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22 U.S.C. § 1461–1a — Clarification on domestic distribution of program material

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1461–1a — Clarification on domestic distribution of program material

**(a) In general** No funds authorized to be appropriated to the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall be used to influence public opinion in the United States. This section shall apply only to programs carried out pursuant to the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 ([22 U.S.C. 1431](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1431&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 ([22 U.S.C. 6201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act ([22 U.S.C. 1465](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1465&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), and the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act ([22 U.S.C. 1465aa](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1465aa&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.). This section shall not prohibit or delay the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors from providing information about its operations, policies, programs, or program material, or making such available, to the media, public, or Congress, in accordance with other applicable law. **(b) Rule of construction** Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors from engaging in any medium or form of communication, either directly or indirectly, because a United States domestic audience is or may be thereby exposed to program material, or based on a presumption of such exposure. Such material may be made available within the United States and disseminated, when appropriate, pursuant to sections 502 and 1005 of the United State

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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 18, § 1461–1a; chapter-018-united-states-information-and-educational-exchange-programs.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1461 — General authorization

**(a) Dissemination of information abroad** The Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors are authorized to use funds appropriated or otherwise made available for public diplomacy information programs to provide for the preparation, dissemination, and use of information intended for foreign audiences abroad about the United States, its people, and its policies, through press, publications, radio, motion pictures, the Internet, and other information media, including social media, and through information centers, instructors, and other direct or indirect means of communication. **(b) Dissemination of information within the United States** (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors may, upon request and reimbursement of the reasonable costs incurred in fulfilling such a request, make available, in the United States, motion pictures, films, video, audio, and other materials disseminated abroad pursuant to this chapter, the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 ([22 U.S.C. 6201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act ([22 U.S.C. 1465](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1465&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), or the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act ([22 U.S.C. 1465aa](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1465aa&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.). Any reimbursement pursuant to this paragraph shall be credited to the applicable appropriation account of the Department of State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors, as appropriate. The Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall issue necessary regulations—

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1462 — Policies governing information activities

In authorizing international information activities under this chapter, it is the sense of the Congress (1) that the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall reduce such Government information activities whenever corresponding private information dissemination is found to be adequate; (2) that nothing in this chapter shall be construed to give the Department or the Broadcasting Board of Governors a monopoly in the production or sponsorship on the air of short-wave broadcasting programs, or a monopoly in any other medium of information.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1465aa — Findings and purposes

The Congress finds and declares that— (1) it is the policy of the United States to support the right of the people of Cuba to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers, in accordance with article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; (2) consonant with this policy, television broadcasting to Cuba may be effective in furthering the open communication of accurate information and ideas to the people of Cuba and, in particular, information about Cuba; (3) television broadcasting to Cuba, operated in a manner not inconsistent with the broad foreign policy of the United States and in accordance with high professional standards, would be in the national interest; (4) facilities broadcasting television programming to Cuba must be operated in a manner consistent with applicable regulations of the Federal Communications Commission, and must not affect the quality of domestic broadcast transmission or reception; and (5) that 11 So in original. The word “that” probably should not appear. the Voice of America already broadcasts to Cuba information that represents America, not any single segment of American society, and includes a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant American thought and institutions, but that there is a need for television broadcasts to Cuba which provide news, commentary, and other information about events in Cuba and elsewhere to promote the cause of freedom in Cuba.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1437 — Utilization of private agencies

In carrying out the provisions of this chapter it shall be the duty of the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors to utilize, to the maximum extent practicable, the services and facilities of private agencies, including existing American press, publishing, radio, motion picture, and other agencies, through contractual arrangements or otherwise. It is the intent of Congress that the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall encourage participation in carrying out the purposes of this chapter by the maximum number of different private agencies in each field consistent with the present or potential market for their services in each country.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1465 — Congressional findings and declaration of purposes

The Congress finds and declares— (1) that it is the policy of the United States to support the right of the people of Cuba to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers, in accordance with article 19 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights; (2) that, consonant with this policy, radio broadcasting to Cuba may be effective in furthering the open communication of accurate information and ideas to the people of Cuba, in particular information about Cuba; (3) that such broadcasting to Cuba, operated in a manner not inconsistent with the broad foreign policy of the United States and in accordance with high professional standards, would be in the national interest; and (4) that the Voice of America already broadcasts to Cuba information that represents America, not any single segment of American society, and includes a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant American thought and institutions but that there is a need for broadcasts to Cuba which provide news, commentary and other information about events in Cuba and elsewhere to promote the cause of freedom in Cuba.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1431 — Congressional declaration of objectives

