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16 U.S.C. § 6402 — Federal coral reef management and restoration activities

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

16 U.S.C. § 6402 — Federal coral reef management and restoration activities

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-16/section-6402-federal-coral-reef-management-and-restoration-activities--6ef35c6b20.md
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Source location: Title 16, Chapter 83, § 6402; chapter-083-coral-reef-conservation.md

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**(a) In general** The Administrator, the Secretary of the Interior, or the Secretary of Commerce may conduct activities described in subsection (b) to conserve and restore coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems that are consistent with— (1) all applicable laws governing resource management in Federal and State waters, including this chapter; (2) the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy; and (3) coral reef action plans in effect under [section 6404 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6404&num=0&edition=prelim), as applicable. **(b) Activities described** Activities described in this subsection are activities to conserve, research, monitor, assess, and restore coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems in waters managed under the jurisdiction of a Federal agency specified in subsection (c) or in coordination with a State in waters managed under the jurisdiction of such State, including— (1) developing, including through the collection of requisite in situ and remotely sensed data, high-quality and digitized maps reflecting— (A) current and historical live coral cover data; (B) coral reef habitat quality data; (C) priority areas for coral reef conservation to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function, including the reef matrix, that benefit coastal communities and living marine resources; (D) priority areas for coral reef restoration to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function, including the reef matrix, to benefit coastal communities and living marine resources; and (E) areas of concern that may require enhanced monitoring of coral health and cover; (2) enhancing compliance with Federal laws that prohibit or regulate— (A) the taking of coral products or species associated with coral reefs; or (B) the use and management of coral reef ecosystems; (3) long-term ecological monitoring of coral reef ecosystems; (4) implementing species-specific recovery plans for listed coral species consistent with the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ([16 U.S.C. 1531](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1531&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); (5) restoring degraded coral reef ecosystems; (6) reducing land-based stressors to coral reef ecosystems; (7) promoting ecologically sound navigation and anchorages, including through navigational aids and expansion of reef-safe anchorages and mooring buoy systems, to enhance recreational access while preventing or minimizing the likelihood of vessel impacts or other physical damage to coral reefs; (8) monitoring and responding to severe bleaching or mortality events, disease outbreaks, invasive species outbreaks, and significant maritime accidents, including hazardous spill cleanup and the removal of grounded vessels; (9) conducting scientific research that contributes to the understanding, sustainable use, and long-term conservation of coral reefs; (10) enhancing public awareness, understanding, and appreciation of coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems and their ecological and socioeconomic value; and (11) centrally archiving, managing, and distributing on a public website data sets and coral reef ecosystem assessments, including the data repositories of the Coral Reef Conservation Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. **(c) Federal agencies specified** A Federal agency specified in this subsection is one of the following: (1) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2) The National Park Service. (3) The United States Fish and Wildlife Service. (4) The Office of Insular Affairs.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

16 U.S.C. § 1531 — Congressional findings and declaration of purposes and policy

**(a) Findings** The Congress finds and declares that— (1) various species of fish, wildlife, and plants in the United States have been rendered extinct as a consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation; (2) other species of fish, wildlife, and plants have been so depleted in numbers that they are in danger of or threatened with extinction; (3) these species of fish, wildlife, and plants are of esthetic, ecological, educational, historical, recreational, and scientific value to the Nation and its people; (4) the United States has pledged itself as a sovereign state in the international community to conserve to the extent practicable the various species of fish or wildlife and plants facing extinction, pursuant to— (A) migratory bird treaties with Canada and Mexico; (B) the Migratory and Endangered Bird Treaty with Japan; (C) the Convention on Nature Protection and Wildlife Preservation in the Western Hemisphere; (D) the International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries; (E) the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean; (F) the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; and (G) other international agreements; and (5) encouraging the States and other interested parties, through Federal financial assistance and a system of incentives, to develop and maintain conservation programs which meet national and international standards is a key to meeting the Nation’s international commitments and to better safeguarding, for the benefit of all citizens, the Nation’s heritage in fish, wildlife, and plants. **(b) Purposes** The purposes of this chapter are to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

16 U.S.C. § 6404 — Coral reef action plans

**(a) Plans prepared by Federal reef managers** (1) **In general** — Not later than 3 years after December 23, 2022, and 2 years after the date of publication of each National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy, each Federal reef manager shall— (A) prepare a coral reef action plan to guide management and restoration activities to be undertaken within the responsibilities and jurisdiction of the manager; or (B) in the case of a reef under the jurisdiction of a Federal reef manager for which there is an action plan in effect as of December 23, 2022, update that plan to comply with the requirements of this subsection. (2) **Elements** — A plan prepared under paragraph (1) by a Federal reef manager shall include a discussion of the following: (A) Short- and medium-term coral reef conservation and restoration objectives within the jurisdiction of the manager. (B) A current adaptive management framework to inform research, monitoring, and assessment needs. (C) Tools, strategies, and partnerships necessary to identify, monitor, and address pollution, water quality, and other negative impacts to coral reef ecosystems within the jurisdiction of the manager. (D) The status of efforts to improve coral reef ecosystem management cooperation and integration between Federal reef managers and covered reef managers, including the identification of existing research and monitoring activities that can be leveraged for coral reef status and trends assessments within the jurisdiction of the manager. (E) Estimated budgetary and resource considerations necessary to carry out the plan. (F) Contingencies for response to and recovery from emergencies and disasters. (G) In the case of an updated plan, annual records of significant management and restoration actions taken

