22 U.S.C. § 9501 — Findings

Page 2238 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 9501 1 See References in Text note below. Sec. 9545. Report on Russian Federation influence on elections in Europe and Eurasia. 9546. Ukranian energy security. 9547. Termination. 9548. Appropriate congressional committees de- fined. SUBCHAPTER III—EUROPEAN ENERGY SECURITY AND DIVERSIFICATION 9561. Definitions. 9562. Statement of policy. 9563. Prioritization of efforts and assistance for en- ergy infrastructure projects in Europe and Eurasia. 9564. Progress reports. SUBCHAPTER I—SANCTIONS AND OTHER MEASURES WITH RESPECT TO THE RUS- SIAN FEDERATION § 9501. Findings Congress makes the following findings: (1) On March 6, 2014, President Barack Obama issued Executive Order No. 13660 (79 Fed. Reg. 13493; relating to blocking property of certain persons contributing to the situa- tion in Ukraine), which authorizes the Sec- retary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to impose sanctions on those determined to be undermining demo- cratic processes and institutions in Ukraine or threatening the peace, security, stability, sov- ereignty, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. President Obama subsequently issued Execu- tive Order No. 13661 (79 Fed. Reg. 15535; relat- ing to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine) and Executive Order No. 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16169; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine) to expand sanctions on certain per- sons contributing to the situation in Ukraine. (2) On December 18, 2014, the Ukraine Free- dom Support Act of 2014 was enacted (Public Law 113–272; 22 U.S.C. 8921 et seq.), which in- cludes provisions directing the President to impose sanctions on foreign persons that the President determines to be entities owned or controlled by the Government of the Russian Federation or nationals of the Russian Federa- tion that manufacture, sell, transfer, or other- wise provide certain defense articles into Syria. (3) On April 1, 2015, President Obama issued Executive Order No. 13694 (80 Fed. Reg. 18077; relating to blocking the property of certain persons engaging in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), which authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of State, to impose sanctions on persons deter- mined to be engaged in malicious cyber-hack- ing. (4) On July 26, 2016, President Obama ap- proved a Presidential Policy Directive on United States Cyber Incident Coordination, which states, ‘‘certain cyber incidents that have significant impacts on an entity, our na- tional security, or the broader economy re- quire a unique approach to response efforts’’. (5) On December 29, 2016, President Obama issued an annex to Executive Order No. 13694,1 which authorized sanctions on the following entities and individuals: (A) The Main Intelligence Directorate (also known as Glavnoe Razvedyvatel’noe Upravlenie or the GRU) in Moscow, Russian Federation. (B) The Federal Security Service (also known as Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti or the FSB) in Moscow, Russian Federation. (C) The Special Technology Center (also known as STLC, Ltd. Special Technology Center St. Petersburg) in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. (D) Zorsecurity (also known as Esage Lab) in Moscow, Russian Federation. (E) The autonomous noncommercial orga- nization known as the Professional Associa- tion of Designers of Data Processing Sys- tems (also known as ANO PO KSI) in Mos- cow, Russian Federation. (F) Igor Valentinovich Korobov. (G) Sergey Aleksandrovich Gizunov. (H) Igor Olegovich Kostyukov. (I) Vladimir Stepanovich Alexseyev. (6) On January 6, 2017, an assessment of the United States intelligence community enti- tled, ‘‘Assessing Russian Activities and Inten- tions in Recent U.S. Elections’’ stated, ‘‘Rus- sian President Vladimir Putin ordered an in- fluence campaign in 2016 aimed at the United States presidential election.’’ The assessment warns that ‘‘Moscow will apply lessons learned from its Putin-ordered campaign aimed at the U.S. Presidential election to future influence efforts worldwide, including against U.S. allies and their election processes’’. (Pub. L. 115–44, title II, § 211, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 898.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Executive Order No. 13660, referred to in par. (1), is Ex. Ord. No. 13660, Mar. 6, 2014, 79 F.R. 13493, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. Executive Order No. 13661, referred to in par. (1), is Ex. Ord. No. 13661, Mar. 16, 2014, 79 F.R. 15535, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. Executive Order No. 13662, referred to in par. (1), is Ex. Ord. No. 13662, Mar. 20, 2014, 79 F.R. 16169, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. The Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014, referred to in par. (2), is Pub. L. 113–272, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2952, which is classified generally to chapter 96A (§ 8921 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under sec- tion 8921 of this title and Tables. Executive Order No. 13694, referred to in par. (3), is Ex. Ord. No. 13694, Apr. 1, 2015, 80 F.R. 18077, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. The annex to Executive Order No. 13694, referred to in par. (5), probably means Ex. Ord. No. 13757, §§ 1–3, Dec. 28, 2016, 82 F.R. 1, 2, which amended Ex. Ord. No. 13694. