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22 U.S.C. § 2451 — Congressional statement of purpose
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purpose of this chapter is to enable the Government of the United States to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries by means of educational and cultural exchange; to strengthen the ties which unite us with other nations by demonstrating the educational and cultural interests, developments, and achievements of the people of the United States and other nations, and the contributions being made toward a peaceful and more fruitful life for people throughout the world; to promote international cooperation for educational and cultural advancement; and thus to assist in the development of friendly, sympathetic, and peaceful relations between the United States and the other countries of the world.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2451
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_b214949e6283815c84a63dd0
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-2451-congressional-statement-of-purpose--f142cbc34e.md
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Passage SHA-256: 99661fc96746b54d6d6f46a40b5c55e33ba1d795af4e215eac4f6f023a30ff60
Source location: Title 22, Chapter 33, § 2451; chapter-033-mutual-educational-and-cultural-exchange-program.md
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The purpose of this chapter is to enable the Government of the United States to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries by means of educational and cultural exchange; to strengthen the ties which unite us with other nations by demonstrating the educational and cultural interests, developments, and achievements of the people of the United States and other nations, and the contributions being made toward a peaceful and more fruitful life for people throughout the world; to promote international cooperation for educational and cultural advancement; and thus to assist in the development of friendly, sympathetic, and peaceful relations between the United States and the other countries of the world.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Dissemination of information abroad** The Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors are authorized to use funds appropriated or otherwise made available for public diplomacy information programs to provide for the preparation, dissemination, and use of information intended for foreign audiences abroad about the United States, its people, and its policies, through press, publications, radio, motion pictures, the Internet, and other information media, including social media, and through information centers, instructors, and other direct or indirect means of communication.
**(b) Dissemination of information within the United States**
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors may, upon request and reimbursement of the reasonable costs incurred in fulfilling such a request, make available, in the United States, motion pictures, films, video, audio, and other materials disseminated abroad pursuant to this chapter, the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 ([22 U.S.C. 6201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act ([22 U.S.C. 1465](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1465&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), or the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act ([22 U.S.C. 1465aa](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1465aa&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.). Any reimbursement pursuant to this paragraph shall be credited to the applicable appropriation account of the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors, as appropriate. The Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall issue necessary regulations—
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 1461
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this subchapter—
**(a) Employment** The term “employment” means any service performed after 1936 and prior to 1951 which was employment for the purposes of this subchapter under the law applicable to the period in which such service was performed, and any service, of whatever nature, performed after 1950 (A) by an employee for the person employing him, irrespective of the citizenship or residence of either, (i) within the United States, or (ii) on or in connection with an American vessel or American aircraft under a contract of service which is entered into within the United States or during the performance of which and while the employee is employed on the vessel or aircraft it touches at a port in the United States, if the employee is employed on and in connection with such vessel or aircraft when outside the United States, or (B) outside the United States by a citizen or resident of the United States as an employee (i) of an American employer (as defined in subsection (e) of this section), or (ii) of a foreign affiliate (as defined in section 3121(l)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) of an American employer during any period for which there is in effect an agreement, entered into pursuant to section 3121(l) of such Code, with respect to such affiliate, or (C) if it is service, regardless of where or by whom performed, which is designated as employment or recognized as equivalent to employment under an agreement entered into under [section 433 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section433&num=0&edition=prelim); except that, in the case of service performed after 1950, such term shall not include—
(1) Service performed by foreign agricultural workers lawfully admitted to the United States fro
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 410
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, any reference in any statute, reorganization plan, Executive order, regulation, agreement, determination, or other official document or proceeding to—
(1) the Director of the United States Information Agency or the Director of the International Communication Agency shall be deemed to refer to the Secretary of State; and
(2) the United States Information Agency, USIA, or the International Communication Agency shall be deemed to refer to the Department of State.
**(b) Continuing references to USIA or Director** Subsection (a) shall not apply to section 4069a(f), 4069b(g), or 4069c(f) of this title.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6551
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) **In general** — Except as provided in paragraph (4) and not later than 60 days after September 14, 2007, and at annual intervals thereafter, the Select Committee on Ethics shall develop and revise, as necessary—
(A) guidelines, for purposes of implementing the amendments made by subsection (a),11 See References in Text note below. on evaluating a trip proposal and judging the reasonableness of an expense or expenditure, including guidelines related to evaluating—
(i) the stated mission of the organization sponsoring the trip;
(ii) the organization’s prior history of sponsoring congressional trips, if any;
(iii) other educational activities performed by the organization besides sponsoring congressional trips;
(iv) whether any trips previously sponsored by the organization led to an investigation by the Select Committee on Ethics;
(v) whether the length of the trip and the itinerary is consistent with the official purpose of the trip;
(vi) whether there is an adequate connection between a trip and official duties;
(vii) the reasonableness of an amount spent by a sponsor of the trip;
(viii) whether there is a direct and immediate relationship between a source of funding and an event; and
(ix) any other factor deemed relevant by the Select Committee on Ethics; and
(B) regulations describing the information it will require individuals subject to the requirements of the amendments made by subsection (a) 1 to submit to the committee in order to obtain the prior approval of the committee for travel under paragraph 2 of rule XXXV of the Standing Rules of the Senate, including any required certifications.
