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16 U.S.C. § 6403 — National coral reef resilience strategy
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Administrator shall—
(1) not later than 2 years after December 23, 2022, develop a national coral reef resilience strategy; and
(2) review and revise the strategy—
(A) not less frequently than once every 15 years;
(B) not less frequently than once every 5 years, in the case of guidance on best practices under subsection (b)(4); and
(C) as appropriate.
**(b) Elements** The strategy required by subsection (a) shall include the following:
(1) A discussion addressing—
(A) continuing and emerging threats to the resilience of United States coral reef ecosystems;
(B) remaining gaps in coral reef ecosystem research, monitoring, and assessment;
(C) the status of management cooperation and integration among Federal reef managers and covered reef managers;
(D) the status of efforts to manage and disseminate critical information, and enhance interjurisdictional data sharing, related to research, reports, data sets, and maps;
(E) areas of special focus, which may include—
(i) improving natural coral recruitment;
(ii) preventing avoidable losses of corals and their habitat;
(iii) enhancing the resilience of coral populations;
(iv) supporting a resilience-based management approach;
(v) developing, coordinating, and implementing watershed management plans;
(vi) building and sustaining watershed management capacity at the local level;
(vii) providing data essential for coral reef fisheries management;
(viii) building capacity for coral reef fisheries management;
(ix) increasing understanding of coral reef ecosystem services;
(x) educating the public on the importance of coral reefs, threats and solutions; and
(xi) evaluating intervention efficacy;
(F) the status of conservation e
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-16/section-6403-national-coral-reef-resilience-strategy--d88838f63a.md
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Source location: Title 16, Chapter 83, § 6403; chapter-083-coral-reef-conservation.md
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**(a) In general** The Administrator shall—
(1) not later than 2 years after December 23, 2022, develop a national coral reef resilience strategy; and
(2) review and revise the strategy—
(A) not less frequently than once every 15 years;
(B) not less frequently than once every 5 years, in the case of guidance on best practices under subsection (b)(4); and
(C) as appropriate.
**(b) Elements** The strategy required by subsection (a) shall include the following:
(1) A discussion addressing—
(A) continuing and emerging threats to the resilience of United States coral reef ecosystems;
(B) remaining gaps in coral reef ecosystem research, monitoring, and assessment;
(C) the status of management cooperation and integration among Federal reef managers and covered reef managers;
(D) the status of efforts to manage and disseminate critical information, and enhance interjurisdictional data sharing, related to research, reports, data sets, and maps;
(E) areas of special focus, which may include—
(i) improving natural coral recruitment;
(ii) preventing avoidable losses of corals and their habitat;
(iii) enhancing the resilience of coral populations;
(iv) supporting a resilience-based management approach;
(v) developing, coordinating, and implementing watershed management plans;
(vi) building and sustaining watershed management capacity at the local level;
(vii) providing data essential for coral reef fisheries management;
(viii) building capacity for coral reef fisheries management;
(ix) increasing understanding of coral reef ecosystem services;
(x) educating the public on the importance of coral reefs, threats and solutions; and
(xi) evaluating intervention efficacy;
(F) the status of conservation efforts, including the use of marine protected areas to serve as replenishment zones developed consistent with local practices and traditions and in cooperation with, and with respect for the scientific, technical, and management expertise and responsibilities of, covered reef managers;
(G) science-based adaptive management and restoration efforts; and
(H) management of coral reef emergencies and disasters.
(2) A statement of national goals and objectives designed to guide—
(A) future Federal coral reef management and restoration activities authorized under [section 6402 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6402&num=0&edition=prelim);
(B) conservation and restoration priorities for grants awarded under [section 6410 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6410&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(C) research priorities for the reef research coordination institutes designated under section 6412(b)(1)(B) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title.
(3) A designation of priority areas for conservation, and priority areas for restoration, to support the review and approval of grants under [section 6410(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6410/e&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) Technical assistance in the form of general templates for use by covered reef managers and Federal reef managers to guide the development of coral reef action plans under [section 6404 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6404&num=0&edition=prelim), including guidance on the best science-based practices to respond to coral reef emergencies that can be included in coral reef action plans.
**(c) Consultations** In developing all elements of the strategy required by subsection (a), the Administrator shall—
(1) consult with the Secretary of the Interior, the Task Force, covered States, and covered Native entities;
(2) consult with the Secretary of Defense, as appropriate;
(3) engage stakeholders, including covered States, coral reef stewardship partnerships, reef research institutes and research centers described in section 6412 1 of this title, and recipients of grants under [section 6410 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6410&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(4) solicit public review and comment regarding scoping and the draft strategy.
