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42 U.S.C. § 3602 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this subchapter—
**(a)** “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
**(b)** “Dwelling” means any building, structure, or portion thereof which is occupied as, or designed or intended for occupancy as, a residence by one or more families, and any vacant land which is offered for sale or lease for the construction or location thereon of any such building, structure, or portion thereof.
**(c)** “Family” includes a single individual.
**(d)** “Person” includes one or more individuals, corporations, partnerships, associations, labor organizations, legal representatives, mutual companies, joint-stock companies, trusts, unincorporated organizations, trustees, trustees in cases under title 11, receivers, and fiduciaries.
**(e)** “To rent” includes to lease, to sublease, to let and otherwise to grant for a consideration the right to occupy premises not owned by the occupant.
**(f)** “Discriminatory housing practice” means an act that is unlawful under section 3604, 3605, 3606, or 3617 of this title.
**(g)** “State” means any of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any of the territories and possessions of the United States.
**(h)** “Handicap” means, with respect to a person—
(1) a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more of such person’s major life activities,
(2) a record of having such an impairment, or
(3) being regarded as having such an impairment,
but such term does not include current, illegal use of or addiction to a controlled substance (as defined in [section 802 of title 21](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section802&num=0&edition=prelim)).
**(i)** “Aggrieved person” includes any person who—
(1) claims to have been
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_f3252fbc645da30726ffb920
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-3602-definitions--a7cfdcefd3.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 45, § 3602; chapter-045-fair-housing.md
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As used in this subchapter—
**(a)** “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
**(b)** “Dwelling” means any building, structure, or portion thereof which is occupied as, or designed or intended for occupancy as, a residence by one or more families, and any vacant land which is offered for sale or lease for the construction or location thereon of any such building, structure, or portion thereof.
**(c)** “Family” includes a single individual.
**(d)** “Person” includes one or more individuals, corporations, partnerships, associations, labor organizations, legal representatives, mutual companies, joint-stock companies, trusts, unincorporated organizations, trustees, trustees in cases under title 11, receivers, and fiduciaries.
**(e)** “To rent” includes to lease, to sublease, to let and otherwise to grant for a consideration the right to occupy premises not owned by the occupant.
**(f)** “Discriminatory housing practice” means an act that is unlawful under section 3604, 3605, 3606, or 3617 of this title.
**(g)** “State” means any of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any of the territories and possessions of the United States.
**(h)** “Handicap” means, with respect to a person—
(1) a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more of such person’s major life activities,
(2) a record of having such an impairment, or
(3) being regarded as having such an impairment,
but such term does not include current, illegal use of or addiction to a controlled substance (as defined in [section 802 of title 21](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section802&num=0&edition=prelim)).
**(i)** “Aggrieved person” includes any person who—
(1) claims to have been injured by a discriminatory housing practice; or
(2) believes that such person will be injured by a discriminatory housing practice that is about to occur.
**(j)** “Complainant” means the person (including the Secretary) who files a complaint under [section 3610 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3610&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(k)** “Familial status” means one or more individuals (who have not attained the age of 18 years) being domiciled with—
(1) a parent or another person having legal custody of such individual or individuals; or
(2) the designee of such parent or other person having such custody, with the written permission of such parent or other person.
The protections afforded against discrimination on the basis of familial status shall apply to any person who is pregnant or is in the process of securing legal custody of any individual who has not attained the age of 18 years.
**(l)** “Conciliation” means the attempted resolution of issues raised by a complaint, or by the investigation of such complaint, through informal negotiations involving the aggrieved person, the respondent, and the Secretary.
**(m)** “Conciliation agreement” means a written agreement setting forth the resolution of the issues in conciliation.
**(n)** “Respondent” means—
(1) the person or other entity accused in a complaint of an unfair housing practice; and
(2) any other person or entity identified in the course of investigation and notified as required with respect to respondents so identified under [section 3610(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3610/a&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(o)** “Prevailing party” has the same meaning as such term has in [section 1988 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1988&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this title the following definitions shall apply:
(1) The term “accountant” means accountant authorized under applicable law to practice public accounting, and includes professional accounting association, corporation, or partnership, if so authorized.
(2) The term “affiliate” means—
(A) entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities—
(i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or
(ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote;
(B) corporation 20 percent or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by the debtor, or by an entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities—
(i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or
(ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote;
(C) person whose business is operated under a lease or operating agreement by a debtor, or person substantially all of whose property is operated under an operating agreement with the debtor; or
(D) entity that operates the business or substantially all of the property of the debtor under a lease or operating agreement.
