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7 U.S.C. § 7625 — Biobased products
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) “Biobased product” defined** In this section, the term “biobased product” means a product suitable for food or nonfood use that is derived in whole or in part from renewable agricultural and forestry materials.
**(b) Coordination of biobased product activities** The Secretary of Agriculture shall—
(1) coordinate the research, technical expertise, economic information, and market information resources and activities of the Department to develop, commercialize, and promote the use of biobased products;
(2) solicit input from private sector persons who produce, or are interested in producing, biobased products;
(3) provide a centralized contact point for advice and technical assistance for promising and innovative biobased products; and
(4) submit an annual report to Congress describing the coordinated research, marketing, and commercialization activities of the Department relating to biobased products.
**(c) Cooperative agreements for biobased products**
(1) **Agreements authorized** — The Secretary may enter into cooperative agreements with private entities described in subsection (d), under which the facilities and technical expertise of the Agricultural Research Service and the Forest Service may be made available to operate pilot plants and other large-scale preparation facilities for the purpose of bringing technologies necessary for the development and commercialization of new biobased products to the point of practical application.
(2) **Description of cooperative activities** — Cooperative activities may include—
(A) research on potential environmental impacts of a biobased product;
(B) methods to reduce the cost of manufacturing a biobased product; and
(C) other appropriate research.
(3) **Authority of Secretary** — To carry out a cooperat
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 7625
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_b383552083610c6478e166af
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-7/section-7625-biobased-products--1f0d85a2af.md
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Source location: Title 7, Chapter 103, § 7625; chapter-103-agricultural-research-extension-and-education-reform.md
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**(a) “Biobased product” defined** In this section, the term “biobased product” means a product suitable for food or nonfood use that is derived in whole or in part from renewable agricultural and forestry materials.
**(b) Coordination of biobased product activities** The Secretary of Agriculture shall—
(1) coordinate the research, technical expertise, economic information, and market information resources and activities of the Department to develop, commercialize, and promote the use of biobased products;
(2) solicit input from private sector persons who produce, or are interested in producing, biobased products;
(3) provide a centralized contact point for advice and technical assistance for promising and innovative biobased products; and
(4) submit an annual report to Congress describing the coordinated research, marketing, and commercialization activities of the Department relating to biobased products.
**(c) Cooperative agreements for biobased products**
(1) **Agreements authorized** — The Secretary may enter into cooperative agreements with private entities described in subsection (d), under which the facilities and technical expertise of the Agricultural Research Service and the Forest Service may be made available to operate pilot plants and other large-scale preparation facilities for the purpose of bringing technologies necessary for the development and commercialization of new biobased products to the point of practical application.
(2) **Description of cooperative activities** — Cooperative activities may include—
(A) research on potential environmental impacts of a biobased product;
(B) methods to reduce the cost of manufacturing a biobased product; and
(C) other appropriate research.
(3) **Authority of Secretary** — To carry out a cooperative agreement with a private entity under paragraph (1), the Secretary may rent to the private entity equipment, the title of which is held by the Federal Government.
**(d) Eligible partners** The following entities shall be eligible to enter into a cooperative agreement under subsection (c):
(1) A party that has entered into a cooperative research and development agreement with the Secretary under section 12 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 ([15 U.S.C. 3710a](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section3710a&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(2) A recipient of funding from the Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation.
(3) A recipient of funding from the Secretary under a Small Business Innovation Research Program established under [section 638 of title 15](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section638&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(e) Pilot project** The Secretary, acting through the Agricultural Research Service, may establish and carry out a pilot project under which grants are provided, on a competitive basis, to scientists of the Agricultural Research Service to—
(1) encourage innovative and collaborative science; and
(2) during each of fiscal years 1999 through 2012, develop biobased products with promising commercial potential.
**(f) Source of funds**
(1) **In general** — Except as provided in paragraph (2), to carry out this section, the Secretary may use—
(A) funds appropriated to carry out this section; and
(B) funds otherwise available for cooperative research and development agreements under the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 ([15 U.S.C. 3701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section3701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
(2) **Exception** — The Secretary may not use funds referred to in paragraph (1)(B) to carry out subsection (e).
**(g) Sale of developed products** For the purpose of determining the market potential for new biobased products produced at a pilot plant or other large-scale preparation facility under a cooperative agreement under this section, the Secretary shall authorize the private partner or partners to the agreement to sell the products.
**(h) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal years 1999 through 2012.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General authority** Each Federal agency may permit the director of any of its Government-operated Federal laboratories, and, to the extent provided in an agency-approved joint work statement or, if permitted by the agency, in an agency-approved annual strategic plan, the director of any of its Government-owned, contractor-operated laboratories—
(1) to enter into cooperative research and development agreements on behalf of such agency (subject to subsection (c) of this section) with other Federal agencies; units of State, local, or territorial government; industrial organizations (including corporations, partnerships, and limited partnerships, and industrial development organizations); public and private foundations; nonprofit organizations (including universities); or other persons (including licensees of inventions owned by the Federal agency); and
(2) to negotiate licensing agreements under [section 207 of title 35](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title35-section207&num=0&edition=prelim), or under other authorities (in the case of a Government-owned, contractor-operated laboratory, subject to subsection (c) of this section) for inventions made or other intellectual property developed at the laboratory and other inventions or other intellectual property that may be voluntarily assigned to the Government.
