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16 U.S.C. § 6410 — Ruth D. Gates Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Administrator shall establish a program (to be known as the “Ruth D. Gates Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program”) to provide grants for projects for the conservation and restoration of coral reef ecosystems (in this section referred to as “coral reef projects”) pursuant to proposals approved by the Administrator in accordance with this section.
**(b) Matching requirements for grants**
(1) **In general** — Except as provided in paragraph (3), Federal funds for any coral reef project for which a grant is provided under subsection (a) may not exceed 50 percent of the total cost of the project.
(2) **Non-Federal share** — The non-Federal share of the cost of a coral reef project may be provided by in-kind contributions and other noncash support.
(3) **Waiver** — The Administrator may waive all or part of the matching requirement under paragraph (1) if the Administrator determines that no reasonable means are available through which an applicant can meet the matching requirement with respect to a coral reef project and the probable benefit of the project outweighs the public interest in the matching requirement.
**(c) Eligibility**
(1) **In general** — An entity described in paragraph (2) may submit to the Administrator a proposal for a coral reef project.
(2) **Entities described** — An entity described in this paragraph is—
(A) a covered reef manager or a covered Native entity;
(B) a regional fishery management council established under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act ([16 U.S.C. 1801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(C) a coral reef stewardship partnership seeking to implement a
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Source location: Title 16, Chapter 83, § 6410; chapter-083-coral-reef-conservation.md
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**(a) In general** Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Administrator shall establish a program (to be known as the “Ruth D. Gates Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program”) to provide grants for projects for the conservation and restoration of coral reef ecosystems (in this section referred to as “coral reef projects”) pursuant to proposals approved by the Administrator in accordance with this section.
**(b) Matching requirements for grants**
(1) **In general** — Except as provided in paragraph (3), Federal funds for any coral reef project for which a grant is provided under subsection (a) may not exceed 50 percent of the total cost of the project.
(2) **Non-Federal share** — The non-Federal share of the cost of a coral reef project may be provided by in-kind contributions and other noncash support.
(3) **Waiver** — The Administrator may waive all or part of the matching requirement under paragraph (1) if the Administrator determines that no reasonable means are available through which an applicant can meet the matching requirement with respect to a coral reef project and the probable benefit of the project outweighs the public interest in the matching requirement.
**(c) Eligibility**
(1) **In general** — An entity described in paragraph (2) may submit to the Administrator a proposal for a coral reef project.
(2) **Entities described** — An entity described in this paragraph is—
(A) a covered reef manager or a covered Native entity;
(B) a regional fishery management council established under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act ([16 U.S.C. 1801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(C) a coral reef stewardship partnership seeking to implement a coral reef action plan in effect under [section 6404 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6404&num=0&edition=prelim);
(D) a coral reef research center designated under [section 6411(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6411/b&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(E) a nongovernmental organization or research institution with demonstrated expertise in the conservation or restoration of coral reefs in practice or through significant contributions to the body of existing scientific research on coral reefs.
**(d) Project proposals** Each proposal for a grant under this section for a coral reef project shall include the following:
(1) The name of the individual or entity responsible for conducting the project.
(2) A description of the qualifications of the individual or entity.
(3) A succinct statement of the purposes of the project.
(4) An estimate of the funds and time required to complete the project.
(5) Evidence of support for the project by appropriate representatives of States or other government jurisdictions in which the project will be conducted.
(6) Information regarding the source and amount of matching funding available to the applicant.
(7) A description of how the project meets one or more of the criteria under subsection (e)(2).
(8) In the case of a proposal submitted by a coral reef stewardship partnership, a description of how the project aligns with the applicable coral reef action plan in effect under [section 6404 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6404&num=0&edition=prelim).
(9) Any other information the Administrator considers to be necessary for evaluating the eligibility of the project for a grant under this subsection.
**(e) Project review and approval**
(1) **In general** — The Administrator shall review each coral reef project proposal submitted under this section to determine if the project meets the criteria set forth in subsection (f).