(3) The term “assisted person” means any person whose debts consist primarily of consumer debts and the value of whose nonexempt property is less than $150,000.11 See Adjustment of Dollar Amounts not
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Applicability of statutory and common law** The jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters conferred on the district courts by the provisions of titles 13, 24, and 70 of the Revised Statutes for the protection of all persons in the United States in their civil rights, and for their vindication, shall be exercised and enforced in conformity with the laws of the United States, so far as such laws are suitable to carry the same into effect; but in all cases where they are not adapted to the object, or are deficient in the provisions necessary to furnish suitable remedies and punish offenses against law, the common law, as modified and changed by the constitution and statutes of the State wherein the court having jurisdiction of such civil or criminal cause is held, so far as the same is not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States, shall be extended to and govern the said courts in the trial and disposition of the cause, and, if it is of a criminal nature, in the infliction of punishment on the party found guilty.
**(b) Attorney’s fees** In any action or proceeding to enforce a provision of sections 1981, 1981a, 1982, 1983, 1985, and 1986 of this title, title IX of Public Law 92–318 [[20 U.S.C. 1681](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1681&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 [[42 U.S.C. 2000bb](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000bb&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000 [[42 U.S.C. 2000cc](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000cc&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 [[42 U.S.C. 2000d
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1988
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Approval of State plans**
(1) **In general** — The Administrator shall approve any State plan submitted under [section 796c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section796c&num=0&edition=prelim) that the Administrator determines meets the requirements of [section 796c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section796c&num=0&edition=prelim), and shall disapprove any such plan that does not meet such requirements, as soon as practicable after receiving the plan. Prior to such disapproval, the Administrator shall notify the State of the intention to disapprove the plan, and shall afford such State reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing.
(2) **Procedures**
(A) *In general* — Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the provisions of subsections (c) and (d) of [section 727 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section727&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply to any State plan submitted to the Administrator under [section 796c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section796c&num=0&edition=prelim).
(B) *Application* — For purposes of the application described in subparagraph (A), all references in such provisions—
(i) to the Secretary or the Commissioner shall be deemed to be references to the Administrator;
(ii) to the State agency shall be deemed to be references to the designated State entity; and
(iii) to [section 721 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section721&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be deemed to be references to [section 796c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-ti
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this subchapter:
(1) The term “addict” means any individual who habitually uses any narcotic drug so as to endanger the public morals, health, safety, or welfare, or who is so far addicted to the use of narcotic drugs as to have lost the power of self-control with reference to his addiction.
(2) The term “administer” refers to the direct application of a controlled substance to the body of a patient or research subject by—
(A) a practitioner (or, in his presence, by his authorized agent), or
(B) the patient or research subject at the direction and in the presence of the practitioner,
whether such application be by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other means.
(3) The term “agent” means an authorized person who acts on behalf of or at the direction of a manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser; except that such term does not include a common or contract carrier, public warehouseman, or employee of the carrier or warehouseman, when acting in the usual and lawful course of the carrier’s or warehouseman’s business.
(4) The term “Drug Enforcement Administration” means the Drug Enforcement Administration in the Department of Justice.
(5) The term “control” means to add a drug or other substance, or immediate precursor, to a schedule under part B of this subchapter, whether by transfer from another schedule or otherwise.
(6) The term “controlled substance” means a drug or other substance, or immediate precursor, included in schedule I, II, III, IV, or V of part B of this subchapter. The term does not include distilled spirits, wine, malt beverages, or tobacco, as those terms are defined or used in subtitle E of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
(7) The term “counterfeit substance” means a controlled substance which, or the container or labelin
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 802
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Complaints and answers**
(1)
(A)
(i) An aggrieved person may, not later than one year after an alleged discriminatory housing practice has occurred or terminated, file a complaint with the Secretary alleging such discriminatory housing practice. The Secretary, on the Secretary’s own initiative, may also file such a complaint.
(ii) Such complaints shall be in writing and shall contain such information and be in such form as the Secretary requires.
(iii) The Secretary may also investigate housing practices to determine whether a complaint should be brought under this section.
(B) Upon the filing of such a complaint—
(i) the Secretary shall serve notice upon the aggrieved person acknowledging such filing and advising the aggrieved person of the time limits and choice of forums provided under this subchapter;
(ii) the Secretary shall, not later than 10 days after such filing or the identification of an additional respondent under paragraph (2), serve on the respondent a notice identifying the alleged discriminatory housing practice and advising such respondent of the procedural rights and obligations of respondents under this subchapter, together with a copy of the original complaint;
(iii) each respondent may file, not later than 10 days after receipt of notice from the Secretary, an answer to such complaint; and
(iv) the Secretary shall make an investigation of the alleged discriminatory housing practice and complete such investigation within 100 days after the filing of the complaint (or, when the Secretary takes further action under subsection (f)(2) with respect to a complaint, within 100 days after the commencement of such further action), unless it is impracticable to do so.
