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42 U.S.C. § 3631 — Violations; penalties

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 3631 — Violations; penalties

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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_d1838ec715b27a5dfbbafa39
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-3631-violations-penalties--8faf6ca880.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 45, § 3631; chapter-045-fair-housing.md

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Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law, by force or threat of force willfully injures, intimidates or interferes with, or attempts to injure, intimidate or interfere with— **(a)** any person because of his race, color, religion, sex, handicap (as such term is defined in [section 3602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3602&num=0&edition=prelim)), familial status (as such term is defined in [section 3602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3602&num=0&edition=prelim)), or national origin and because he is or has been selling, purchasing, renting, financing, occupying, or contracting or negotiating for the sale, purchase, rental, financing or occupation of any dwelling, or applying for or participating in any service, organization, or facility relating to the business of selling or renting dwellings; or **(b)** any person because he is or has been, or in order to intimidate such person or any other person or any class of persons from— (1) participating, without discrimination on account of race, color, religion, sex, handicap (as such term is defined in [section 3602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3602&num=0&edition=prelim)), familial status (as such term is defined in [section 3602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3602&num=0&edition=prelim)), or national origin, in any of the activities, services, organizations or facilities described in subsection (a); or (2) affording another person or class of persons opportunity or protection so to participate; or **(c)** any citizen because he is or has been, or in order to discourage such citizen or any other citizen from lawfully aiding or encouraging other persons to participate, without discrimination on account of race, color, religion, sex, handicap (as such term is defined in [section 3602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3602&num=0&edition=prelim)), familial status (as such term is defined in [section 3602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3602&num=0&edition=prelim)), or national origin, in any of the activities, services, organizations or facilities described in subsection (a), or participating lawfully in speech or peaceful assembly opposing any denial of the opportunity to so participate— shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both; and if bodily injury results from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include the use, attempted use, or threatened use of a dangerous weapon, explosives, or fire shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both; and if death results from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill, shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 245 — Federally protected activities

**(a)** (1) Nothing in this section shall be construed as indicating an intent on the part of Congress to prevent any State, any possession or Commonwealth of the United States, or the District of Columbia, from exercising jurisdiction over any offense over which it would have jurisdiction in the absence of this section, nor shall anything in this section be construed as depriving State and local law enforcement authorities of responsibility for prosecuting acts that may be violations of this section and that are violations of State and local law. No prosecution of any offense described in this section shall be undertaken by the United States except upon the certification in writing of the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, the Associate Attorney General, or any Assistant Attorney General specially designated by the Attorney General that in his judgment a prosecution by the United States is in the public interest and necessary to secure substantial justice, which function of certification may not be delegated. (2) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to limit the authority of Federal officers, or a Federal grand jury, to investigate possible violations of this section. **(b)** Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law, by force or threat of force willfully injures, intimidates or interferes with, or attempts to injure, intimidate or interfere with— (1) any person because he is or has been, or in order to intimidate such person or any other person or any class of persons from— (A) voting or qualifying to vote, qualifying or campaigning as a candidate for elective office, or qualifying or acting as a poll watcher, or any legally authorized election official, in any primary, special, or general election; (B) participating in or enjoyi

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 13 — Laws of States adopted for areas within Federal jurisdiction

**(a)** Whoever within or upon any of the places now existing or hereafter reserved or acquired as provided in [section 7 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section7&num=0&edition=prelim), or on, above, or below any portion of the territorial sea of the United States not within the jurisdiction of any State, Commonwealth, territory, possession, or district is guilty of any act or omission which, although not made punishable by any enactment of Congress, would be punishable if committed or omitted within the jurisdiction of the State, Territory, Possession, or District in which such place is situated, by the laws thereof in force at the time of such act or omission, shall be guilty of a like offense and subject to a like punishment. **(b)** (1) Subject to paragraph (2) and for purposes of subsection (a) of this section, that which may or shall be imposed through judicial or administrative action under the law of a State, territory, possession, or district, for a conviction for operating a motor vehicle under the influence of a drug or alcohol, shall be considered to be a punishment provided by that law. Any limitation on the right or privilege to operate a motor vehicle imposed under this subsection shall apply only to the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States. (2) (A) In addition to any term of imprisonment provided for operating a motor vehicle under the influence of a drug or alcohol imposed under the law of a State, territory, possession, or district, the punishment for such an offense under this section shall include an additional term of imprisonment of not more than 1 year, or if serious bodily injury of a minor is caused, not more than 5 years, or if death of a minor is caused, no