(2) **Prioritization of conservation projects** — The Administrator shall prioritize the awarding of funding for projects that meet the criteria for approval described in—
(A) subparagraphs (A) through (G) of subsection (f)(2) that are proposed to be conducted within priority areas identified for coral reef conservation by the Administrator under the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy; and
(B) subparagraphs (E) through (L) of subsection (f)(2) that are proposed to be conducted within priority areas identified for coral reef restoration by the Administrator under the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy.
(3) **Review; approval or disapproval** — Not later than 180 days after receiving a proposal for a coral reef project under this section, the Administrator shall—
(A) request and consider written comments on the proposal from each Federal agency, State government, covered Native entity, or other government jurisdiction, including the relevant regional fishery management councils established under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act ([16 U.S.C. 1801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), or any National Marine Sanctuary or Marine National Monument, with jurisdiction or management authority over coral reef ecosystems in the area where the project is to be conducted, including the extent to which the project is consistent with locally established priorities, unless such entities were directly involved in the development of the project proposal;
(B) provide for the merit-based peer review of the proposal and require standardized documentation of that peer review;
(C) after considering any written comments and recommendations based on the reviews under subparagraphs (A) and (B), approve or disapprove the proposal; and
(D) provide written notification of that approval or disapproval, with summaries of all written comments, recommendations, and peer reviews, to the entity that submitted the proposal, and each of those States, covered Native entity, and other government jurisdictions that provided comments under subparagraph (A).
**(f) Criteria for approval** The Administrator may not approve a proposal for a coral reef project under this section unless the project—
(1) is consistent with—
(A) the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy; and
(B) any Federal or non-Federal coral reef action plans in effect under [section 6404 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6404&num=0&edition=prelim) covering a coral reef or ecologically significant unit of a coral reef to be affected by the project; and
(2) will enhance the conservation and restoration of coral reefs by—
(A) addressing conflicts arising from the use of environments near coral reefs or from the use of corals, species associated with coral reefs, and coral products, including supporting consensus-driven and community-based planning and management initiatives for the protection of coral reef ecosystems;
(B) improving compliance with laws that prohibit or regulate the taking of coral products or species associated with coral reefs or regulate the use and management of coral reef ecosystems;
(C) designing and implementing networks of real-time water quality monitoring along coral reefs, including data collection related to turbidity, nutrient availability, harmful algal blooms, and plankton assemblages, with an emphasis on coral reefs impacted by agriculture and urban development;
(D) promoting ecologically sound navigation and anchorages, including mooring buoy systems to promote enhanced recreational access, near coral reefs;
(E) furthering the goals and objectives of coral reef action plans in effect under [section 6404 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6404&num=0&edition=prelim);
(F) mapping the location and distribution of coral reefs and potential coral reef habitat;
(G) stimulating innovation to advance the ability of the United States to understand, research, or monitor coral reef ecosystems, or to develop management or adaptation options to conserve and restore coral reef ecosystems;
(H) implementing research to ensure the population viability of coral species in United States waters listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 [[16 U.S.C. 1531](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1531&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] as detailed in the population-based recovery criteria included in species-specific recovery plans established under such Act;
(I) developing and implementing cost-effective methods to restore degraded coral reef ecosystems or to create geographically appropriate coral reef ecosystems in suitable waters, including by improving habitat or promoting success of keystone species, with an emphasis on novel restoration strategies and techniques to advance coral reef recovery and growth near population centers threatened by rising sea levels and storm surge;
(J) translating and applying coral genetics research to coral reef ecosystem restoration, including research related to traits that promote resilience to increasing ocean temperatures, changing ocean chemistry, coral bleaching, coral diseases, and invasive species;
(K) developing and maintaining in situ native coral propagation sites; or
(L) developing and maintaining ex situ coral propagation nurseries and land-based coral gene banks to—
(i) conserve or augment genetic diversity of native coral populations;
(ii) support captive breeding of rare coral species; or
(iii) enhance resilience of native coral populations to increasing ocean temperatures, changing ocean chemistry, coral bleaching, and coral diseases through selective breeding, conditioning, or other approaches that target genes, gene expression, phenotypic traits, or phenotypic plasticity.
