22 U.S.C. § 2227 — Withholding of United States propor-

Page 707 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2227 Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1977—Pub. L. 95–88 inserted request that President, in making United States contributions, take into account the progress, or lack of progress, of organizations in adopting and implementing policies and practices which encourage and promote the integration of women into the national economies of member and recipient countries, and into professional and policy-making po- sitions within such organizations, in accordance with the World Plan of Action of the Decade for Women. 1975—Pub. L. 94–161 corrected the credit to read ‘‘pt. I’’ rather than ‘‘pt. III’’. Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title. § 2226. Reports on international organizations The annual reports to the Congress under sec- tion 262a of this title, shall be submitted within nine months after the end of the fiscal year to which they relate. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 306, as added Pub. L. 96–533, title VII, § 703, Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3157; amended Pub. L. 105–362, title XIII, § 1301(b), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3293.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1998—Pub. L. 105–362 struck out subsec. (a) designa- tion and struck out subsec. (b) which related to Presi- dent’s semiannual reports to Congress concerning vol- untary contributions by United States Government to international organizations. § 2227. Withholding of United States propor- tionate share for certain programs of inter- national organizations (a) Covered programs Notwithstanding any other provision of law, none of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this part shall be available for the United States proportionate share for programs for Burma, North Korea, Syria, Iran, Cuba, or the Palestine Liberation Organization or for projects whose purpose is to provide benefits to the Palestine Liberation Organization or enti- ties associated with it, or at the discretion of the President, Communist countries listed in section 2370(f) of this title. (b) Review and report by Secretary of State The Secretary of State— (1) shall review, at least annually, the budg- ets and accounts of all international organiza- tions receiving payments of any funds author- ized to be appropriated by this part; and (2) shall report to the appropriate commit- tees of the Congress the amounts of funds ex- pended by each such organization for the pur- poses described in subsection (a) and the amount contributed by the United States to each such organization. (c) Exceptions (1) Subject to paragraph (2), the limitations of subsection (a) shall not apply to contributions to the International Atomic Energy Agency or the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), with respect to funds authorized to be appro- priated by this part and available for the Inter- national Atomic Energy Agency, the limitations of subsection (a) shall apply to programs or projects of such Agency in Cuba. (B)(i) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to programs or projects of the Inter- national Atomic Energy Agency that provide for the discontinuation, dismantling, or safety in- spection of nuclear facilities or related mate- rials, or for inspections and similar activities designed to prevent the development of nuclear weapons by a country described in subsection (a). (ii) Clause (i) shall not apply with respect to the Juragua Nuclear Power Plant near Cien- fuegos, Cuba, or the Pedro Pi Nuclear Research Center unless Cuba— (I) ratifies the Treaty on the Non-Prolifera- tion of Nuclear Weapons (21 UST 483) or the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (commonly known as the Treaty of Tlatelolco); (II) negotiates full-scope safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency not later than two years after ratification by Cuba of such Treaty; and (III) incorporates internationally accepted nuclear safety standards. (d) Programs and projects of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Iran (1) Notwithstanding subsection (c), if the Sec- retary of State determines that programs and projects of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Iran are inconsistent with United States nuclear nonproliferation and safety goals, will provide Iran with training or exper- tise relevant to the development of nuclear weapons, or are being used as a cover for the ac- quisition of sensitive nuclear technology, the limitations of subsection (a) shall apply to such programs and projects, and the Secretary of State shall so notify the appropriate congres- sional committees (as defined in section 3 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003). (2) A determination made by the Secretary of State under paragraph (1) shall be effective for the 1-year period beginning on the date of the determination. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 307, as added Pub. L. 99–83, title IV, § 403, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 219; amended Pub. L. 103–236, title IV, § 431(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 459; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(d) [title V, § 516], div. G, subdiv. B, title XXVIII, § 2809(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–150, 2681–174, 2681–849; Pub. L. 107–228, div. B, title XIII, § 1342, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1451; Pub. L. 109–13, div. A, title II, § 2101, May 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 266; Pub. L. 110–161, div. J, title VI, § 616, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2320.