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 3602 — Definitions

As used in this subchapter— **(a)** “Secretary” means the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. **(b)** “Dwelling” means any building, structure, or portion thereof which is occupied as, or designed or intended for occupancy as, a residence by one or more families, and any vacant land which is offered for sale or lease for the construction or location thereon of any such building, structure, or portion thereof. **(c)** “Family” includes a single individual. **(d)** “Person” includes one or more individuals, corporations, partnerships, associations, labor organizations, legal representatives, mutual companies, joint-stock companies, trusts, unincorporated organizations, trustees, trustees in cases under title 11, receivers, and fiduciaries. **(e)** “To rent” includes to lease, to sublease, to let and otherwise to grant for a consideration the right to occupy premises not owned by the occupant. **(f)** “Discriminatory housing practice” means an act that is unlawful under section 3604, 3605, 3606, or 3617 of this title. **(g)** “State” means any of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any of the territories and possessions of the United States. **(h)** “Handicap” means, with respect to a person— (1) a physical or mental impairment which substantially limits one or more of such person’s major life activities, (2) a record of having such an impairment, or (3) being regarded as having such an impairment, but such term does not include current, illegal use of or addiction to a controlled substance (as defined in [section 802 of title 21](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section802&num=0&edition=prelim)). **(i)** “Aggrieved person” includes any person who— (1) claims to have been

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 3601 — Declaration of policy

It is the policy of the United States to provide, within constitutional limitations, for fair housing throughout the United States.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 250 — Penalties for civil rights offenses involving sexual misconduct

**(a) Offense.—** It shall be unlawful for any person to, in the course of committing an offense under this chapter or under section 901 of the Fair Housing Act ([42 U.S.C. 3631](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3631&num=0&edition=prelim)), engage in, or cause another to engage in, sexual misconduct. **(b) Penalties.—** Any person who violates subsection (a) shall be— (1) in the case of an offense involving aggravated sexual abuse, as defined in section 2241, or if the offense involved sexual abuse, as defined in section 2242, or if the offense involved an attempt to commit such aggravated sexual abuse or sexual abuse, fined under this title and imprisoned for any term of years or for life; (2) in the case of an offense involving abusive sexual contact of a child who has not attained the age of 16, of the type prohibited by section 2244(a)(5), fined under this title and imprisoned for any term of years or for life; (3) in the case of an offense involving a sexual act, as defined in section 2246, with another person without the other person’s permission, and it does not amount to sexual abuse or aggravated sexual abuse, be fined under this title and imprisoned for not more than 40 years; (4) in the case of an offense involving abusive sexual contact of the type prohibited by subsection (a)(1) or (b) of section 2244, but excluding abusive sexual contact through the clothing— (A) fined under this title and imprisoned for not more than 10 years; and (B) if the offense involves a child who has not attained the age of 12 years, imprisoned for not more than 30 years; (5) in the case of an offense involving abusive sexual contact of the type prohibited by section 2244(a)(2)— (A) fined under this title and imprisoned for

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 250

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 509 — Functions of the Attorney General

All functions of other officers of the Department of Justice and all functions of agencies and employees of the Department of Justice are vested in the Attorney General except the functions— (1) vested by subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5 in administrative law judges employed by the Department of Justice; (2) of the Federal Prison Industries, Inc.; and (3) of the Board of Directors and officers of the Federal Prison Industries, Inc.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