**(g) Funding requirements** To the extent practicable based upon proposals for coral reef projects submitted to the Administrator, the Administrator shall ensure that funding for grants awarded under this section during a fiscal year is distributed as follows:
(1) Not less than 40 percent of funds available shall be awarded for projects in areas of the Pacific Ocean subject to the jurisdiction or control of the United States.
(2) Not less than 40 percent of the funds available shall be awarded for projects in areas of the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, or the Caribbean Sea subject to the jurisdiction or control of the United States.
(3) To the extent there are viable applications made by eligible coral reef stewardship partners, not more than 67 percent of funds distributed in each region in accordance with paragraphs (1) and (2) may be made exclusively available to projects that are—
(A) submitted by a coral reef stewardship partnership; and
(B) consistent with the coral reef action plan in effect under [section 6404 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6404&num=0&edition=prelim) by such a partnership.
(4) Of the funds distributed to support projects in accordance with paragraph (3), not less than 20 percent and not more than 33 percent shall be awarded for projects submitted by a Federal coral reef stewardship partnership, to the extent there are viable applications made by eligible Federal coral reef stewardship partnerships.
**(h) Task Force** The Administrator may consult with the Secretary of the Interior and the Task Force to obtain guidance in establishing priorities and evaluating proposals for coral reef projects under this section.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds and declares that—
(1) various species of fish, wildlife, and plants in the United States have been rendered extinct as a consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation;
(2) other species of fish, wildlife, and plants have been so depleted in numbers that they are in danger of or threatened with extinction;
(3) these species of fish, wildlife, and plants are of esthetic, ecological, educational, historical, recreational, and scientific value to the Nation and its people;
(4) the United States has pledged itself as a sovereign state in the international community to conserve to the extent practicable the various species of fish or wildlife and plants facing extinction, pursuant to—
(A) migratory bird treaties with Canada and Mexico;
(B) the Migratory and Endangered Bird Treaty with Japan;
(C) the Convention on Nature Protection and Wildlife Preservation in the Western Hemisphere;
(D) the International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries;
(E) the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean;
(F) the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; and
(G) other international agreements; and
(5) encouraging the States and other interested parties, through Federal financial assistance and a system of incentives, to develop and maintain conservation programs which meet national and international standards is a key to meeting the Nation’s international commitments and to better safeguarding, for the benefit of all citizens, the Nation’s heritage in fish, wildlife, and plants.
**(b) Purposes** The purposes of this chapter are to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 1531
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds and declares the following:
(1) The fish off the coasts of the United States, the highly migratory species of the high seas, the species which dwell on or in the Continental Shelf appertaining to the United States, and the anadromous species which spawn in United States rivers or estuaries, constitute valuable and renewable natural resources. These fishery resources contribute to the food supply, economy, and health of the Nation and provide recreational opportunities.
(2) Certain stocks of fish have declined to the point where their survival is threatened, and other stocks of fish have been so substantially reduced in number that they could become similarly threatened as a consequence of (A) increased fishing pressure, (B) the inadequacy of fishery resource conservation and management practices and controls, or (C) direct and indirect habitat losses which have resulted in a diminished capacity to support existing fishing levels.
(3) Commercial and recreational fishing constitutes a major source of employment and contributes significantly to the economy of the Nation. Many coastal areas are dependent upon fishing and related activities, and their economies have been badly damaged by the overfishing of fishery resources at an ever-increasing rate over the past decade. The activities of massive foreign fishing fleets in waters adjacent to such coastal areas have contributed to such damage, interfered with domestic fishing efforts, and caused destruction of the fishing gear of United States fishermen.