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 116–94, div. P, title XX, § 2001, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3222, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting sub- Page 2239 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 9511 1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘United States’’. chapter III of this chapter and amending sections 2421 and 9543 of this title] may be cited as the ‘European En- ergy Security and Diversification Act of 2019’.’’ Pub. L. 115–44, title II, § 201, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 898, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting this chapter and sections 8909 and 8910 of this title, amending sections 8901, 8907, 8908, 8923, and 8924 of this title, section 5326 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and section 3021 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under this section and section 3021 of Title 50] may be cited as the ‘Countering Rus- sian Influence in Europe and Eurasia Act of 2017’.’’ Pub. L. 115–44, title II, § 215, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 900, provided that: ‘‘This part [part 1 (§§ 215, 216) of subtitle A of title II of Pub. L. 115–44, enacting part A of this subchapter] may be cited as the ‘Russia Sanctions Re- view Act of 2017’.’’ RULE OF CONSTRUCTION Pub. L. 115–44, title II, § 291, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 939, provided that: ‘‘Nothing in this title [see section 201 of Pub. L. 115–44, set out as a Short Title note above] or the amendments made by this title (other than sections 216 and 236(b) [enacting sections 9511 and 9530(b) of this title, respectively]) shall be construed to limit the au- thority of the President under the International Emer- gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.).’’ § 9502. Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that the President— (1) should continue to uphold and seek unity with European and other key partners on sanctions implemented against the Russian Federation, which have been effective and in- strumental in countering Russian aggression in Ukraine; (2) should engage to the fullest extent pos- sible with partner governments with regard to closing loopholes, including the allowance of extended prepayment for the delivery of goods and commodities and other loopholes, in mul- tilateral and unilateral restrictive measures against the Russian Federation, with the aim of maximizing alignment of those measures; and (3) should increase efforts to vigorously en- force compliance with sanctions in place as of August 2, 2017, with respect to the Russian Federation in response to the crisis in eastern Ukraine, cyber intrusions and attacks, and human rights violators in the Russian Federa- tion. (Pub. L. 115–44, title II, § 212, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 899.) PART A—CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW OF SANCTIONS IMPOSED WITH RESPECT TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION § 9511. Congressional review of certain actions relating to sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian Federation (a) Submission to Congress of proposed action (1) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law, before taking any action described in para- graph (2), the President shall submit to the ap- propriate congressional committees and lead- ership a report that describes the proposed ac- tion and the reasons for that action. (2) Actions described (A) In general An action described in this paragraph is— (i) an action to terminate the applica- tion of any sanctions described in subpara- graph (B); (ii) with respect to sanctions described in subparagraph (B) imposed by the Presi- dent with respect to a person, an action to waive the application of those sanctions with respect to that person; or (iii) a licensing action that significantly alters United States’ 1 foreign policy with regard to the Russian Federation. (B) Sanctions described The sanctions described in this subpara- graph are— (i) sanctions provided for under— (I) this chapter or any provision of law amended by this title, including the Ex- ecutive orders codified under section 9522 of this title; (II) the Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, and Economic Stability of Ukraine Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8901 et seq.); or (III) the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8921 et seq.); and (ii) the prohibition on access to the prop- erties of the Government of the Russian Federation located in Maryland and New York that the President ordered vacated on December 29, 2016. (3) Description of type of action Each report submitted under paragraph (1) with respect to an action described in para- graph (2) shall include a description of wheth- er the action— (A) is not intended to significantly alter United States foreign policy with regard to the Russian Federation; or (B) is intended to significantly alter United States foreign policy with regard to the Russian Federation. (4) Inclusion of additional matter (A) In general Each report submitted under paragraph (1) that relates to an action that is intended to significantly alter United States foreign pol- icy with regard to the Russian Federation shall include a description of— (i) the significant alteration to United States foreign policy with regard to the Russian Federation; (ii) the anticipated effect of the action on the national security interests of the United States; and (iii) the policy objectives for which the sanctions affected by the action were ini- tially imposed. (B) Requests from banking and financial services committees The Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate or the Com- mittee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives may request the submission to the Committee of the matter described in clauses (ii) and (iii) of subparagraph (A) with