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7 U.S.C. § 3103 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
When used in this chapter:
(1) The term “Advisory Board” means the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board.
(2) The term “agricultural research” means research in the food and agricultural sciences.
(3) The term “aquaculture” means the propagation and rearing of aquacultural species, including, but not limited to, any species of finfish, mollusk, or crustacean (or other aquatic invertebrate), amphibian, reptile, ornamental fish, or aquatic plant, in controlled or selected environments.
(4) **College and university.—**
(A) *In general.—* — The terms “college” and “university” mean an educational institution in any State which (i) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, (ii) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education, (iii) provides an educational program for which a bachelor’s degree or any other higher degree is awarded, (iv) is a public or other nonprofit institution, and (v) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association.
(B) *Inclusions.—* — The terms “college” and “university” include a research foundation maintained by a college or university described in subparagraph (A).
(5) **Cooperating forestry school.—**
(A) *In general.—* — The term “cooperating forestry school” means an institution—
(i) that is eligible to receive funds under Public Law 87–788 (commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act; [16 U.S.C. 582a](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section582a&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); and
(ii) with respect to which the Secreta
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Source location: Title 7, Chapter 64, § 3103; chapter-064-agricultural-research-extension-and-teaching.md
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When used in this chapter:
(1) The term “Advisory Board” means the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board.
(2) The term “agricultural research” means research in the food and agricultural sciences.
(3) The term “aquaculture” means the propagation and rearing of aquacultural species, including, but not limited to, any species of finfish, mollusk, or crustacean (or other aquatic invertebrate), amphibian, reptile, ornamental fish, or aquatic plant, in controlled or selected environments.
(4) **College and university.—**
(A) *In general.—* — The terms “college” and “university” mean an educational institution in any State which (i) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, (ii) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education, (iii) provides an educational program for which a bachelor’s degree or any other higher degree is awarded, (iv) is a public or other nonprofit institution, and (v) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association.
(B) *Inclusions.—* — The terms “college” and “university” include a research foundation maintained by a college or university described in subparagraph (A).
(5) **Cooperating forestry school.—**
(A) *In general.—* — The term “cooperating forestry school” means an institution—
(i) that is eligible to receive funds under Public Law 87–788 (commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act; [16 U.S.C. 582a](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section582a&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); and
(ii) with respect to which the Secretary has not received a declaration of the intent of that institution to not be considered a cooperating forestry school.
(B) *Termination of declaration.—* — A declaration of the intent of an institution to not be considered a cooperating forestry school submitted to the Secretary shall be in effect until September 30, 2018.
(6) The term “cooperative extension services” means the organizations established at the land-grant colleges and universities under the Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. 372–374, as amended; [7 U.S.C. 341–349](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section341–349&num=0&edition=prelim)), and section 209(b) of the Act of October 26, 1974 (88 Stat. 1428, as amended; D.C. Code, sec. 31–1719(b)).
(7) The term “Department of Agriculture” means the United States Department of Agriculture.
(8) The term “extension” means the informal education programs conducted in the States in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture.
(9) **Food and agricultural sciences.—** — The term “food and agricultural sciences” means basic, applied, and developmental research, extension, and teaching activities in food and fiber, agricultural, renewable energy and natural resources, forestry, and physical and social sciences, including activities relating to the following:
(A) Animal health, production, and well-being.
(B) Plant health and production.
(C) Animal and plant germ plasm collection and preservation.
(D) Aquaculture.
(E) Food safety.
(F) Soil, water, and related resource conservation and improvement.
(G) Forestry, horticulture, and range management.
(H) Nutritional sciences and promotion.
(I) Farm enhancement, including financial management, input efficiency, and profitability.
(J) Home economics.
(K) Rural human ecology.
(L) Youth development and agricultural education, including 4–H clubs.
(M) Expansion of domestic and international markets for agricultural commodities and products, including agricultural trade barrier identification and analysis.
(N) Information management and technology transfer related to agriculture.
(O) Biotechnology related to agriculture.
(P) The processing, distributing, marketing, and utilization of food and agricultural products.
(10) **Hispanic-serving agricultural colleges and universities.—**
(A) *In general.—* — The term “Hispanic-serving agricultural colleges and universities” means colleges or universities—
(i) that qualify as Hispanic-serving institutions;
(ii) that offer associate, bachelors, or other accredited degree programs in agriculture-related fields; and
(iii) with respect to which the Secretary has not received a declaration of the intent of a college or university to not be considered a Hispanic-serving agricultural college or university.