(4) International fishery agreements have not been effective in preventing or terminating the overfishing of these valuable fishery resources. There is danger that irreversible effects from overfishing will take place before an effectiv
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 1801
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Plans prepared by Federal reef managers**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 3 years after December 23, 2022, and 2 years after the date of publication of each National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy, each Federal reef manager shall—
(A) prepare a coral reef action plan to guide management and restoration activities to be undertaken within the responsibilities and jurisdiction of the manager; or
(B) in the case of a reef under the jurisdiction of a Federal reef manager for which there is an action plan in effect as of December 23, 2022, update that plan to comply with the requirements of this subsection.
(2) **Elements** — A plan prepared under paragraph (1) by a Federal reef manager shall include a discussion of the following:
(A) Short- and medium-term coral reef conservation and restoration objectives within the jurisdiction of the manager.
(B) A current adaptive management framework to inform research, monitoring, and assessment needs.
(C) Tools, strategies, and partnerships necessary to identify, monitor, and address pollution, water quality, and other negative impacts to coral reef ecosystems within the jurisdiction of the manager.
(D) The status of efforts to improve coral reef ecosystem management cooperation and integration between Federal reef managers and covered reef managers, including the identification of existing research and monitoring activities that can be leveraged for coral reef status and trends assessments within the jurisdiction of the manager.
(E) Estimated budgetary and resource considerations necessary to carry out the plan.
(F) Contingencies for response to and recovery from emergencies and disasters.
(G) In the case of an updated plan, annual records of significant management and restoration actions taken
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 6404
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Administrator shall—
(1) not later than 2 years after December 23, 2022, develop a national coral reef resilience strategy; and
(2) review and revise the strategy—
(A) not less frequently than once every 15 years;
(B) not less frequently than once every 5 years, in the case of guidance on best practices under subsection (b)(4); and
(C) as appropriate.
**(b) Elements** The strategy required by subsection (a) shall include the following:
(1) A discussion addressing—
(A) continuing and emerging threats to the resilience of United States coral reef ecosystems;
(B) remaining gaps in coral reef ecosystem research, monitoring, and assessment;
(C) the status of management cooperation and integration among Federal reef managers and covered reef managers;
(D) the status of efforts to manage and disseminate critical information, and enhance interjurisdictional data sharing, related to research, reports, data sets, and maps;
(E) areas of special focus, which may include—
(i) improving natural coral recruitment;
(ii) preventing avoidable losses of corals and their habitat;
(iii) enhancing the resilience of coral populations;
(iv) supporting a resilience-based management approach;
(v) developing, coordinating, and implementing watershed management plans;
(vi) building and sustaining watershed management capacity at the local level;
(vii) providing data essential for coral reef fisheries management;
(viii) building capacity for coral reef fisheries management;
(ix) increasing understanding of coral reef ecosystem services;
(x) educating the public on the importance of coral reefs, threats and solutions; and
(xi) evaluating intervention efficacy;
(F) the status of conservation e
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 6403
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** There is authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator $45,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027 to carry out this chapter which shall remain available until expended. Of such amounts, there is authorized to be appropriated for each such fiscal year—
(1) $12,000,000 to carry out [section 6406 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6406&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) $3,500,000 for activities authorized under [section 6410 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6410&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(3) $4,500,000 to be provided to the cooperative institutes designated under [section 6411(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6411/a&num=0&edition=prelim) to carry out the functions described in such section.
**(b) Administration** Not more than 10 percent of the amounts appropriated under subsection (a) may be used for program administration or overhead costs incurred by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 6414
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1909
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 1531
maintenance of continuing and stable supply of agri-
cultural commodities and forest products.
Section 1502, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1002, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 242, required
eligible landowners and operators to furnish plan of
farming operations or land use to Secretary.
Section 1503, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1003, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 242; amended
Pub. L. 93–125, § 1(g)(i), Oct. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 450, related
to approved conservation plans as basis for contracts,
duties under contracts, and termination or modifica-
tion of contracts.
Section 1504, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1004, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 243, author-
ized furnishing of conservation materials to eligible
owners and operators.
Section 1505, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1005, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 243; amended
Pub. L. 95–113, title XV, § 1509, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat.
1022, authorized establishment of multiyear set-aside
contracts.