**(d) Submission to Congress; publication** The Administrator shall—
(1) submit the strategy required by subsection (a) and any revisions to the strategy to the appropriate congressional committees; and
(2) publish the strategy and any such revisions on public websites of—
(A) the Coral Reef Conservation Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and
(B) the Task Force.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Reef research coordination institutes**
(1) **Establishment** — The Administrator shall designate 2 reef research coordination institutes for the purpose of advancing and sustaining essential capabilities in coral reef research, one each in the Atlantic and Pacific basins, to be known as the “Atlantic Reef Research Coordination Institute” and the “Pacific Reef Research Coordination Institute”, respectively.
(2) **Membership** — Each institute designated under paragraph (1) shall be housed within a single coral reef research center designated by the Administrator under subsection (b).
(3) **Functions** — The institutes designated under paragraph (1) shall—
(A) conduct federally directed research to fill national and regional coral reef ecosystem research gaps and improve understanding of, and responses to, continuing and emerging threats to the resilience of United States coral reef ecosystems consistent with the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy;
(B) support ecological research and monitoring to study the effects of conservation and restoration activities funded by this chapter on promoting more effective coral reef management and restoration; and
(C) through agreements—
(i) collaborate directly with States, covered Native entities, covered coral reef managers, nonprofit organizations, and other coral reef research centers designated under subsection (b);
(ii) assist in the development and implementation of—
(I) the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy; and
(II) coral reef action plans under [section 6404 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6404&num=0&edition=prelim);
(iii) build capacity within non-Federal governmental resource management agencies to establish
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 6411
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Administrator, the Secretary of the Interior, or the Secretary of Commerce may conduct activities described in subsection (b) to conserve and restore coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems that are consistent with—
(1) all applicable laws governing resource management in Federal and State waters, including this chapter;
(2) the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy; and
(3) coral reef action plans in effect under [section 6404 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6404&num=0&edition=prelim), as applicable.
**(b) Activities described** Activities described in this subsection are activities to conserve, research, monitor, assess, and restore coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems in waters managed under the jurisdiction of a Federal agency specified in subsection (c) or in coordination with a State in waters managed under the jurisdiction of such State, including—
(1) developing, including through the collection of requisite in situ and remotely sensed data, high-quality and digitized maps reflecting—
(A) current and historical live coral cover data;
(B) coral reef habitat quality data;
(C) priority areas for coral reef conservation to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function, including the reef matrix, that benefit coastal communities and living marine resources;
(D) priority areas for coral reef restoration to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function, including the reef matrix, to benefit coastal communities and living marine resources; and
(E) areas of concern that may require enhanced monitoring of coral health and cover;
(2) enhancing compliance with Federal laws that prohibit or regulate—
(A) the taking of coral products or species a
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 6402
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Plans prepared by Federal reef managers**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 3 years after December 23, 2022, and 2 years after the date of publication of each National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy, each Federal reef manager shall—
(A) prepare a coral reef action plan to guide management and restoration activities to be undertaken within the responsibilities and jurisdiction of the manager; or
(B) in the case of a reef under the jurisdiction of a Federal reef manager for which there is an action plan in effect as of December 23, 2022, update that plan to comply with the requirements of this subsection.
(2) **Elements** — A plan prepared under paragraph (1) by a Federal reef manager shall include a discussion of the following:
(A) Short- and medium-term coral reef conservation and restoration objectives within the jurisdiction of the manager.
(B) A current adaptive management framework to inform research, monitoring, and assessment needs.
(C) Tools, strategies, and partnerships necessary to identify, monitor, and address pollution, water quality, and other negative impacts to coral reef ecosystems within the jurisdiction of the manager.
(D) The status of efforts to improve coral reef ecosystem management cooperation and integration between Federal reef managers and covered reef managers, including the identification of existing research and monitoring activities that can be leveraged for coral reef status and trends assessments within the jurisdiction of the manager.
(E) Estimated budgetary and resource considerations necessary to carry out the plan.
(F) Contingencies for response to and recovery from emergencies and disasters.
(G) In the case of an updated plan, annual records of significant management and restoration actions taken
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 6404
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Administrator shall establish a program (to be known as the “Ruth D. Gates Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program”) to provide grants for projects for the conservation and restoration of coral reef ecosystems (in this section referred to as “coral reef projects”) pursuant to proposals approved by the Administrator in accordance with this section.
**(b) Matching requirements for grants**
(1) **In general** — Except as provided in paragraph (3), Federal funds for any coral reef project for which a grant is provided under subsection (a) may not exceed 50 percent of the total cost of the project.
