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7 U.S.C. § 8701 — Geographically disadvantaged farmers and ranchers

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

7 U.S.C. § 8701 — Geographically disadvantaged farmers and ranchers

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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_bb63d63a0413c1254218e9d4
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-7/section-8701-geographically-disadvantaged-farmers-and-ranchers--86192c3424.md
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Source location: Title 7, Chapter 113, § 8701; chapter-113-agricultural-commodity-support-programs.md

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**(a) Definitions** In this section: (1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given the term in [section 5602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section5602&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) **Geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher** — The term “geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher” has the meaning given the term in section 10906(a) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 ([7 U.S.C. 2204](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2204&num=0&edition=prelim) note; Public Law 107–171). **(b) Authorization** Subject to the availability of funds under subsection (d), the Secretary may provide geographically disadvantaged farmers or ranchers direct reimbursement payments for activities described in subsection (c). **(c) Transportation** (1) **In general** — Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the Secretary may provide direct reimbursement payments to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher to transport an agricultural commodity, or inputs used to produce an agricultural commodity, during a fiscal year. (2) **Proof of eligibility** — To be eligible to receive assistance under paragraph (1), a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher shall demonstrate to the Secretary that transportation of the agricultural commodity or inputs occurred over a distance of more than 30 miles, as determined by the Secretary. (3) **Amount** (A) *In general* — Subject to paragraph (2), the amount of direct reimbursement payments made to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher under this section for a fiscal year shall equal the product obtained by multiplying— (i) the amount of costs incurred by the geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher for transportation of the agricultural commodity or inputs during the fiscal year; and (ii) (I) the percentage of the allowance for that fiscal year under [section 5941 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5941&num=0&edition=prelim) for Federal employees stationed in Alaska and Hawaii; or (II) in the case of an insular area (as defined in [section 3103 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section3103&num=0&edition=prelim)), a comparable percentage of the allowance for the fiscal year, as determined by the Secretary. (B) *Limitation* — The total amount of direct reimbursement payments provided by the Secretary under this section shall not exceed $15,000,000 for a fiscal year. **(d) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section for fiscal year 2009 and each succeeding fiscal year.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

7 U.S.C. § 2204 — General duties of Secretary; advisory functions; research and development

**(a)** The Secretary of Agriculture shall procure and preserve all information concerning agriculture, rural development, aquaculture, and human nutrition which he can obtain by means of books and correspondence, and by practical and scientific experiments, accurate records of which experiments shall be kept in his office, by the collection of statistics, and by any other appropriate means within his power; he shall collect new and valuable seeds and plants; shall test, by cultivation, the value of such of them as may require such tests; shall propagate such as may be worthy of propagation; and shall distribute them among agriculturists; and he shall advise the President, other members of his Cabinet, and the Congress on policies and programs designed to improve the quality of life for people living in the rural and nonmetropolitan regions of the Nation. **(b)** The Secretary is authorized to initiate or expand research and development efforts related to solution of problems of rural water supply, rural sewage and solid waste management, rural housing, rural industrialization, and technology appropriate to small- and moderate-sized family farming operations, and any other problem that the Secretary may determine has an effect upon the economic development or the quality of life in rural areas.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

7 U.S.C. § 5602 — Definitions

As used in this chapter— (1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” means any agricultural commodity, food, feed, fiber, or livestock (including livestock as it is defined in [section 1471(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1471/2&num=0&edition=prelim) and insects), and any product thereof. (2) **Developing country** — The term “developing country” means a country that— (A) has a shortage of foreign exchange earnings and has difficulty accessing sufficient commercial credit to meet all of its food needs, as determined by the Secretary; and (B) has the potential to become a commercial market for agricultural commodities. (3) **Secretary** — The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture. (4) **Service** — The term “Service” means the Foreign Agricultural Service of the Department of Agriculture. (5) **Unfair trade practice** (A) *In general* — Subject to subparagraph (B), the term “unfair trade practice” means any act, policy, or practice of a foreign country that— (i) violates, or is inconsistent with, the provisions of, or otherwise denies benefits to the United States under, any trade agreement to which the United States is a party; (ii) in the case of a monopolistic state trading enterprise engaged in the export sale of an agricultural commodity, implements a pricing practice that is inconsistent with sound commercial practice; (iii) provides a subsidy that— (I) decreases market opportunities for United States exports; or (II) unfairly distorts an agricultural market to the detriment of United States exporters; (iv) imposes an unfair technical barrier to trade, including— (I) a trade restriction or commercial requirement (s

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

5 U.S.C. § 5941 — Allowances based on living costs and conditions of environment; employees stationed outside continental United States or in Alaska

