22 U.S.C. § 6413 — Establishment of religious freedom Inter-

Page 1804 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 6413 Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–281, § 102(a)(3), in intro- ductory provisions, inserted ‘‘persecution of lawyers, politicians, or other human rights advocates seeking to defend the rights of members of religious groups or highlight religious freedom violations, prohibitions on ritual animal slaughter or male infant circumcision,’’ after ‘‘entire religions,’’ and ‘‘policies that ban or re- strict the public manifestation of religious belief and the peaceful involvement of religious groups or their members in the political life of each such foreign coun- try,’’ after ‘‘such groups,’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 114–281, § 102(a)(4), sub- stituted ‘‘A detailed description of United States ac- tions, diplomatic and political coordination efforts, and other’’ for ‘‘A description of United States actions and’’. Subsec. (b)(1)(F)(i). Pub. L. 114–281, § 102(a)(5), sub- stituted ‘‘section 6442(b)(1)(A)(ii) of this title’’ for ‘‘sec- tion 6442(b)(1) of this title’’ and inserted at end ‘‘Any country in which a non-state actor designated as an en- tity of particular concern for religious freedom under section 6442a of this title is located shall be included in this section of the report.’’ 2004—Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 108–332 added cl. (iv). 2002—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 107–228 inserted ‘‘in- cluding policies that discriminate against particular religious groups or members of such groups,’’ after ‘‘the existence of government policies violating religious freedom,’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2004 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 108–332 applicable beginning with the first report under sections 2151n(d), 2304(b), and 6412(b) of this title submitted more than 180 days after Oct. 16, 2004, see section 6(c) of Pub. L. 108–332, set out as a note under section 2151n of this title. ABOLITION OF IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE AND TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. FINDINGS Pub. L. 115–434, § 2, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5526, pro- vided that: ‘‘Congress finds the following: ‘‘(1) During the past decade, there has been a steady increase in anti-Semitic incidents in Europe, result- ing in European Jews being the targets of physical and verbal harassment and even lethal terrorist at- tacks, all of which has eroded personal and communal security and the quality of daily Jewish life. ‘‘(2) According to reporting by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), between 2005 and 2014, anti-Semitic incidents increased in France from 508 to 851; in Germany from 60 to 173; in Belgium from 58 to 130; in Italy from 49 to 86; and in the United Kingdom from 459 to 1,168. ‘‘(3) Anti-Zionism has at times devolved into anti- Semitic attacks, prompting condemnation from many European leaders, including French Prime Min- ister Manuel Valls, British Prime Minister David Cameron, and German Chancellor Angela Merkel. ‘‘(4) Since 2010, the Department of State has ad- hered to the working definition of Anti-Semitism by the European Monitoring Center on Racism and Xen- ophobia (EUMC). Some contemporary examples of anti-Semitism include the following: ‘‘(A) Calling for, aiding, or justifying the killing or harming of Jews (often in the name of a radical ideology or an extremist view of religion). ‘‘(B) Making mendacious, dehumanizing, demon- izing, or stereotypical allegations about Jews as such, or the power of Jews as a collective, espe- cially, but not exclusively, the myth about a world Jewish conspiracy or of Jews controlling the media, economy, government, or other societal institu- tions. ‘‘(C) Accusing Jews as a people of being respon- sible for real or imagined wrongdoing committed by a single Jewish person or group, the State of Israel, or even for acts committed by non-Jews. ‘‘(D) Accusing the Jews as a people, or Israel as a state, of inventing or exaggerating the Holocaust. ‘‘(E) Accusing Jewish citizens of being more loyal to Israel, or to the alleged priorities of Jews world- wide, than to the interest of their own countries. ‘‘(5) On October 16, 2004, the President signed into law the Global Anti-Semitism Review Act of 2004 [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note set out under section 2651 of this title]. This law provides the legal foundation for a reporting requirement provided by the Department of State annually on anti-Semitism around the world. ‘‘(6) In November 2015, the House of Representatives passed H. Res. 354 by a vote of 418–0, urging the Sec- retary of State to continue robust United States re- porting on anti-Semitism by the Department of State and the Special Envoy to Combat and Monitor Anti- Semitism. ‘‘(7) In 2016, the International Holocaust Remem- brance Alliance (IHRA), comprised of 31 member countries, adopted a working definition of anti-Semi- tism which stated: ‘Anti-Semitism is a certain per- ception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred to- ward Jews. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of anti-Semitism are directed toward Jewish or non- Jewish individuals and/or their property, toward Jew- ish community institutions and religious facilities.’. ‘‘(8) The IHRA further clarified that manifestations of anti-Semitism might also target the State of Israel, conceived of as a Jewish collectivity. Anti- Semitism frequently charges Jews with conspiring to harm humanity, and it is often used to blame Jews for ‘why things go wrong’. It is expressed in speech, writing, visual forms, and action, and employs sin- ister stereotypes and negative character traits.’’ § 6413. Establishment of religious freedom Inter- net site In order to facilitate access by nongovern- mental organizations (NGOs) and by the public around the world to international documents on the protection of religious freedom, the Sec- retary of State, with the assistance of the Am- bassador at Large, shall establish and maintain an Internet site containing major international documents relating to religious freedom, the Annual Report, the Executive Summary, and any other documentation or references to other sites as deemed appropriate or relevant by the Ambassador at Large. (Pub. L. 105–292, title I, § 103, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2795.) § 6414. High-level contacts with nongovernmental organizations United States chiefs of mission shall seek out and contact religious nongovernmental organi- zations to provide high-level meetings with reli- gious nongovernmental organizations where ap- propriate and beneficial. United States chiefs of mission and Foreign Service officers abroad shall seek to meet with imprisoned religious leaders where appropriate and beneficial. (Pub. L. 105–292, title I, § 105, Oct. 27, 1998, 112 Stat. 2795.) § 6415. Programs and allocations of funds by United States missions abroad It is the sense of the Congress that—