34 U.S.C. § 30507 — Jabara-Heyer NO HATE Act

**(a) Short title** This section may be cited as the “Khalid Jabara and Heather Heyer National Opposition to Hate, Assault, and Threats to Equality Act of 2021” or the “Jabara-Heyer NO HATE Act”. **(b) Findings** Congress finds the following: (1) The incidence of violence known as hate crimes, or crimes motivated by bias, poses a serious national problem. (2) According to data obtained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the incidence of such violence increased in 2019, the most recent year for which data is available. (3) In 1990, Congress enacted the Hate Crime Statistics Act (Public Law 101–275; [28 U.S.C. 534](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section534&num=0&edition=prelim) note) 11 See References in Text note below. to provide the Federal Government, law enforcement agencies, and the public with data regarding the incidence of hate crime. The Hate Crime Statistics Act and the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act (division E of Public Law 111–84; 123 Stat. 2835) 1 have enabled Federal authorities to understand and, where appropriate, investigate and prosecute hate crimes. (4) A more complete understanding of the national problem posed by hate crime is in the public interest and supports the Federal interest in eradicating bias-motivated violence referenced in [section 249(b)(1)(C) of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section249/b/1/C&num=0&edition=prelim). (5) However, a complete understanding of the national problem posed by hate crimes is hindered by incomplete data from Federal, State, and local jurisdictions through the Uniform Crime Reports program authorized under [section 534 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-p

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 30507

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

44 U.S.C. § 2107 — Acceptance of records for historical preservation

**(a) In General.—** When it appears to the Archivist to be in the public interest, the Archivist may— (1) accept for deposit with the National Archives of the United States the records of a Federal agency, the Congress, the Architect of the Capitol, or the Supreme Court determined by the Archivist to have sufficient historical or other value to warrant their continued preservation by the United States Government; (2) direct and effect the transfer of records of a Federal agency determined by the Archivist to have sufficient historical or other value to warrant their continued preservation by the United States Government to the National Archives of the United States, as soon as practicable, and at a time mutually agreed upon by the Archivist and the head of that Federal agency not later than thirty years after such records were created or received by that agency, unless the head of such agency has certified in writing to the Archivist that such records must be retained in the custody of such agency for use in the conduct of the regular business of the agency; (3) direct and effect, with the approval of the head of the originating Federal agency, or if the existence of the agency has been terminated, with the approval of the head of that agency’s successor in function, if any, the transfer of records, deposited or approved for deposit with the National Archives of the United States to public or educational institutions or associations; title to the records to remain vested in the United States unless otherwise authorized by Congress; and (4) transfer materials from private sources authorized to be received by the Archivist by [section 2111 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title44-section2111&num=0&edition=prelim). **(b) Ear

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 3631 — Violations; penalties

Page 5970 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 3618 or protected by section 3603, 3604, 3605, or 3606 of this title. (Pub. L. 90–284, title VIII, § 818, formerly § 817, Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 89; renumbered § 818 and amended Pub. L. 100–430, §§ 8(1), 10, Sept. 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 1625, 1635.) Editorial Notes PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 818 of Pub. L. 90–284 was renumbered section 819 and is classified to section 3618 of this title. AMENDMENTS 1988—Pub. L. 100–430 struck out at end ‘‘This section may be enforced by appropriate civil action.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 100–430 effective on the 180th day beginning after Sept. 13, 1988, see section 13(a) of Pub. L. 100–430, set out as a note under section 3601 of this title. § 3618. Authorization of appropriations There are hereby authorized to be appro- priated such sums as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this subchapter. (Pub. L. 90–284, title VIII, § 819, formerly § 818, Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 89; renumbered § 819, Pub. L. 100–430, § 8(1), Sept. 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 1625.) Editorial Notes PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 819 of Pub. L. 90–284 was renumbered section 820 and is classified to section 3619 of this title. § 3619. Separability If any provision of this subchapter or the ap- plication thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the remainder of the subchapter and the application of the provision to other persons not similarly situated or to other cir- cumstances shall not be affected thereby. (Pub. L. 90–284, title VIII, § 820, formerly § 819, Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 89; renumbered § 820, Pub. L. 100–430, § 8(1), Sept. 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 1625.) SUBCHAPTER II—PREVENTION OF INTIM

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 3631

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