(B) *Exception.—* — The term “Hispanic-serving agricultural colleges and universities” does not include 1862 institutions (as defined in [section 7601 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section7601&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(C) *Termination of declaration of intent.—* — A declaration of the intent of a college or university to not be considered a Hispanic-serving agricultural college or university submitted to the Secretary shall be in effect until September 30, 2018.
(11) **Hispanic-serving institution.—** — The term “Hispanic-serving institution” has the meaning given the term in [section 1101a of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1101a&num=0&edition=prelim).
(12) **Insular area.—** — The term “insular area” means—
(A) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;
(B) Guam;
(C) American Samoa;
(D) the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands;
(E) the Federated States of Micronesia;
(F) the Republic of the Marshall Islands;
(G) the Republic of Palau; and
(H) the Virgin Islands of the United States.
(13) The term “land-grant colleges and universities” means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of July 2, 1862 (12 Stat. 503–505, as amended; [7 U.S.C. 301–305](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section301–305&num=0&edition=prelim), 307 and 308), or the Act of August 30, 1890 (26 Stat. 417–419, as amended; [7 U.S.C. 321–326](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section321–326&num=0&edition=prelim) and 328), including Tuskegee University.
(14) **NLGCA institution; non-land-grant college of agriculture.—**
(A) *In general.—*
(i) *Definition.—* — The terms “NLGCA Institution” and “non-land-grant college of agriculture” mean a public college or university offering a baccalaureate or higher degree in the study of agricultural sciences, forestry, or both in any area of study specified in clause (ii).
(ii) *Clarification.—* — For purposes of clause (i), an area of study specified in this clause is any of the following:
(I) Agriculture.
(II) Agricultural business and management.
(III) Agricultural economics.
(IV) Agricultural mechanization.
(V) Agricultural production operations.
(VI) Aquaculture.
(VII) Agricultural and food products processing.
(VIII) Agricultural and domestic animal services.
(IX) Equestrian or equine studies.
(X) Applied horticulture or horticulture operations.
(XI) Ornamental horticulture.
(XII) Greenhouse operations and management.
(XIII) Turf and turfgrass management.
(XIV) Plant nursery operations and management.
(XV) Floriculture or floristry operations and management.
(XVI) International agriculture.
(XVII) Agricultural public services.
(XVIII) Agricultural and extension education services.
(XIX) Agricultural communication or agricultural journalism.
(XX) Animal sciences.
(XXI) Food science.
(XXII) Plant sciences.
(XXIII) Soil sciences.
(XXIV) Forestry.
(XXV) Forest sciences and biology.
(XXVI) Natural resources or conservation.
(XXVII) Natural resources management and policy.
(XXVIII) Natural resource economics.
(XXIX) Urban forestry.
(XXX) Wood science and wood products or pulp or paper technology.
(XXXI) Range science and management.
(XXXII) Agricultural engineering.
(XXXIII) Any other area, as determined appropriate by the Secretary.
(B) *Designation.—* — Not later than 90 days after Feb. 7, 2014, the Secretary shall establish an ongoing process through which public colleges or universities may apply for designation as an NLGCA Institution.
(C) *Exclusions.—* — The terms “NLGCA Institution” and “non-land-grant college of agriculture” do not include any institution designated under—
(i) the Act of July 2, 1862 (commonly known as the “First Morrill Act”; [7 U.S.C. 301](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section301&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.);
(ii) the Act of August 30, 1890 (commonly known as the “Second Morrill Act”) ([7 U.S.C. 321](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section321&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); or
(iii) the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (Public Law 103–382; [7 U.S.C. 301](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section301&num=0&edition=prelim) note).
(15) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States.
(16) **State.—** — The term “State” means—
(A) a State;
(B) the District of Columbia; and
(C) any insular area.
(17) The term “State agricultural experiment stations” means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of March 2, 1887 (24 Stat. 440–442, as amended; [7 U.S.C. 361a–361i](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section361a–361i&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(18) The term “State cooperative institutions” or “State cooperative agents” means institutions or agents designated by—
(A) the Act of July 2, 1862 ([7 U.S.C. 301](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section301&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), commonly known as the First Morrill Act;
(B) the Act of August 30, 1890 ([7 U.S.C. 321](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section321&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), commonly known as the Second Morrill Act, including Tuskegee University;
(C) the Act of March 2, 1887 ([7 U.S.C. 361a](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section361a&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), commonly known as the Hatch Act of 1887;
(D) the Act of May 8, 1914 ([7 U.S.C. 341](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section341&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), commonly known as the Smith-Lever Act;
(E) the Act of October 10, 1962 ([16 U.S.C. 582a](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section582a&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962;
(F) [section 3192 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section3192&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(G) subchapters VI, XI, and XII of this chapter.
