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22 U.S.C. § 6413 — Office on International Religious Freedom; Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6413 — Office on International Religious Freedom; Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-6413-office-on-international-religious-freedom-ambassador-at-large-for-intern--b105c30ed9.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 73, § 6413; chapter-073-international-religious-freedom.md

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**(a) Establishment of Office** There is established within the Department of State an Office on International Religious Freedom that shall be headed by the Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom appointed under subsection (b). **(b) Appointment** The Ambassador at Large shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall report directly to the Secretary of State. **(c) Duties** The Ambassador at Large shall have the following responsibilities: (1) **In general** — The primary responsibilities of the Ambassador at Large shall be to— (A) advance the right to freedom of religion abroad, to denounce the violation of that right, and to recommend appropriate responses by the United States Government when this right is violated; and (B) integrate United States international religious freedom policies and strategies into the foreign policy efforts of the United States. (2) **Advisory role** — The Ambassador at Large shall be a principal adviser to the President and the principal adviser to the Secretary of State regarding matters affecting religious freedom abroad and, with advice from the Commission on International Religious Freedom, shall make recommendations regarding— (A) the policies of the United States Government toward governments that violate freedom of religion or that fail to ensure the individual’s right to religious belief and practice; and (B) policies to advance the right to religious freedom abroad. (3) **Diplomatic representation** — Subject to the direction of the President and the Secretary of State, the Ambassador at Large is authorized to represent the United States in matters and cases relevant to religious freedom abroad in— (A) contacts with foreign governments, intergovernmental organizations, and specialized agencies of the United Nations, the Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe, and other international organizations of which the United States is a member; (B) multilateral conferences and meetings relevant to religious freedom abroad; and (C) contacts with nongovernmental organizations that have an impact on the state of religious freedom in their respective societies or regions, or internationally. (4) **Coordination responsibilities** — In order to promote religious freedom as an interest of United States foreign policy, the Ambassador at Large— (A) shall coordinate international religious freedom policies across all programs, projects, and activities of the United States; and (B) should participate in any interagency processes on issues in which the promotion of international religious freedom policy can advance United States national security interests, including in democracy promotion, stability, security, and development globally. (5) **Reporting responsibilities** — The Ambassador at Large shall have the reporting responsibilities described in [section 6412 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6412&num=0&edition=prelim). **(d) Funding** The Secretary of State shall provide the Ambassador at Large with such funds as may be necessary for the hiring of appropriate staff for the Office, including full-time equivalent positions and other temporary staff positions needed to compile, edit, and manage the Annual Report under the direct supervision of the Ambassador at Large, and for the conduct of investigations by the Office and for necessary travel to carry out this chapter. The Secretary of State should provide the Ambassador at Large with sufficient funding to carry out the duties described in this section, including, as necessary, representation funds. On the date on which the President’s annual budget request is submitted to Congress, the Secretary shall submit an annual report to the appropriate congressional committees that includes a report on staffing levels for the International Religious Freedom Office.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6401 — Voluntary codes of conduct for United States institutions of higher education outside the United States

**(a) Finding** Congress recognizes the enduring importance of United States institutions of higher education worldwide— (1) for their potential for shaping positive leadership and new educational models in host countries; and (2) for their emphasis on teaching universally recognized rights of free inquiry and academic freedom. **(b) Sense of Congress** It is the sense of Congress that United States institutions of higher education operating campuses outside the United States or establishing any educational entities with foreign governments, particularly with or in countries the governments of which engage in or tolerate severe violations of religious freedom as identified in the Annual Report, should seek to adopt a voluntary code of conduct for operating in such countries that should— (1) uphold the right of freedom of religion of their employees and students, including the right to manifest that religion peacefully as protected in international law; (2) ensure that the religious views and peaceful practice of religion in no way affect, or be allowed to affect, the status of a worker’s or faculty member’s employment or a student’s enrollment; and (3) make every effort in all negotiations, contracts, or memoranda of understanding engaged in or constructed with a foreign government to protect academic freedom and the rights enshrined in the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6412 — Definitions

In this chapter: (1) **Ambassador at Large** — The term “Ambassador at Large” means the Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom appointed under [section 6411(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6411/b&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) **Annual Report** — The term “Annual Report” means the Annual Report on International Religious Freedom described in [section 6412(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6412/b&num=0&edition=prelim). (3) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives; and (B) in the case of any determination made with respect to the taking of President 11 So in original. Probably should be “Presidential”. action under paragraphs (9) through (15) of [section 6445(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6445/a&num=0&edition=prelim), the term includes the committees described in subparagraph (A) and, where appropriate, the Committee on Banking and Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate. (4) **Commensurate action** — The term “commensurate action” means action taken by the President under [section 6445(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6445/b&num=0&edition=prelim). (5) **Commission** — The term “Commission” means the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom established in [section 6431(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?r

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6413 — Establishment of religious freedom Inter-

Page 1804 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 6413 Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–281, § 102(a)(3), in intro- ductory provisions, inserted ‘‘persecution of lawyers, politicians, or other human rights advocates seeking to defend the rights of members of religious groups or highlight religious freedom violations, prohibitions on ritual animal slaughter or male infant circumcision,’’ after ‘‘entire religions,’’ and ‘‘policies that ban or re- strict the public manifestation of religious belief and the peaceful involvement of religious groups or their members in the political life of each such foreign coun- try,’’ after ‘‘such groups,’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 114–281, § 102(a)(4), sub- stituted ‘‘A detailed description of United States ac- tions, diplomatic and political coordination efforts, and other’’ for ‘‘A description of United States actions and’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(F)(i). Pub. L. 114–281, § 102(a)(5), sub- stituted ‘‘section 6442(b)(1)(A)(ii) of this title’’ for ‘‘sec- tion 6442(b)(1) of this title’’ and inserted at end ‘‘Any country in which a non-state actor designated as an en- tity of particular concern for religious freedom under section 6442a of this title is located shall be included in this section of the report.’’ 2004—Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 108–332 added cl. (iv). 2002—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 107–228 inserted ‘‘in- cluding policies that discriminate against particular religious groups or members of such groups,’’ after ‘‘the existence of government policies violating religious freedom,’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2004 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 108–332 applicable beginning with the first report under sections 2151n(d), 2304(b), and 6412(b) of this title submitted more than 18

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