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

16 U.S.C. § 6403 — National coral reef resilience strategy

**(a) In general** The Administrator shall— (1) not later than 2 years after December 23, 2022, develop a national coral reef resilience strategy; and (2) review and revise the strategy— (A) not less frequently than once every 15 years; (B) not less frequently than once every 5 years, in the case of guidance on best practices under subsection (b)(4); and (C) as appropriate. **(b) Elements** The strategy required by subsection (a) shall include the following: (1) A discussion addressing— (A) continuing and emerging threats to the resilience of United States coral reef ecosystems; (B) remaining gaps in coral reef ecosystem research, monitoring, and assessment; (C) the status of management cooperation and integration among Federal reef managers and covered reef managers; (D) the status of efforts to manage and disseminate critical information, and enhance interjurisdictional data sharing, related to research, reports, data sets, and maps; (E) areas of special focus, which may include— (i) improving natural coral recruitment; (ii) preventing avoidable losses of corals and their habitat; (iii) enhancing the resilience of coral populations; (iv) supporting a resilience-based management approach; (v) developing, coordinating, and implementing watershed management plans; (vi) building and sustaining watershed management capacity at the local level; (vii) providing data essential for coral reef fisheries management; (viii) building capacity for coral reef fisheries management; (ix) increasing understanding of coral reef ecosystem services; (x) educating the public on the importance of coral reefs, threats and solutions; and (xi) evaluating intervention efficacy; (F) the status of conservation e

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

16 U.S.C. § 1531 — Congressional findings and declaration of

Page 1909 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 1531 maintenance of continuing and stable supply of agri- cultural commodities and forest products. Section 1502, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1002, as added Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 242, required eligible landowners and operators to furnish plan of farming operations or land use to Secretary. Section 1503, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1003, as added Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 242; amended Pub. L. 93–125, § 1(g)(i), Oct. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 450, related to approved conservation plans as basis for contracts, duties under contracts, and termination or modifica- tion of contracts. Section 1504, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1004, as added Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 243, author- ized furnishing of conservation materials to eligible owners and operators. Section 1505, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1005, as added Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 243; amended Pub. L. 95–113, title XV, § 1509, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 1022, authorized establishment of multiyear set-aside contracts. Section 1506, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1006, as added Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 244, author- ized issuance of rules and regulations as well as limita- tions on total retired acreage. Section 1507, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1007, as added Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 244; amended Pub. L. 93–125, § 1(g)(ii), Oct. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 450, di- rected appointment of advisory boards to assist in de- velopment of programs under this chapter. Section 1508, Pub. L. 91–524, title X, § 1008, as added Pub. L. 93–86, § 1(28), Aug. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 244, directed coordination with and utilization of Federal, State, and local services and facili

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

16 U.S.C. § 6402 — Federal coral reef management and res-

Page 2581 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 6402 EX. ORD. NO. 13196. FINAL NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM RESERVE Ex. Ord. No. 13196, Jan. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 7395, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the National Marine Sanctuaries Act, (16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), and the National Marine Sanctuaries Amendments Act of 2000, Public Law 106–513 [see Short Title of 2000 Amendment note set out under section 1431 of this title], and in furtherance of the purposes of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Con- servation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act [of 1972] (33 U.S.C. 1401 et seq. [16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq., 1447 et seq., 33 U.S.C. 1401 et seq., 2801 et seq.]), Coastal Zone Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1451 et seq.), Endangered Species Act [of 1973] (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Marine Mammal Protection Act [of 1972] (16 U.S.C. 1362 [1361] et seq.), Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), National Historic Preservation Act ([former] 16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.) [see 54 U.S.C. 300101 et seq.], National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act (16 U.S.C. 668dd–e.e. [16 U.S.C. 668dd–668ee]), and other pertinent statutes, it is ordered as follows: SEC. 1. Preamble. On December 4, 2000, I issued Execu- tive Order 13178 [set out above] establishing the North- western Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Re- serve (Reserve) pursuant to my authority under the Na- tional Marine Sanctuaries Act, as amended by the Na- tional Marine Sanctuary Amendments Act of 2000 (Act). In establishing the Reserve, I set forth a number of conservation measures and created specific Reserve Preservation Areas to protect the coral reef eco

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