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 3 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), is section 3 of Pub. L. 107–228, which is set out as a note under section 2651 of this title. Page 708 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2228 AMENDMENTS 2007—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–161 struck out ‘‘Libya,’’ after ‘‘Syria,’’. 2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–13 struck out ‘‘Iraq,’’ after ‘‘Burma,’’. 2002—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–228 added subsec. (d). 1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, § 101(d) [title V, § 516], inserted before period at end ‘‘, or at the discre- tion of the President, Communist countries listed in section 2370(f) of this title’’. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, § 2809(a), designated exist- ing provisions as par. (1), substituted ‘‘Subject to para- graph (2), the limitations’’ for ‘‘The limitations’’, and added par. (2). 1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–236, § 431(a)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘Burma, Iraq, North Korea, Syria’’ for ‘‘the South-West Africa People’s Organization’’. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–236, § 431(a)(2), added subsec. (c). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE Section effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99–83, set out as an Effective Date of 1985 Amend- ment note under section 2151–1 of this title. Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title. § 2228. International Muslim Youth Opportunity Fund (a) Purpose The purpose of this section is to strengthen the public educational systems in predomi- nantly Muslim countries by— (1) authorizing the establishment of an International Muslim Youth Educational Fund through which the United States dedi- cates resources, either through a separate fund or through an international organization, to assist those countries that commit to edu- cation reform; and (2) providing resources for the Fund and to the President to help strengthen the public educational systems in those countries. (b) Establishment of Fund (1) Authority The President is authorized to establish an International Muslim Youth Opportunity Fund and to carry out programs consistent with paragraph (4) under existing authorities, including the Mutual Educational and Cul- tural Exchange Act of 1961 (commonly referred to as the ‘‘Fulbright-Hays Act’’) [22 U.S.C. 2451 et seq.]. (2) Location The Fund may be established— (A) as a separate fund in the Treasury; or (B) through an international organization or international financial institution, such as the United Nations Educational, Science and Cultural Organization, the United Na- tions Development Program, or the Inter- national Bank for Reconstruction and Devel- opment. (3) Transfers and receipts The head of any department, agency, or in- strumentality of the United States Govern- ment may transfer any amount to the Fund, and the Fund may receive funds from private enterprises, foreign countries, or other enti- ties. (4) Activities of the Fund The Fund shall support programs described in this paragraph to improve the education en- vironment in predominantly Muslim coun- tries. (A) Assistance to enhance modern edu- cational programs (i) The establishment in predominantly Muslim countries of a program of reform to create a modern education curriculum in the public educational systems in such coun- tries. (ii) The establishment or modernization of educational materials to advance a modern educational curriculum in such systems. (iii) Teaching English to adults and chil- dren. (iv) The enhancement in predominantly Muslim countries of community, family, and student participation in the formulation and implementation of education strategies and programs in such countries. (B) Assistance for training and exchange pro- grams for teachers, administrators, and students (i) The establishment of training programs for teachers and educational administrators to enhance skills, including the establish- ment of regional centers to train individuals who can transfer such skills upon return to their countries. (ii) The establishment of exchange pro- grams for teachers and administrators in predominantly Muslim countries and with other countries to stimulate additional ideas and reform throughout the world, including teacher training exchange programs focused on primary school teachers in such coun- tries. (iii) The establishment of exchange pro- grams for primary and secondary students in predominantly Muslim countries and with other countries to foster understanding and tolerance and to stimulate long-standing re- lationships. (C) Assistance targeting primary and sec- ondary students (i) The establishment in predominantly Muslim countries of after-school programs, civic education programs, and education programs focusing on life skills, such as inter-personal skills and social relations and skills for healthy living, such as nutrition and physical fitness. (ii) The establishment in predominantly Muslim countries of programs to improve the proficiency of primary and secondary students in information technology skills. (D) Assistance for development of youth pro- fessionals (i) The establishment of programs in pre- dominantly Muslim countries to improve vo-