(C) If the Secretary is unable to complete
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 3610
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
It is the policy of the United States to provide, within constitutional limitations, for fair housing throughout the United States.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 3601
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Covered dwelling** — The term “covered dwelling” means a dwelling that—
(A) is occupied by a tenant—
(i) pursuant to a residential lease; or
(ii) without a lease or with a lease terminable under State law; and
(B) is on or in a covered property.
(2) **Covered property** — The term “covered property” means any property that—
(A) participates in—
(i) a covered housing program (as defined in [section 12491(a) of title 34](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section12491/a&num=0&edition=prelim)); or
(ii) the rural housing voucher program under [section 1490r of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1490r&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(B) has a—
(i) Federally backed mortgage loan; or
(ii) Federally backed multifamily mortgage loan.
(3) **Dwelling** — The term “dwelling”—
(A) has the meaning given the term in [section 3602 of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3602&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(B) includes houses and dwellings described in [section 3603(b) of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3603/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Federally backed mortgage loan** — The term “Federally backed mortgage loan” includes any loan (other than temporary financing such as a construction loan) that—
(A) is secured by a first or subordinate lien on residential real property (including individual units of condominiums and cooperatives) designed principally for the occupancy of from 1 to 4 families, including any such secured loan, the proceeds of which are used to prepay or pay off an existing loan secured by the same p
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law, by force or threat of force willfully injures, intimidates or interferes with, or attempts to injure, intimidate or interfere with—
**(a)** any person because of his race, color, religion, sex, handicap (as such term is defined in [section 3602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3602&num=0&edition=prelim)), familial status (as such term is defined in [section 3602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3602&num=0&edition=prelim)), or national origin and because he is or has been selling, purchasing, renting, financing, occupying, or contracting or negotiating for the sale, purchase, rental, financing or occupation of any dwelling, or applying for or participating in any service, organization, or facility relating to the business of selling or renting dwellings; or
**(b)** any person because he is or has been, or in order to intimidate such person or any other person or any class of persons from—
(1) participating, without discrimination on account of race, color, religion, sex, handicap (as such term is defined in [section 3602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3602&num=0&edition=prelim)), familial status (as such term is defined in [section 3602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3602&num=0&edition=prelim)), or national origin, in any of the activities, services, organizations or facilities described in subsection (a); or
(2) affording another person or class of persons opportunity or protection so to participate; or
**(c)** any citizen because he is or has been, or in order to discourage such cit
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 3631
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** In this subchapter, the terms “agent of a foreign power”, “Attorney General”, “contents”, “electronic surveillance”, “foreign intelligence information”, “foreign power”, “person”, “United States”, and “United States person” have the meanings given such terms in [section 1801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1801&num=0&edition=prelim), except as specifically provided in this subchapter.
**(b) Additional definitions** In this subchapter:
(1) **Congressional intelligence committees** — The term “congressional intelligence committees” means—
(A) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(B) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
(2) **Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court; Court** — The terms “Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court” and “Court” mean the court established under [section 1803(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1803/a&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review; Court of Review** — The terms “Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review” and “Court of Review” mean the court established under [section 1803(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1803/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Electronic communication service provider** — The term “electronic communication service provider” means—
(A) a telecommunications carrier, as that term is defined in [section 153 of title 47](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section153&num=0&edition=prelim);
(B) a provider of electronic communication service, as that term is defined in [section 2510
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this subchapter:
(1) **Assistance** — The term “assistance” means the provision of, or the provision of access to, information (including communication contents, communications records, or other information relating to a customer or communication), facilities, or another form of assistance.
(2) **Civil action** — The term “civil action” includes a covered civil action.
(3) **Congressional intelligence committees** — The term “congressional intelligence committees” means—
(A) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(B) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
(4) **Contents** — The term “contents” has the meaning given that term in [section 1801(n) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1801/n&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Covered civil action** — The term “covered civil action” means a civil action filed in a Federal or State court that—
(A) alleges that an electronic communication service provider furnished assistance to an element of the intelligence community; and
(B) seeks monetary or other relief from the electronic communication service provider related to the provision of such assistance.
(6) **Electronic communication service provider** — The term “electronic communication service provider” means—
(A) a telecommunications carrier, as that term is defined in [section 153 of title 47](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section153&num=0&edition=prelim);
(B) a provider of electronic communication service, as that term is defined in [section 2510 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2510&num=0&edition=prelim);
(C) a provider of a remote computing se
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