(19) The term “sustainable agriculture” means an integrated system of plant and animal production practices having a site-specific application that will, over the long-term—
(A) satisfy human food and fiber needs;
(B) enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon which the agriculture economy depends;
(C) make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural biological cycles and controls;
(D) sustain the economic viability of farm operations; and
(E) enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole.
(20) **Teaching and education.—** — The terms “teaching” and “education” mean formal classroom instruction, laboratory instruction, and practicum experience in the food and agricultural sciences and matters relating thereto (such as faculty development, student recruitment and services, curriculum development, instructional materials and equipment, and innovative teaching methodologies) conducted by colleges and universities offering baccalaureate or higher degrees.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary of Agriculture is charged with the proper administration of this subchapter.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 321
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 90 days after December 21, 2004, the executive committee of the Advisory Board shall establish, and appoint the initial members of, a permanent specialty crops committee that will be responsible for studying the scope and effectiveness of research, extension, and economics programs affecting the specialty crop industry.
(2) **Citrus disease subcommittee**
(A) *In general* — Not later than 45 days after February 7, 2014, the Secretary shall establish within the specialty crops committee, and appoint the initial members of, a citrus disease subcommittee to carry out the responsibilities of the subcommittee described in subsection (g) in accordance with subsection (j)(3) of [section 7632 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section7632&num=0&edition=prelim).
(B) *Composition* — The citrus disease subcommittee shall be composed of 11 members, each of whom is a domestic producer of citrus in a State, represented as follows:
(i) Five of such members shall represent Arizona or California.
(ii) Five of such members shall represent Florida.
(iii) One of such members shall represent Texas.
(C) *Membership* — The Secretary may appoint individuals who are not members of the specialty crops committee or the Advisory Board established under [section 3123 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section3123&num=0&edition=prelim) as members of the citrus disease subcommittee 11 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.
(D) *Termination* — The subcommittee established under subparagraph (A) shall terminate on September 30, 2023.
(E) *Chapter 10 of title 5* — The subcommittee established under subp
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In order to aid in diffusing among the people of the United States useful and practical information on subjects relating to agriculture, uses of solar energy with respect to agriculture, home economics, and rural energy, and to encourage the application of the same, there may be continued or inaugurated in connection with the college or colleges in each State, Territory, or possession, now receiving, or which may hereafter receive, the benefits of subchapters I and II of this chapter, agricultural extension work which shall be carried on in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture: Provided, That in any State, Territory, or possession in which two or more such colleges have been or hereafter may be established, the appropriations hereinafter made to such State, Territory, or possession shall be administered by such college or colleges as the legislature of such State, Territory, or possession may direct. For the purposes of this subchapter, the term “solar energy” means energy derived from sources (other than fossil fuels) and technologies included in the Federal Non-Nuclear 11 So in original. Probably should be “Nonnuclear”. Energy Research and Development Act of 1974, as amended [[42 U.S.C. 5901](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5901&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.].
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purposes of this chapter are to—
(1) establish firmly the Department of Agriculture as the lead agency in the Federal Government for the food and agricultural sciences, and to emphasize that agricultural research, extension, and teaching are distinct missions of the Department of Agriculture;
(2) undertake the special measures set forth in this chapter to improve the coordination and planning of agricultural research, extension, and teaching programs, identify needs and establish priorities for these programs, assure that national agricultural research, extension, and teaching objectives are fully achieved, and assure that the results of agricultural research are effectively communicated and demonstrated to farmers, processors, handlers, consumers, and all other users who can benefit therefrom;
(3) increase cooperation and coordination in the performance of agricultural research by Federal departments and agencies, the States, State agricultural experiment stations, colleges and universities, and user groups;
(4) enable the Federal Government, the States, colleges and universities, and others to implement needed agricultural research, extension, and teaching programs, through the establishment of new programs and the improvement of existing programs, as provided for in this chapter;
(5) establish a new program of grants for high-priority agricultural research to be awarded on the basis of competition among research workers and all colleges and universities;
(6) establish a new program of grants for facilities and instrumentation used in agricultural research; and
(7) establish a new program of education grants and fellowships to strengthen research, extension, and teaching programs in the food and agricultural sciences, to be awarded on the basis of competiti
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** For the purpose of this subchapter:
(1) **Educational and general expenditures** — The term “educational and general expenditures” means the total amount expended by an institution for instruction, research, public service, academic support (including library expenditures), student services, institutional support, scholarships and fellowships, operation and maintenance expenditures for the physical plant, and any mandatory transfers that the institution is required to pay by law.
