311(4), Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 861; Pub. L. 95–88, title I, § 117(a)(2), Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 540; Pub. L. 95–424, title I, § 115(a), Oct. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 950; Pub. L. 96–53, title I, § 112(a), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 363; Pub. L. 97–113, title III, § 310(a), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1535; Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(1) [title V, § 541(a)], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1884, 1903; Pub. L. 99–83, title III, § 313(a)–(c), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 216, 217; Pub. L. 100–202, § 101(e) [title II, § 201], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–131, 1329–142; Pub. L. 101–167, title II, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1205; Pub. L. 101–302, title II, May 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 224; Pub. L. 101–513, title II, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1989.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 2198(c) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was repealed by Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1464(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3513. CODIFICATION Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 is based on section 311(b) of H.R. 5119, Ninety-eighth Congress, as passed by the House of Representatives May 10, 1984, which was enacted into permanent law by Pub. L. 98–473. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 222 of Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 430, as amended by Pub. L. 87–565, pt. I, § 104(b), Aug. 1, 1962, 76 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 88–205, pt. I, § 104(b)–(f), Dec. 16, 1963, 77 Stat. 381, 382; Pub. L. 89–171, pt. I, § 104(c), Sept. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 654; Pub. L. 89–583, pt. I, § 104(b), Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 798; Pub. L. 90–137, pt. I, § 104(b), Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 451, contained gen- eral provisions concerning foreign investment guaran- ties, prior to the general reorganization of this subpart by Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 807. AMENDMENTS 1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–513 substituted ‘‘1992’’ for ‘‘1991’’. Pub. L. 101–302 substituted ‘‘$2,558,000,000’’ for ‘‘$2,158,000,000’’. 1989—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–167 substituted ‘‘1991’’ for ‘‘1990’’. 1987—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–202 substituted ‘‘1990’’ for ‘‘1988’’. 1985—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–83, § 313(a), (b), sub- stituted ‘‘$2,158,000,000’’ for ‘‘$1,958,000,000’’ and ‘‘1988’’ for ‘‘1986’’. Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 99–83, § 313(c), added subsec. (k). 1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–473 substituted ‘‘$1,958,000,000’’ for ‘‘$1,718,000,000’’ and ‘‘1986’’ for ‘‘1984’’. 1981—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–113 increased limitation on total principal amount of outstanding guarantees to $1,718,000,000 from $1,555,000,000 and extended termi- nation date for exercise of guarantee authority to Sept. 30, 1984, from Sept. 30, 1982. 1979—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–53 substituted ‘‘$1,555,000,000’’ for ‘‘$1,180,000,000’’, and ‘‘through Sep- tember 30, 1982’’ for ‘‘until September 30, 1980’’. 1978—Pub. L. 95–424 amended section generally to pro- vide a new consolidated section which provides a single authorization for the worldwide housing guarantee pro- gram, a new list of the types of programs to be empha- sized, increased the worldwide authorization to $1,180,000,000, and encourages officials and governments in developing countries to consider the use of solar en- ergy in housing projects. 1977—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–88 inserted ‘‘or under sec- tion 2181 of this title’’ after ‘‘Latin American housing guaranty authority repealed by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969’’ and substituted ‘‘$1,030,000,000’’ for ‘‘$600,000,000’’. 1975—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–161 substituted ‘‘$600,000,000’’ for ‘‘$550,000,000’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1985 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 99–83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as a note under sec- tion 2151–1 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96–53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title. Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title. § 2182a. Agricultural and productive credit and self-help community development programs (a) Financing pilot programs; scope It is the sense of the Congress that in order to stimulate the participation of the private sector in the economic development of less-developed countries, the authority conferred by this sec- tion should be used to establish pilot programs to encourage private banks, credit institutions, similar private lending organizations, coopera- tives, and private nonprofit development organi- zations to make loans on reasonable terms to organized groups and individuals residing in a community for the purpose of enabling such groups and individuals to carry out agricultural credit and self-help community development projects for which they are unable to obtain fi- nancial assistance on reasonable terms. Agricul- tural credit and assistance for self-help commu- nity development projects should include, but not be limited to, material and such projects as wells, pumps, farm machinery, improved seed, fertilizer, pesticides, vocational training, food industry development, nutrition projects, im- proved breeding stock for farm animals, sanita- tion facilities, and looms and other handicraft aids.