Section 1506, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1006, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 244, author-
ized issuance of rules and regulations as well as limita-
tions on total retired acreage.
Section 1507, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1007, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 244; amended
Pub. L. 93–125, § 1(g)(ii), Oct. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 450, di-
rected appointment of advisory boards to assist in de-
velopment of programs under this chapter.
Section 1508, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1008, as added
Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 244, directed
coordination with and utilization of Federal, State, and
local services and facili
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 1531
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 16 U.S.C. § 1531. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1991
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 1801
Sec.
1826k.
Equivalent conservation measures.
1827.
Observer program regarding certain foreign
fishing.
1827a.
Prohibition on sale of billfish.
1828.
Foreign fishing incursions.
1829.
International monitoring and compliance.
SUBCHAPTER IV—NATIONAL FISHERY
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
1851.
National standards for fishery conservation
and management.
1852.
Regional Fishery Management Councils.
1853.
Contents of fishery management plans.
1853a.
Limited access privilege programs.
1854.
Action by Secretary.
1855.
Other requirements and authority.
1856.
State jurisdiction.
1857.
Prohibited acts.
1858.
Civil penalties and permit sanctions.
1859.
Criminal offenses.
1860.
Civil forfeitures.
1861.
Enforcement.
1861a.
Transition to sustainable fisheries.
1861b.
Fisheries enforcement plans and reporting.
1862.
North Pacific fisheries conservation.
1863.
Northwest Atlantic Ocean Fisheries Reinvest-
ment Program.
1864.
Repealed.
1865.
Bycatch reduction engineering program.
1866.
Shark feeding.
1867.
Cooperative research and management pro-
gram.
1868.
Herring study.
1869.
Restoration study.
SUBCHAPTER V—FISHERY MONITORING AND
RESEARCH
1881.
Registration and information management.
1881a.
Information collection.
1881b.
Observers.
1881c.
Fisheries research.
1881d.
Incidental harvest research.
1882.
Fisheries systems research.
1883.
Gulf of Mexico red snapper research.
1884.
Deep sea coral research and technology pro-
gram.
1885.
Seafood import monitoring program.
1885a.
Report on Seafood Import Monitoring Pro-
gram.
SUBCHAPTER VI—MISCELLANEOUS
1891.
Investment in United States seafood proc-
essing facilities.
1891a.
Community-based restoration program for
fishery and coast
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 1801
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 16 U.S.C. § 1801. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2587
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 6410
(b) Fund
(1) In general
The Foundation shall establish an account,
to be known as the ‘‘Coral Reef Disaster
Fund’’ (in this section referred to as the
‘‘Fund’’).
(2) Deposits
The Foundation shall deposit funds received
under this section into the Fund.
(3) Purposes
The Fund shall be available solely to sup-
port the long-term recovery of coral reefs from
exigent circumstances described in section
6408(b) of this title—
(A) in partnership with non-Federal stake-
holders; and
(B) in a manner that is consistent with—
(i) the National Coral Reef Resilience
Strategy; and
(ii) coral reef action plans in effect, if
any, under section 6404 of this title.
(4) Investment of amounts
(A) Investment of amounts
The Foundation shall invest such portion
of the Fund as is not required to meet cur-
rent withdrawals in interest-bearing obliga-
tions of the United States or in obligations
guaranteed as to both principal and interest
by the United States.
(B) Interest and proceeds
The interest on, and the proceeds from, the
sale or redemption of, any obligations held
in the Fund shall be credited to and form a
part of the Fund.
(5) Review of performance
The Administrator shall conduct continuing
reviews of all deposits into, and disbursements
from, the Fund. Each such review shall in-
clude a written assessment concerning the ex-
tent to which the Foundation has imple-
mented the goals and requirements of this sec-
tion.
(c) Authorization to solicit donations
(1) In general
Pursuant to an agreement entered into
under subsection (a), the Foundation may ac-
cept, receive, solicit, hold, administer, and use
any gift (including, notwithstanding section
1342 of title 31, donations of services) to fur-
ther the purposes o
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 6410
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.