(2) **Eligible institution** — The term “eligible institution” means—
(A) an institution of higher education—
(i) that has an enrollment of needy students as required by subsection (b);
(ii) except as provided in [section 1103a(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1103a/b&num=0&edition=prelim), the average educational and general expenditures of which are low, per full-time equivalent undergraduate student, in comparison with the average educational and general expenditures per full-time equivalent undergraduate student of institutions that offer similar instruction;
(iii) that is—
(I) legally authorized to provide, and provides within the State, an educational program for which the institution awards a bachelor’s degree; or
(II) a junior or community college;
(iv) that is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association determined by the Secretary to be reliable authority as to the quality of training offered or that is, according to such an agency or association, making reasonable progress toward accreditation;
(v) that meets such other requirements as the Secretary may prescribe; and
(vi) that is located in a State; and
(B) any branch of any
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
When used in this subchapter—
(1) the term “eligible institution” means an accredited school or college of veterinary medicine or a State agricultural experiment station that conducts animal health and disease research;
(2) the term “dean” means the dean of an accredited school or college of veterinary medicine;
(3) the term “director” means the director of a State agricultural experiment station which qualifies as an eligible institution; and
(4) the term “animal health research capacity” means the capacity of an eligible institution to conduct animal health and disease research, as determined by the Secretary.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The powers conferred under this chapter shall not be used to discourage the production of supplies of foods and fibers sufficient to maintain normal domestic human consumption as determined by the Secretary from the records of domestic human consumption in the years 1920 to 1929, inclusive, taking into consideration increased population quantities of any commodity that were forced into domestic consumption by decline in exports during such period, current trends in domestic consumption and exports of particular commodities, and the quantities of substitutes available for domestic consumption within any general class of food commodities. In carrying out the purposes of this chapter it shall be the duty of the Secretary to give due regard to the maintenance of a continuous and stable supply of agricultural commodities from domestic production adequate to meet consumer demand at prices fair to both producers and consumers.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section 7671, Pub. L. 105–185, title VI, § 631, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 608, related to evaluation and assessment of agricultural research, extension, and education programs.
Section 7672, Pub. L. 105–185, title VI, § 632, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 608, related to study of federally funded agricultural research, extension, and education.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
It is the policy of Congress to continue the agricultural research at State agricultural experiment stations which has been encouraged and supported by the Hatch Act of 1887 [[7 U.S.C. 361a](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section361a&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], the Adams Act of 1906, the Purnell Act of 1925, the Bankhead-Jones Act of 1935, and title I, section 9, of that Act as added by the Act of August 14, 1946, and Acts amendatory and supplementary thereto, and to promote the efficiency of such research by a codification and simplification of such laws. As used in this Act [[7 U.S.C. 361a](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section361a&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], the terms “State” or “States” are defined to include the several States (including the District of Columbia), Puerto Rico, Guam and the Virgin Islands. As used in this Act [[7 U.S.C. 361a](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section361a&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], the term “State agricultural experiment station” means a department which shall have been established, under direction of the college or university or agricultural departments of the college or university in each State in accordance with an Act approved July 2, 1862, (12 Stat. 503), entitled “An Act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts” [[7 U.S.C. 301](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section301&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]; or such other substantially equivalent arrangements as any State shall determine.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given the term in [section 5602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section5602&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher** — The term “geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher” has the meaning given the term in section 10906(a) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 ([7 U.S.C. 2204](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2204&num=0&edition=prelim) note; Public Law 107–171).
**(b) Authorization** Subject to the availability of funds under subsection (d), the Secretary may provide geographically disadvantaged farmers or ranchers direct reimbursement payments for activities described in subsection (c).
**(c) Transportation**
(1) **In general** — Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the Secretary may provide direct reimbursement payments to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher to transport an agricultural commodity, or inputs used to produce an agricultural commodity, during a fiscal year.
(2) **Proof of eligibility** — To be eligible to receive assistance under paragraph (1), a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher shall demonstrate to the Secretary that transportation of the agricultural commodity or inputs occurred over a distance of more than 30 miles, as determined by the Secretary.
(3) **Amount**
(A) *In general* — Subject to paragraph (2), the amount of direct reimbursement payments made to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher under this section for a fiscal year shall equal the product obtained by multiplying—
(i) the amount of costs incurred by the geographically di
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