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22 U.S.C. § 2181 — Policy
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress recognizes that shelter, including essential urban development services, is among the most fundamental of human needs. Shelter for most people in the developing countries consists largely of domestic materials assembled by local labor. While recognizing that most financing for such shelter must come from domestic resources, the Congress finds that carefully designed programs involving United States capital and expertise can increase the availability of domestic financing for improved shelter and related services for low-income people by demonstrating to local entrepreneurs and institutions that providing low-cost shelter can be financially viable. The Congress reaffirms, therefore, that the United States should continue to assist developing countries in marshalling resources for low-cost shelter. Particular attention should be given to programs which will support pilot projects for low-cost shelter or which will have a maximum demonstration impact on local institutions and national policy. The Congress declares that the long run goal of all such programs should be to develop domestic construction capabilities and to stimulate local credit institutions to make available domestic capital and other management and technological resources required for effective low-cost shelter programs and policies.
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-2181-policy--6b02f6a0a9.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 32, § 2181; chapter-032-foreign-assistance.md
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The Congress recognizes that shelter, including essential urban development services, is among the most fundamental of human needs. Shelter for most people in the developing countries consists largely of domestic materials assembled by local labor. While recognizing that most financing for such shelter must come from domestic resources, the Congress finds that carefully designed programs involving United States capital and expertise can increase the availability of domestic financing for improved shelter and related services for low-income people by demonstrating to local entrepreneurs and institutions that providing low-cost shelter can be financially viable. The Congress reaffirms, therefore, that the United States should continue to assist developing countries in marshalling resources for low-cost shelter. Particular attention should be given to programs which will support pilot projects for low-cost shelter or which will have a maximum demonstration impact on local institutions and national policy. The Congress declares that the long run goal of all such programs should be to develop domestic construction capabilities and to stimulate local credit institutions to make available domestic capital and other management and technological resources required for effective low-cost shelter programs and policies.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Guarantees to Export-Import Bank; financial transactions with private sector in Central American countries** In order to enable the Export-Import Bank of the United States (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Bank”) to determine that there exists reasonable assurance of repayment as required under section 2(b)(1)(B) of the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 [[12 U.S.C. 635(b)(1)(B)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section635/b/1/B&num=0&edition=prelim)], the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of this chapter (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Agency”) is authorized to provide guarantees to the Bank for liabilities to be incurred by the Bank in connection with guarantees or insurance provided under the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 [[12 U.S.C. 635](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section635&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] for financing for transactions involving the export of goods and services for the use of the private sector in Central American countries.
**(b) Extent of guarantees; agreements; reserve fund**
(1) Guarantees provided by the Agency pursuant to the authority of subsection (a) shall be for short-term guarantees and insurance extended by the Bank which shall be repayable within a period not to exceed one year from the date of arrival at the port of importation of the goods and services covered by such guarantees or insurance. Guarantees or insurance extended by the Bank and guaranteed by the Agency pursuant to subsection (a) shall be provided by the Bank in accordance with criteria and procedures agreed to by the Agency and the Bank. Such agreement shall also provide for the establishment of a reserve fund by the Agency, with such fu
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2184
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(a) United States development cooperation policy
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2151
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The directors of each Federal Home Loan Bank shall, in accordance with such rules and regulations as the Director may prescribe, make and file with the Director at the earliest practicable date after the establishment of such bank, an organization certificate which shall contain such information as the Director may require. Upon the making and filing of such organization certificate with the Director, such bank shall become, as of the date of the execution of its organization certificate, a body corporate, and as such and in its name as designated by the Director it shall have power to adopt, alter, and use a corporate seal; to make contracts; to purchase or lease and hold or dispose of such real estate as may be necessary or convenient for the transaction of its business; to sue and be sued, to complain and to defend, in any court of competent jurisdiction, State or Federal; to select, employ, and fix the compensation of such officers, employees, attorneys, and agents as shall be necessary for the transaction of its business,; 11 So in original. to define their duties, require bonds of them and fix the penalties thereof, and to dismiss at pleasure such officers, employees, attorneys, and agents; and, by the board of directors of the bank, to prescribe, amend, and repeal by-laws governing the manner in which its affairs may be administered, consistent with applicable laws and regulations, as administered by the Director. No officer, employee, attorney, or agent of a Federal home loan bank who receives compensation, may be a member of the board of directors. Each such bank shall have all such incidental powers, not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter, as are customary and usual in corporations generally.
