22 U.S.C. § 2451 — Congressional statement of purpose

Page 959 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2451 69 F.R. 41901, set out as a note under section 1738 of Title 7, Agriculture. § 2431k. Annual reports to Congress Not later than April 15 of each year, the Presi- dent shall prepare and transmit to the Congress an annual report concerning the operation of the Facility for the prior calendar year. Such re- port shall include— (1) a description of the activities undertaken by the Facility during the previous calendar year; (2) a description of any Agreement entered into under this subchapter; (3) a report on any Funds that have been es- tablished under this subchapter and on the op- erations of such Funds; and (4) a description of any grants that have been provided by administering bodies pursu- ant to Agreements under this subchapter. (Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 813, as added Pub. L. 105–214, § 1, July 29, 1998, 112 Stat. 893; amended Pub. L. 115–440, § 10, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5584.) Editorial Notes PRIOR PROVISIONS Prior sections 2432 to 2435 were repealed by Pub. L. 94–329, title IV, § 413(a), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 761. Section 2432, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 802, as added Pub. L. 93–189, § 24, Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 728, authorized ap- propriation of $504,000,000 for fiscal year 1974 to remain available until expended for relief and reconstruction of South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. Section 2433, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 803, as added Pub. L. 93–189, § 24, Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 728, provided for as- sistance to South Vietnamese children. Section 2434, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 804, as added Pub. L. 93–189, § 24, Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 729, made provision for assistance to the Center for Plastic and Reconstruc- tive Surgery in Saigon. Section 2435, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 806, as added Pub. L. 93–559, § 41, Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1812, directed that provisions covering special programs for relief of South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos not apply to programs related to population growth, narcotics control, hu- manitarian programs by international organizations, and regional programs. AMENDMENTS 2019—Pub. L. 115–440 struck out subsec. (a) designa- tion and heading, substituted ‘‘April 15’’ for ‘‘December 31’’ and, in two places, ‘‘calendar year’’ for ‘‘fiscal year’’, and struck out subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text of subsec. (b) read as follows: ‘‘Not later than De- cember 15 of each year, each member of the Board shall be entitled to receive a copy of the report required under subsection (a). Each member of the Board may prepare and submit supplemental views to the Presi- dent on the implementation of this subchapter by De- cember 31 for inclusion in the annual report when it is transmitted to Congress pursuant to this section.’’ Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS For delegation of functions of President under this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12163, Sept. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 56673, as amended, set out as a note under section 2381 of this title. For delegation of functions of President under this section, see section 2 of Ex. Ord. No. 13345, July 8, 2004, 69 F.R. 41901, set out as a note under section 1738 of Title 7, Agriculture. SUBCHAPTER V—MIDDLE EAST ASSISTANCE §§ 2441 to 2443. Repealed. Pub. L. 95–384, § 12(c)(4), Sept. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 737 Section 2441, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. VI, § 901, as added Pub. L. 93–559, § 42, Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1812; amended Pub. L. 94–329, title IV, § 401, June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 756, re- lated to Congressional statement of policy with regard to Middle East assistance. Section 2442, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. VI, § 902, as added Pub. L. 93–559, § 42, Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1812, related to allo- cations of funds with regard to Middle East assistance. Section 2443, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. VI, § 903, as added Pub. L. 93–559, § 42, Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1812; amended Pub. L. 94–329, title V, § 502, June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 763; Pub. L. 95–92, § 13, Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 621, related to a spe- cial requirements fund with regard to Middle East as- sistance. CHAPTER 33—MUTUAL EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM Sec. 2451. Congressional statement of purpose. 2451a. Repealed. 2452. Authorization of activities. 2452a. Exchange program with countries in transi- tion from totalitarianism to democracy. 2452b. International expositions. 2452c. Program to provide grants to American-spon- sored schools in predominantly Muslim countries to provide scholarships. 2453. Agreements with foreign governments and international organizations. 2454. Administration. 2455. Appropriations. 2456. J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board. 2457. Reports by Board. 2458. Authority of President. 2458a. Federal employee participation in cultural exchange programs. 2459. Immunity from seizure under judicial process of cultural objects imported for temporary exhibition or display. 2460. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. 2461. Exchanges between United States and inde- pendent states of the former Soviet Union. 2462. Establishment of grant program for foreign study by American college students of lim- ited financial means. 2463. Allocation of funds transferred to the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. 2464. Ethical issues in international health re- search. 2465. John Lewis Civil Rights Fellowship Program. § 2451. Congressional statement of purpose The purpose of this chapter is to enable the Government of the United States to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries by means of educational and cultural exchange; to strengthen the ties which unite us with other nations by demonstrating the educational and cultural interests, developments, and achieve- ments of the people of the United States and other nations, and the contributions being made toward a peaceful and more fruitful life for peo- ple throughout the world; to promote inter- national cooperation for educational and cul- tural advancement; and thus to assist in the de- velopment of friendly, sympathetic, and peace- ful relations between the United States and the other countries of the world. Page 960 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2451a (Pub. L. 87–256, § 101, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 527.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 87–256, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 527, known as the Mutual Educational and Cul- tural Exchange Act of 1961. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 87–256, § 1, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 527, provided: ‘‘That this Act [enacting this chapter, amending sec- tions 1101, 1182 and 1258 of Title 8, Aliens and Nation- ality, sections 117, 871, 872, 1441, 3121, 3306, 3401 and 3402 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and section 410 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing sec- tions 1431(2), 1434, 1439, 1440, 1446, 1448, 1466 to 1468 and 1991 to 2001 of this title, sections 222 to 224 of Title 20, Education, and former section 1641(b)(2) of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense, and en- acting provisions set out as notes under this section and under sections 117, 1441, 3121 and 3401 of Title 26] may be cited as the ‘Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961’.’’ Pub. L. 87–256 is also popularly known as the ‘‘Ful- bright-Hays Act’’. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS Functions vested in President, Secretary of State, Department of State, United States Information Agen- cy or Director thereof under this chapter transferred to Director of International Communication Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, § 7(a)(2), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637, set out under section 1461 of this title, effective on or before July 1, 1978, at such time as specified by President, except (A) for such functions as are vested by sections 2452(b)(6), (10), 2454(a), (e)(1), (2), (f), (g), 2455(a), (b), (c), 2456(a) and 2458 of this title, (B) for such functions as are vested by sections 2454(b), 2455(d)(2), (f), and 2456(d), (f) of this title, to extent that such functions were assigned to Secretary of Health, Edu- cation, and Welfare [now Secretary of Education] im- mediately prior to effective date of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, and (C) for such functions as are vested by section 2456(b), (c) of this title to extent that any such function therein is vested in President or Secretary of State. International Communication Agency, and Director thereof, redesignated United States Information Agen- cy, and Director thereof, by section 303 of Pub. L. 97–241, title III, Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291, set out as a note under section 1461 of this title. United States In- formation Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title. References to United States Information Agency or International Communication Agency deemed to refer to Department of State, see section 6551 of this title. EXPANSION OF UNITED STATES SCHOLARSHIP AND EXCHANGE PROGRAMS IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, § 7112, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3796, provided that: ‘‘(a) FINDINGS.—Consistent with the report of the Na- tional Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, Congress makes the following findings: ‘‘(1) Exchange, scholarship, and library programs are effective ways for the United States Government to promote internationally the values and ideals of the United States. ‘‘(2) Exchange, scholarship, and library programs can expose young people from other countries to United States values and offer them knowledge and hope. ‘‘(b) DECLARATION OF POLICY.—Consistent with the re- port of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, Congress declares that— ‘‘(1) the United States should commit to a long- term and sustainable investment in promoting en- gagement with people of all levels of society in coun- tries with predominantly Muslim populations, par- ticularly with youth and those who influence youth; ‘‘(2) such an investment should make use of the tal- ents and resources in the private sector and should include programs to increase the number of people who can be exposed to the United States and its fun- damental ideas and values in order to dispel mis- conceptions; and ‘‘(3) such programs should include youth exchange programs, young ambassadors programs, inter- national visitor programs, academic and cultural ex- change programs, American Corner programs, library programs, journalist exchange programs, sister city programs, and other programs related to people-to- people diplomacy. ‘‘(c) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that the United States should significantly increase its investment in the people-to-people programs described in subsection (b). ‘‘(d) AUTHORITY TO EXPAND EDUCATIONAL AND CUL- TURAL EXCHANGES.—The President is authorized to sub- stantially expand the exchange, scholarship, and li- brary programs of the United States, especially such programs that benefit people in the Muslim world. ‘‘(e) AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS.—Of the amounts author- ized to be appropriated in each of the fiscal years 2005 and 2006 for educational and cultural exchange pro- grams, there shall be available to the Secretary of State such sums as may be necessary to carry out pro- grams under this section, unless otherwise authorized by Congress.’’ ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON CULTURAL DIPLOMACY Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title II, § 224, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1368, provided for the establishment of an advi- sory committee on cultural diplomacy to advise the Secretary of State on programs and policies to advance the use of cultural diplomacy in United States foreign policy and for the termination of the committee on Sept. 30, 2005. CONTINUATION OF CERTAIN EXECUTIVE ORDERS, AGREE- MENTS, DETERMINATIONS, REGULATIONS, CONTRACTS, APPOINTMENTS, AND OTHER ACTIONS Pub. L. 87–256, § 111(b), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538, pro- vided that: ‘‘All Executive orders, agreements, deter- minations, regulations, contracts, appointments, and other actions issued, concluded, or taken under author- ity of any provisions of law repealed by subsection (a) of this section [repealing sections 1431(2), 1434, 1439, 1440, 1446, 1448, 1466 to 1468, and 1991 to 2001 of this title, sections 222 to 224 of Title 20, Education, and former section 1641(b)(2) of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense] shall continue in full force and effect, and shall be applicable to the appropriate provisions of this Act [this chapter] until modified or superseded by appropriate authority.’’ REFERENCES IN OTHER LAWS TO REPEALED PROVISIONS Pub. L. 87–256, § 111(c), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538, pro- vided that: ‘‘Any reference in any other Act to the pro- visions of law listed in subsection (a) [repealing sec- tions 1431(2), 1434, 1439, 1440, 1446, 1448, 1466 to 1468, and 1991 to 2001 of this title, sections 222 to 224 of Title 20, Education, and former section 1641(b)(2) of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense] shall hereafter be considered to be references to the appro- priate provisions of this Act [this chapter].’’ § 2451a. Repealed. Pub. L. 91–269, § 7, May 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 272 Section, Pub. L. 89–685, § 8, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 974, required registration of international fair, exposition,