**(a)** Appropriations or funds available to an Executive agency, except a Government controlled corporation, for pay of employees stationed outside the continental United States or in Alaska whose rates of basic pay are fixed by statute, are available for allowances to these employees. The allowance is based on— (1) living costs substantially higher than in the District of Columbia; (2) conditions of environment which differ substantially from conditions of environment in the continental United States and warrant an allowance as a recruitment incentive; or (3) both of these factors. The allowance may not exceed 25 percent of the rate of basic pay. Except as otherwise specifically authorized by statute, the allowance is paid only in accordance with regulations prescribed by the President establishing the rates and defining the area, groups of positions, and classes of employees to which each rate applies. Notwithstanding any preceding provision of this subsection, the cost-of-living allowance rate based on paragraph (1) shall be the cost-of-living allowance rate in effect on the date of enactment of the Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance Act of 2009, except as adjusted under subsection (c). **(b)** This section shall apply only to areas that are designated as cost-of-living allowance areas as in effect on December 31, 2009. **(c)** (1) The cost-of-living allowance rate payable under this section shall be adjusted on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after— (A) January 1, 2010; and (B) January 1 of each calendar year in which a locality-based comparability adjustment takes effect under paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively, of section 1914 of the Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance Act of 2009. (2) (A) In t

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

7 U.S.C. § 3103 — Definitions

When used in this chapter: (1) The term “Advisory Board” means the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board. (2) The term “agricultural research” means research in the food and agricultural sciences. (3) The term “aquaculture” means the propagation and rearing of aquacultural species, including, but not limited to, any species of finfish, mollusk, or crustacean (or other aquatic invertebrate), amphibian, reptile, ornamental fish, or aquatic plant, in controlled or selected environments. (4) **College and university.—** (A) *In general.—* — The terms “college” and “university” mean an educational institution in any State which (i) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, (ii) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education, (iii) provides an educational program for which a bachelor’s degree or any other higher degree is awarded, (iv) is a public or other nonprofit institution, and (v) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association. (B) *Inclusions.—* — The terms “college” and “university” include a research foundation maintained by a college or university described in subparagraph (A). (5) **Cooperating forestry school.—** (A) *In general.—* — The term “cooperating forestry school” means an institution— (i) that is eligible to receive funds under Public Law 87–788 (commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act; [16 U.S.C. 582a](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section582a&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); and (ii) with respect to which the Secreta

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 1141j — Miscellaneous provisions

**(a) “Cooperative association” defined** As used in this chapter, the term “cooperative association” means any association in which farmers act together in processing, preparing for market, handling, and/or marketing the farm products of persons so engaged, and also means any association in which farmers act together in purchasing, testing, grading, processing, distributing, and/or furnishing farm supplies and/or farm business services: Provided, however, That such associations are operated for the mutual benefit of the members thereof as such producers or purchasers and conform to one or both of the following requirements: First. That no member of the association is allowed more than one vote because of the amount of stock or membership capital he may own therein; and Second. That the association does not pay dividends on stock or membership capital in excess of 8 per centum per annum. And in any case to the following: Third. That the association shall not deal in farm products, farm supplies, and farm business services with or for nonmembers in an amount greater in value than the total amount of such business transacted by it with or for members. All business transacted by any cooperative association for or on behalf of the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof shall be disregarded in determining the volume of member and nonmember business transacted by such association. **(b) Speculation prohibited** It shall be unlawful for the governor, or any officer or employee of the Farm Credit Administration to speculate directly or indirectly, in any agricultural commodity or product thereof, or in contracts relating thereto, or in the stock or membership interests of any association or corporation engaged in handling, processing, or disposing of any such c

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 2022 — Related services

**(a) In general** The Farm Credit Banks may provide technical assistance to borrowers, members, and applicants from the bank and associations in the district, including persons obligated on paper discounted by the bank, and may make available to them at their option such financial related services appropriate to their on-farm and aquatic operations as determined to be feasible by the board of directors of the bank, under regulations of the Farm Credit Administration. **(b) Authority to pass along cost of insurance premiums** (1) **In general** — Each Farm Credit Bank may assess each production credit association, other association making direct loans under the authority provided under [section 2279b of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section2279b&num=0&edition=prelim), and other financing institution described in [section 2015(b)(1)(B) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section2015/b/1/B&num=0&edition=prelim) in the district in which the bank is located to cover the costs of making premium payments under part E of subchapter V. (2) **Computation** — The assessment on any association or other financing institution described in paragraph (1) for any period shall be computed in an equitable manner, as determined by the Corporation.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 2126 — Stock of banks for cooperatives