**(b) Enumerated authority**
(1) Under an agreement entered into pursuant to subsection (a)(1), the laboratory may grant, or agree to grant in advance, to a collaborating party patent licenses or assignments, or options thereto, in any invention made in whole or in part by a laboratory employee under the agreement, or, subject to [section 209 of title 35](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title35-section
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 3710a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds and declares that:
(1) Technology and industrial innovation are central to the economic, environmental, and social well-being of citizens of the United States.
(2) Technology and industrial innovation offer an improved standard of living, increased public and private sector productivity, creation of new industries and employment opportunities, improved public services and enhanced competitiveness of United States products in world markets.
(3) Many new discoveries and advances in science occur in universities and Federal laboratories, while the application of this new knowledge to commercial and useful public purposes depends largely upon actions by business and labor. Cooperation among academia, Federal laboratories, labor, and industry, in such forms as technology transfer, personnel exchange, joint research projects, and others, should be renewed, expanded, and strengthened.
(4) Small businesses have performed an important role in advancing industrial and technological innovation.
(5) Industrial and technological innovation in the United States may be lagging when compared to historical patterns and other industrialized nations.
(6) Increased industrial and technological innovation would reduce trade deficits, stabilize the dollar, increase productivity gains, increase employment, and stabilize prices.
(7) Government antitrust, economic, trade, patent, procurement, regulatory, research and development, and tax policies have significant impacts upon industrial innovation and development of technology, but there is insufficient knowledge of their effects in particular sectors of the economy.
(8) No comprehensive national policy exists to enhance technological innovation for commercial and public purposes. There is a need for such a policy, in
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 3701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Declaration of policy** Research and development are major factors in the growth and progress of industry and the national economy. The expense of carrying on research and development programs is beyond the means of many small-business concerns, and such concerns are handicapped in obtaining the benefits of research and development programs conducted at Government expense. These small-business concerns are thereby placed at a competitive disadvantage. This weakens the competitive free enterprise system and prevents the orderly development of the national economy. It is the policy of the Congress that assistance be given to small-business concerns to enable them to undertake and to obtain the benefits of research and development in order to maintain and strengthen the competitive free enterprise system and the national economy.
**(b) Assistance to small-business concerns** It shall be the duty of the Administration, and it is empowered—
(1) to assist small-business concerns to obtain Government contracts for research and development;
(2) to assist small-business concerns to obtain the benefits of research and development performed under Government contracts or at Government expense;
(3) to provide technical assistance to small-business concerns to accomplish the purposes of this section;
(4) to develop and maintain a source file and an information program to assure each qualified and interested small business concern the opportunity to participate in Federal agency small business innovation research programs and small business technology transfer programs;
(5) to coordinate with participating agencies a schedule for release of SBIR and STTR solicitations, and to prepare a master release schedule so as to maximize small businesses’ opportunities to respond to
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 638
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given the term in [section 5602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section5602&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher** — The term “geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher” has the meaning given the term in section 10906(a) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 ([7 U.S.C. 2204](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2204&num=0&edition=prelim) note; Public Law 107–171).
**(b) Authorization** Subject to the availability of funds under subsection (d), the Secretary may provide geographically disadvantaged farmers or ranchers direct reimbursement payments for activities described in subsection (c).
**(c) Transportation**
(1) **In general** — Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the Secretary may provide direct reimbursement payments to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher to transport an agricultural commodity, or inputs used to produce an agricultural commodity, during a fiscal year.
(2) **Proof of eligibility** — To be eligible to receive assistance under paragraph (1), a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher shall demonstrate to the Secretary that transportation of the agricultural commodity or inputs occurred over a distance of more than 30 miles, as determined by the Secretary.
(3) **Amount**
(A) *In general* — Subject to paragraph (2), the amount of direct reimbursement payments made to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher under this section for a fiscal year shall equal the product obtained by multiplying—
(i) the amount of costs incurred by the geographically di
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 8701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary shall, in coordination with the Secretary of Agriculture, not less frequently than every 2 years, review and evaluate relevant health data and other relevant information, including from toxicological and epidemiological studies and analyses, current Good Manufacturing Practices issued by the Secretary relating to food, and relevant recommendations of relevant advisory committees, including the Food Advisory Committee, to determine the most significant foodborne contaminants.
**(b) Guidance documents and regulations** Based on the review and evaluation conducted under subsection (a), and when appropriate to reduce the risk of serious illness or death to humans or animals or to prevent adulteration of the food under [section 342 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section342&num=0&edition=prelim) or to prevent the spread by food of communicable disease under [section 264 of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section264&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary shall issue contaminant-specific and science-based guidance documents, including guidance documents regarding action levels, or regulations. Such guidance, including guidance regarding action levels, or regulations—
(1) shall apply to products or product classes;
(2) shall, where appropriate, differentiate between food for human consumption and food intended for consumption by animals other than humans; and
(3) shall not be written to be facility-specific.