(2) **Non-Federal share** — The non-Federal share of the cost of a coral reef project may be provided by in-kind contributions and other noncash support.
(3) **Waiver** — The Administrator may waive all or part of the matching requirement under paragraph (1) if the Administrator determines that no reasonable means are available through which an applicant can meet the matching requirement with respect to a coral reef project and the probable benefit of the project outweighs the public interest in the matching requirement.
**(c) Eligibility**
(1) **In general** — An entity described in paragraph (2) may submit to the Administrator a proposal for a coral reef project.
(2) **Entities described** — An entity described in this paragraph is—
(A) a covered reef manager or a covered Native entity;
(B) a regional fishery management council established under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act ([16 U.S.C. 1801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(C) a coral reef stewardship partnership seeking to implement a
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 6410
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Subject to the availability of appropriations, the head of any Federal agency with a representative serving on the United States Coral Reef Task Force established by [section 6451 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6451&num=0&edition=prelim), may, individually or in cooperation with one or more agencies, carry out a program to award prizes competitively under [section 3719 of title 15](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section3719&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Purposes** Any program carried out under this section shall be for the purpose of stimulating innovation to advance the ability of the United States to understand, research, or monitor coral reef ecosystems, or to develop management or adaptation options to preserve, sustain, and restore coral reef ecosystems.
**(c) Priority programs** Priority shall be given to establishing programs under this section that address communities, environments, or industries that are in distress as a result of the decline or degradation of coral reef ecosystems, including—
(1) scientific research and monitoring that furthers the understanding of causes behind coral reef decline and degradation and the generally slow recovery following disturbances, including changing ocean chemistry, temperature-related bleaching, disease, and their associated impacts on coral physiology;
(2) the development of monitoring or management options for communities or industries that are experiencing significant financial hardship;
(3) the development of adaptation options to alleviate economic harm and job loss caused by damage to coral reef ecosystems;
(4) the development of measures to help vulnerable communities or industries, with an emph
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 6412
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Administrator** — The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(2) **Alaska Native Corporation** — The term “Alaska Native Corporation” has the meaning given the term “Native Corporation” in [section 1602 of title 43](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1602&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives.
(4) **Conservation** — The term “conservation” means the use of methods and procedures necessary to preserve or sustain native corals and associated species as diverse, viable, and self-perpetuating coral reef ecosystems with minimal impacts from invasive species, including—
(A) all activities associated with resource management, such as monitoring, assessment, protection, restoration, sustainable use, management of habitat, and maintenance or augmentation of genetic diversity;
(B) mapping;
(C) scientific expertise and technical assistance in the development and implementation of management strategies for marine protected areas and marine resources required by Federal law;
(D) law enforcement;
(E) conflict resolution initiatives;
(F) community outreach and education; and
(G) promotion of safe and ecologically sound navigation and anchoring.
(5) **Coral** — The term “coral” means species of the phylum Cnidaria, including—
(A) all species of the orders Antipatharia (black corals), Scleractinia (stony corals), Alcyonacea (soft corals, organ pipe corals, gorgonians), and Helioporacea (blue coral), of the class
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 6415
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2582
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 6403
1 See References in Text note below.
coral reef ecosystems and their ecological and
socioeconomic value; and
(11) centrally archiving, managing, and dis-
tributing on a public website data sets and
coral reef ecosystem assessments, including
the data repositories of the Coral Reef Con-
servation Program of the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration.
(c) Federal agencies specified
A Federal agency specified in this subsection
is one of the following:
(1) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.
(2) The National Park Service.
(3) The United States Fish and Wildlife Serv-
ice.
(4) The Office of Insular Affairs.
(Pub. L. 106–562, title II, § 203, as added Pub. L.
117–263, div. J, title C, § 10001(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136
Stat. 3932.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was in the
original ‘‘this Act’’ which was translated as reading
‘‘this title’’, meaning title II of Pub. L. 106–562, to re-
flect the probable intent of Congress.
The Endangered Species Act of 1973, referred to in
subsec. (b)(4), is Pub. L. 93–205, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat.
884, which is classified principally to chapter 35 (§ 1531
et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this
Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under sec-
tion 1531 of this title and Tables.
PRIOR PROVISIONS
A prior section 6402, Pub. L. 106–562, title II, § 203, Dec.
23, 2000, 114 Stat. 2800, related to national coral reef ac-
tion strategy, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 117–263, div. J,
title C, § 10001(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3931.
§ 6403. National coral reef resilience strategy
(a) In general
The Administrator shall—
(1) not later than 2 years after December 23,
2022, develop a nat
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 6403
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