**(a) Amount** The Capital stock of each bank for cooperatives shall be in such amount as its board determines is required for the purpose of providing adequate capital to permit the bank to meet the credit needs of borrowers from the bank and such amounts may be increased or decreased from time to time in accordance with such needs. **(b) Value** The capital stock of each bank shall be divided into shares of par value of $100 each and may be of such classes as the board may determine. Such stock may be issued in fractional shares. **(c) Eligible holders of voting stock** Voting stock may be issued or transferred to and held only by (i) cooperative associations eligible to borrow from the banks 11 So in original. There probably should be a semicolon after “banks”. (ii) other categories of persons and entities described in sections 2128 and 2129 of this title eligible to borrow from the bank, as determined by the bank’s board of directors; and (iii) other banks for cooperatives, and shall not be otherwise transferred, pledged, or hypothecated except as consented to by the issuing bank under regulations of the Farm Credit Administration. **(d) Entitlement to vote** Each holder of one or more shares of voting stock which is eligible to borrow from a bank for cooperatives shall be entitled only to one vote and only in the affairs of the bank in the district in which its principal office is located unless otherwise authorized under regulations issued by the Farm Credit Administration, except that if such holder has not been a borrower from the bank in which it holds such stock within a period of two years next preceding the date fixed by the Farm Credit Administration prior to the commencement of voting, it shall not be entitled to vote. **(e) Nonvoting investment stock*

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 2156 — Capitalization of System institutions

**(a) Definitions** As used in this section: (1) **Permanent capital** — The term “permanent capital” means— (A) current year retained earnings; (B) allocated and unallocated earnings (which, in the case of earnings allocated in any form by a System bank to any association or other recipient and retained by the bank, shall be considered, in whole or in part, permanent capital of the bank or of any such association or other recipient as provided under an agreement between the bank and each such association or other recipient); (C) all surplus (less allowances for losses); (D) stock issued by a System institution, except— (i) stock that may be retired by the holder of the stock on repayment of the holder’s loan, or otherwise at the option or request of the holder; or (ii) stock that is protected under [section 2162 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section2162&num=0&edition=prelim) or is otherwise not at risk; and (E) any other debt or equity instruments or other accounts that the Farm Credit Administration determines appropriate to be considered permanent capital. (2) **Stock** — The term “stock” means voting and nonvoting stock (including preferred stock), equivalent contributions to a guaranty fund, participation certificates, allocated equities, and other forms and types of equities. **(b) Adoption of bylaws** Subject to approval by shareholders under subsection (c)(2), each bank and association shall adopt bylaws, developed by its board of directors, that provide for the capitalization of the institution in accordance with subsection (c)(1). **(c) Requirements of bylaws** (1) **In general** — Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the bylaws adopted under subsection (b)—

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 2254 — Powers and duties

**(a) Enumerated powers** The Farm Credit Administration shall have the following powers, functions, and responsibilities in connection with the institutions of the Farm Credit System and the administration of this chapter: (1) Modify the boundaries of farm credit districts, with due regard for the farm credit needs of the country, as approved by the Board, with the concurrence of the district banks involved. (2) Where necessary or appropriate to carry out the policy and objectives of this chapter, issue and approve amendments to Federal charters of institutions of the System; approve change in names of banks operating under this chapter; approve the merger of districts when agreed to by the district bank boards involved and by a majority vote of the voting stockholders and contributors to the guaranty funds of each bank for each of such districts, voting in the same manner as is provided in [section 2279a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section2279a&num=0&edition=prelim); approve mergers and any related activities as provided for in subchapter VII; and approve the consolidation or division of the territories of institutions when agreed to by a majority vote of the voting stockholders or contributors to the guaranty fund of each of the institutions involved; and approve consolidations of boards of directors when agreed to by a majority vote of the voting stockholders or contributors to the guaranty fund of each of the institutions involved. The Farm Credit Administration Board, after consultation with the respective boards of directors of the affected banks, may require two or more banks operating under the same or different titles to merge if the Board determines that one of such banks has failed to meet its outstan

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 2254

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 2277a–6 — Premiums

**(a) Amount in Fund not exceeding secure base amount** (1) **In general** — If at the end of any calendar year the aggregate of amounts in the Farm Credit Insurance Fund does not exceed the secure base amount, subject to paragraph (3), the premium due from any insured System bank for the calendar year shall be equal to the sum of— (A) the average outstanding insured obligations issued by the bank for the calendar year, after deducting from the obligations the percentages of the guaranteed portions of loans and investments described in paragraph (2), multiplied by 0.0020; and (B) the product obtained by multiplying— (i) the sum of— (I) the average principal outstanding for the calendar year on loans made by the bank that are in nonaccrual status; and (II) the average amount outstanding for the calendar year of other-than-temporarily impaired investments made by the bank; by (ii) 0.0010. (2) **Deductions from average outstanding insured obligations** — The average outstanding insured obligations issued by the bank for the calendar year referred to in paragraph (1)(A) shall be reduced by deducting from the obligations the sum of (as determined by the Corporation)— (A) 90 percent of each of— (i) the average principal outstanding for the calendar year on the guaranteed portions of Federal government-guaranteed loans made by the bank that are in accrual status; and (ii) the average amount outstanding for the calendar year of the guaranteed portions of Federal government-guaranteed investments made by the bank that are not permanently impaired; and (B) 80 percent of each of— (i) the average principal outstanding for the calendar year on the guaranteed portions of State government-guaranteed loans made by the bank that are i

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 2277a–6

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