**(b)** Subject to such regulations as may be
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 1432
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** In order to provide thrift institutions for the deposit of funds and for the extension of credit for homes and other goods and services, the Comptroller of the Currency is authorized, under such regulations as the Comptroller of the Currency may prescribe—
(1) to provide for the organization, incorporation, examination, operation, and regulation of associations to be known as Federal savings associations (including Federal savings banks), and
(2) to issue charters therefor,
giving primary consideration of the best practices of thrift institutions in the United States. The lending and investment powers conferred by this section are intended to encourage such institutions to provide credit for housing safely and soundly.
**(b) Deposits and related powers**
(1) **Deposit accounts**
(A) Subject to the terms of its charter and regulations of the Comptroller of the Currency, a Federal savings association may—
(i) raise funds through such deposit, share, or other accounts, including demand deposit accounts (hereafter in this section referred to as “accounts”); and
(ii) issue passbooks, certificates, or other evidence of accounts.
(B) A Federal savings association may not permit any overdraft (including an intraday overdraft) on behalf of an affiliate, or incur any such overdraft in such savings association’s account at a Federal reserve bank or Federal home loan bank on behalf of an affiliate.All savings accounts and demand accounts shall have the same priority upon liquidation. Holders of accounts and obligors of a Federal savings association shall, to such extent as may be provided by its charter or by regulations of the Comptroller of the Currency, be members of the savings association, and shall have such voting rights and such other
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 1464
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorization to issue guarantees to eligible investors** To carry out the policy of [section 2181 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2181&num=0&edition=prelim), the President is authorized to issue guaranties to eligible investors (as defined in section 2198(c) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title) assuring against losses incurred in connection with loans made for projects meeting the criteria set forth in [section 2181 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2181&num=0&edition=prelim). The total principal amount of guaranties issued under this subpart or heretofore issued under prior housing guaranty authorities, which are outstanding at any one time, shall not exceed $2,558,000,000. The authority of this section shall continue through September 30, 1992. The President may issue regulations from time to time with regard to the terms and conditions upon which such guaranties shall be issued and the eligibility of lenders.
**(b) Emphasis on certain activities** Activities carried out under this section shall emphasize—
(1) projects which provide improved home sites to poor families on which to build shelter, and related services;
(2) projects comprised of expandable core shelter units on serviced sites;
(3) slum upgrading projects designed to conserve and improve existing shelter;
(4) shelter projects for low-income people designed for demonstration or institution building purposes; and
(5) community facilities and services in support of projects authorized under this section to improve the shelter occupied by the poor.
**(c) Use of solar energy technology** In issuing guaranties under this section with respect to projects in a country w
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2182
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) Repealed. Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, § 734(a)(5), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1560.
(2) The Secretary of State shall transmit to such committees a copy of the text of any agreement with any foreign government which would result in any such debt relief no less than thirty days prior to its entry into force, together with a detailed justification of the interest of the United States in the proposed debt relief. The requirements of this paragraph shall not apply with respect to an agreement if a statutory requirement exists that the amount of the debt relief provided by the agreement may not exceed the amount approved for such purposes in advance in an appropriation Act.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2395a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 667
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2181
conditions as the President deems appropriate
to insure, among other things, that all informa-
tion, products, uses, processes, patents, and
other developments obtained or utilized in the
development of this prototype plant will be
available without further cost to the United
States for the use and benefit of the United
States throughout the world, and to insure that
the United States, its officers, and employees
have a permanent right to review data and have
access to such plant for the purpose of observing
its operations and improving science and tech-
nology in the field of desalination.
(c) Contracts
In carrying out the provisions of this section,
the President may enter into contracts with
public or private agencies and with any person
without regard to section 3324(a) and (b) of title
31 and section 6101 of title 41.
(d) Patents
Nothing in this section shall be construed as
intending to deprive the owner of any back-
ground patent or any right which such owner
may have under that patent.
(e) Federal agencies
In carrying out the provisions of this section,
the President may utilize the personnel, serv-
ices, and facilities of any Federal agency.
(f) Authorization of appropriations
The United States costs, other than its admin-
istrative costs, for the study, design, construc-
tion, and operation of a prototype plant under
this section shall not exceed either 50 per cen-
tum of the total capital costs of the facilities as-
sociated with the production of water, and 50 per
centum of the operation and maintenance costs
for the demonstration period, or $20,000,000,
whichever is less. There are authorized to be ap-
propriated, subject to the limitations of this
subsection, such sums
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2181
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