The Congress declares that the objectives of this chapter are to enable the Government of the United States to promote a better understanding of the United States in other countries, and to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries. Among the means to be used in achieving these objectives are— (1) an information service to disseminate abroad information about the United States, its people, and policies promulgated by the Congress, the President, the Secretary of State and other responsible officials of Government having to do with matters affecting foreign affairs; (2) Repealed. Pub. L. 87–256, § 111(a)(2), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2451 — Congressional statement of purpose

The purpose of this chapter is to enable the Government of the United States to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries by means of educational and cultural exchange; to strengthen the ties which unite us with other nations by demonstrating the educational and cultural interests, developments, and achievements of the people of the United States and other nations, and the contributions being made toward a peaceful and more fruitful life for people throughout the world; to promote international cooperation for educational and cultural advancement; and thus to assist in the development of friendly, sympathetic, and peaceful relations between the United States and the other countries of the world.

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22 U.S.C. § 6201 — Congressional findings and declaration of purposes

The Congress makes the following findings and declarations: (1) It is the policy of the United States to promote the right of freedom of opinion and expression, including the freedom “to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers,” in accordance with Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (2) Open communication of information and ideas among the peoples of the world contributes to international peace and stability and the promotion of such communication is in the interests of the United States. (3) It is in the interest of the United States to support broadcasting to other nations consistent with the requirements of this chapter. (4) The continuation of existing United States international broadcasting, and the creation of a new broadcasting service to the people of the People’s Republic of China and other countries of Asia which lack adequate sources of free information, would enhance the promotion of information and ideas, while advancing the goals of United States foreign policy. (5) The reorganization and consolidation of United States international broadcasting will achieve important economies and strengthen the capability of the United States to use broadcasting to support freedom and democracy in a rapidly changing international environment.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1431 — Congressional declaration of objectives

Page 350 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 1431 Sec. 1477a, 1477b. Omitted or Repealed. 1477c. Notification and award of grants. 1478. Reimbursement of program expenses from sources other than appropriations; disposi- tion of receipts. 1479. Advancement of funds, property, or services by foreign governments; disposition; avail- ability; return of unexpended balances or property. 1480. Repealed. SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS § 1431. Congressional declaration of objectives The Congress declares that the objectives of this chapter are to enable the Government of the United States to promote a better under- standing of the United States in other countries, and to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries. Among the means to be used in achieving these objectives are— (1) an information service to disseminate abroad information about the United States, its people, and policies promulgated by the Congress, the President, the Secretary of State and other responsible officials of Gov- ernment having to do with matters affecting foreign affairs; (2) Repealed. Pub. L. 87–256, § 111(a)(2), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538. (Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, title I, § 2, 62 Stat. 6; Pub. L. 87–256, § 111(a)(2), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 1961—Pub. L. 87–256 repealed par. (2) which authorized an educational exchange service to cooperate with other nations in the interchange of persons, knowledge, and skills, in the rendering of technical and other serv- ices, and in the interchange of developments in the field of education, the arts, and sciences. See section 2451 et seq. of this title. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TERMINATION OF CHAPTER Act Ja

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1462 — Policies governing information activities

Page 365 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 1464 ter 15 of title 31, the United States Information Agency is authorized, in making contracts for the use of international shortwave radio sta- tions and facilities, to agree on behalf of the United States to indemnify the owners and oper- ators of said radio stations and facilities from such funds as may be hereafter appropriated for the purpose against loss or damage on account of injury to persons or property arising from such use of said radio stations and facilities. (Pub. L. 95–431, title V, § 501, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1041; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, § 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION ‘‘Sections 1341, 1342, and 1349 to 1351 and subchapter II of chapter 15 of title 31’’ substituted in text for ‘‘sec- tion 3679 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (31 U.S.C. 665)’’ on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, § 4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance. Section was enacted as part of appropriation act, cited as the credit to this section, and not as part of the United States Information and Educational Ex- change Act of 1948 which comprises this chapter. PRIOR PROVISIONS Provisions similar to those in this section were con- tained in the following prior appropriation acts: Aug. 2, 1977, Pub. L. 95–86, title V, 91 Stat. 441. July 14, 1976, Pub. L. 94–362, title V, 90 Stat. 960. Oct. 21, 1975, Pub. L. 94–121, title V, 89 Stat. 639. Oct. 5, 1974, Pub. L. 93–433, title V, 88 Stat. 1207. Nov. 27, 1973, Pub. L. 93–162, title V, 87 Stat. 657. Oct. 25, 1972, Pub. L. 92–544, title V, 86 Stat. 1132. Aug. 10, 1971, Pub. L. 92–77, title V, 85 Stat. 269. Oct. 21, 1970, Pub. L. 91–472, title V, 84 Stat. 1062. Dec.

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