**(c) No duplication of efforts** The Secretary shall coordinate with the Secretary of Agriculture to avoid issuing duplicative guidance on the same contaminants.
**(d) Review** The Secretary shall periodically review and revise, as appropr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 2201
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general**
(1) **Initial report** — The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall, not later than 2 years after January 4, 2011, submit to Congress a comprehensive report that identifies programs and practices that are intended to promote the safety and supply chain security of food and to prevent outbreaks of foodborne illness and other food-related hazards that can be addressed through preventive activities. Such report shall include a description of the following:
(A) Analysis of the need for further regulations or guidance to industry.
(B) Outreach to food industry sectors, including through the Food and Agriculture Coordinating Councils referred to in [section 2203 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section2203&num=0&edition=prelim), to identify potential sources of emerging threats to the safety and security of the food supply and preventive strategies to address those threats.
(C) Systems to ensure the prompt distribution to the food industry of information and technical assistance concerning preventive strategies.
(D) Communication systems to ensure that information about specific threats to the safety and security of the food supply are rapidly and effectively disseminated.
(E) Surveillance systems and laboratory networks to rapidly detect and respond to foodborne illness outbreaks and other food-related hazards, including how such systems and networks are integrated.
(F) Outreach, education, and training provided to States and local governments to build State and local food safety and food defense capabilities, including progress implementing strategies developed under sections 2202 and 2224 of this title.
(G) The esti
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 2204
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Except as provided by sections 102, 206, 207, 302, 304, 402, 403, and 404 of this Act, and the amendments made by such sections, nothing in this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, shall be construed to apply to a facility that—
(1) under the Federal Alcohol Administration Act ([27 U.S.C. 201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title27-section201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) or chapter 51 of subtitle E of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 ([26 U.S.C. 5001](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section5001&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) is required to obtain a permit or to register with the Secretary of the Treasury as a condition of doing business in the United States; and
(2) under [section 350d of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section350d&num=0&edition=prelim) is required to register as a facility because such facility is engaged in manufacturing, processing, packing, or holding 1 or more alcoholic beverages, with respect to the activities of such facility that relate to the manufacturing, processing, packing, or holding of alcoholic beverages.
**(b) Limited receipt and distribution of non-alcohol food** Subsection (a) shall not apply to a facility engaged in the receipt and distribution of any non-alcohol food, except that such paragraph shall apply to a facility described in such paragraph that receives and distributes non-alcohol food, provided such food is received and distributed—
(1) in a prepackaged form that prevents any direct human contact with such food; and
(2) in amounts that constitute not more than 5 percent of the overall sales of such facility, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury.
**(c) Rule of construc
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 2206
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definition of foodborne illness outbreak** In this Act, the term “foodborne illness outbreak” means the occurrence of 2 or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the ingestion of a certain food.
**(b) Foodborne illness surveillance systems**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall enhance foodborne illness surveillance systems to improve the collection, analysis, reporting, and usefulness of data on foodborne illnesses by—
(A) coordinating Federal, State and local foodborne illness surveillance systems, including complaint systems, and increasing participation in national networks of public health and food regulatory agencies and laboratories;
(B) facilitating sharing of surveillance information on a more timely basis among governmental agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Homeland Security, and State and local agencies, and with the public;
(C) developing improved epidemiological tools for obtaining quality exposure data and microbiological methods for classifying cases;
(D) augmenting such systems to improve attribution of a foodborne illness outbreak to a specific food;
(E) expanding capacity of such systems, including working toward automatic electronic searches, for implementation of identification practices, including fingerprinting strategies, for foodborne infectious agents, in order to identify new or rarely documented causes of foodborne illness and submit standardized information to a centralized database;
(F) allowing timely public access to aggregated, de-identified surveillance data;
(G) at least annually, publishing current reports on findings from such systems;
(H) estab
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 2224
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Nothing in this Act, or an amendment made by this Act, shall be construed to—
(1) alter the jurisdiction between the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, under applicable statutes, regulations, or agreements regarding voluntary inspection of non-amenable species under the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 ([7 U.S.C. 1621](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1621&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(2) alter the jurisdiction between the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, under applicable statutes and regulations;
(3) limit the authority of the Secretary of Health and Human Services under—
(A) the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ([21 U.S.C. 301](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section301&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) as in effect on the day before January 4, 2011; or
(B) the Public Health Service Act [[42 U.S.C. 201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] as in effect on the day before January 4, 2011;
(4) alter or limit the authority of the Secretary of Agriculture under the laws administered by such Secretary, including—
(A) the Federal Meat Inspection Act ([21 U.S.C. 601](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section601&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(B) the Poultry Products Inspection Act ([21 U.S.C. 451](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section451&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(C) the Egg Products Inspection Act ([21 U.S.C. 1031](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section1031&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 2251
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Nothing in this Act (or an amendment made by this Act) shall be construed in a manner inconsistent with the agreement establishing the World Trade Organization or any other treaty or international agreement to which the United States is a party.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 2252
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