(2) **Consideration** — In developing and revising guidelines under paragraph (1)(A), the committee shall take into acco
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 4726
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Sections, act Aug. 24, 1949, ch. 505, §§ 1–3, 63 Stat. 630, authorized the creation of a special deposit account for sums due or paid by the Republic of Finland to the United States as interest on or in retirement of the principal of the debt incurred under the act of Feb. 25, 1919, as refunded by the agreement dated May 1, 1923, pursuant to authority contained in sections 805 to 809 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, or of any other indebtedness incurred by Finland and owing to the United States as a result of World War I, provided for the use of such fund for exchange of students, professors, etc., for the interchange of books and technical equipment, and for disbursements from the account. See section 2451 et seq. of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, particularly section 2455.
#### Continuation of Certain Executive Orders, Agreements, Determinations, Regulations, Contracts, Appointments, and Other Actions
Continuation in full force and effect, and applicability to the appropriate provisions of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, set out in section 2451 et seq. of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, until modified or superseded by appropriate authority, of all Executive orders, agreements, determinations, regulations, contracts, appointments, and other actions issued, concluded, or taken under authority of these sections, see section 111(b) of Pub. L. 87–256, set out as a note under [section 2451 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2451&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 222 to 224
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress declares that the objectives of this chapter are to enable the Government of the United States to promote a better understanding of the United States in other countries, and to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries. Among the means to be used in achieving these objectives are—
(1) an information service to disseminate abroad information about the United States, its people, and policies promulgated by the Congress, the President, the Secretary of State and other responsible officials of Government having to do with matters affecting foreign affairs;
(2) Repealed. Pub. L. 87–256, § 111(a)(2), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 1431
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, acts Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title II, § 201, 62 Stat. 7; June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title IV, § 402(f), 66 Stat. 276; June 4, 1956, ch. 356, 70 Stat. 241, authorized the interchange of persons on a reciprocal basis between the United States and other countries, provided for orientation courses, admission as nonimmigrant visitors, deportation, and eligibility requirements for reentry under changed status. See section 2451 et seq. of this title.
#### Continuation of Certain Executive Orders, Agreements, Determinations, Regulations, Contracts, Appointments, and Other Actions
Continuation in full force and effect, and applicability to the appropriate provisions of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, set out as section 2451 et seq. of this title, until modified or superseded by appropriate authority, of all Executive orders, agreements, determinations, regulations, contracts, appointments, and other actions issued, concluded, or taken under authority of this section, see section 111(b) of Pub. L. 87–256, set out as a note under [section 2451 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2451&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 1446
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary is authorized to provide for assistance to schools,11 See Partial Repeal note below. libraries, and community centers abroad, founded or sponsored by citizens of the United States, and serving as demonstration centers for methods and practices employed in the United States. In assisting any such schools, however, the Secretary shall exercise no control over their educational policies and shall in no case furnish assistance of any character which is not in keeping with the free democratic principles and the established foreign policy of the United States.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 1448
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** No funds authorized to be appropriated to the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall be used to influence public opinion in the United States. This section shall apply only to programs carried out pursuant to the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 ([22 U.S.C. 1431](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1431&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 ([22 U.S.C. 6201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act ([22 U.S.C. 1465](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1465&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), and the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act ([22 U.S.C. 1465aa](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1465aa&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.). This section shall not prohibit or delay the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors from providing information about its operations, policies, programs, or program material, or making such available, to the media, public, or Congress, in accordance with other applicable law.
**(b) Rule of construction** Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors from engaging in any medium or form of communication, either directly or indirectly, because a United States domestic audience is or may be thereby exposed to program material, or based on a presumption of such exposure. Such material may be made available within the United States and disseminated, when appropriate, pursuant to sections 502 and 1005 of the United State
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 1461–1a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The exchange allowances or proceeds derived from the exchange or sale of passenger motor vehicles used abroad for purposes of this chapter or the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 [[22 U.S.C. 2451](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2451&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] shall be available without fiscal year limitation for replacement of an equal number of such vehicles in accordance with [section 503 of title 40](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title40-section503&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 1475a
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