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42 U.S.C. § 7548 — Study of particulate emissions from motor vehicles

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 7548 — Study of particulate emissions from motor vehicles

**(a) Study and analysis** (1) The Administrator shall conduct a study concerning the effects on health and welfare of particulate emissions from motor vehicles or motor vehicle engines to which [section 7521 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section7521&num=0&edition=prelim) applies. Such study shall characterize and quantify such emissions and analyze the relationship of such emissions to various fuels and fuel additives. (2) The study shall also include an analysis of particulate emissions from mobile sources which are not related to engine emissions (including, but not limited to tire debris, and asbestos from brake lining). **(b) Report to Congress** The Administrator shall report to the Congress the findings and results of the study conducted under subsection (a) not later than two years after August 7, 1977. Such report shall also include recommendations for standards or methods to regulate particulate emissions described in paragraph (2) of subsection (a).

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-7548-study-of-particulate-emissions-from-motor-vehicles--270e8eb6a2.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 85, § 7548; chapter-085-air-pollution-prevention-and-control.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 7550 — Definitions

As used in this part— (1) The term “manufacturer” as used in sections 7521, 7522, 7525, 7541, and 7542 of this title means any person engaged in the manufacturing or assembling of new motor vehicles, new motor vehicle engines, new nonroad vehicles or new nonroad engines, or importing such vehicles or engines for resale, or who acts for and is under the control of any such person in connection with the distribution of new motor vehicles, new motor vehicle engines, new nonroad vehicles or new nonroad engines, but shall not include any dealer with respect to new motor vehicles, new motor vehicle engines, new nonroad vehicles or new nonroad engines received by him in commerce. (2) The term “motor vehicle” means any self-propelled vehicle designed for transporting persons or property on a street or highway. (3) Except with respect to vehicles or engines imported or offered for importation, the term “new motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle the equitable or legal title to which has never been transferred to an ultimate purchaser; and the term “new motor vehicle engine” means an engine in a new motor vehicle or a motor vehicle engine the equitable or legal title to which has never been transferred to the ultimate purchaser; and with respect to imported vehicles or engines, such terms mean a motor vehicle and engine, respectively, manufactured after the effective date of a regulation issued under [section 7521 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section7521&num=0&edition=prelim) which is applicable to such vehicle or engine (or which would be applicable to such vehicle or engine had it been manufactured for importation into the United States). (4) The term “dealer” means any person who is engaged in the sale or the distributio

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 7521 — Emission standards for new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines

**(a) Authority of Administrator to prescribe by regulation** Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b)— (1) The Administrator shall by regulation prescribe (and from time to time revise) in accordance with the provisions of this section, standards applicable to the emission of any air pollutant from any class or classes of new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines, which in his judgment cause, or contribute to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare. Such standards shall be applicable to such vehicles and engines for their useful life (as determined under subsection (d), relating to useful life of vehicles for purposes of certification), whether such vehicles and engines are designed as complete systems or incorporate devices to prevent or control such pollution. (2) Any regulation prescribed under paragraph (1) of this subsection (and any revision thereof) shall take effect after such period as the Administrator finds necessary to permit the development and application of the requisite technology, giving appropriate consideration to the cost of compliance within such period. (3) (A) *In general.—* (i) Unless the standard is changed as provided in subparagraph (B), regulations under paragraph (1) of this subsection applicable to emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and particulate matter from classes or categories of heavy-duty vehicles or engines manufactured during or after model year 1983 shall contain standards which reflect the greatest degree of emission reduction achievable through the application of technology which the Administrator determines will be available for the model year to which such standards apply, giving appropriate consideration to cost, energy, and s

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 7401 — Congressional findings and declaration of purpose

**(a) Findings** The Congress finds— (1) that the predominant part of the Nation’s population is located in its rapidly expanding metropolitan and other urban areas, which generally cross the boundary lines of local jurisdictions and often extend into two or more States; (2) that the growth in the amount and complexity of air pollution brought about by urbanization, industrial development, and the increasing use of motor vehicles, has resulted in mounting dangers to the public health and welfare, including injury to agricultural crops and livestock, damage to and the deterioration of property, and hazards to air and ground transportation; (3) that air pollution prevention (that is, the reduction or elimination, through any measures, of the amount of pollutants produced or created at the source) and air pollution control at its source is the primary responsibility of States and local governments; and (4) that Federal financial assistance and leadership is essential for the development of cooperative Federal, State, regional, and local programs to prevent and control air pollution. **(b) Declaration** The purposes of this subchapter are— (1) to protect and enhance the quality of the Nation’s air resources so as to promote the public health and welfare and the productive capacity of its population; (2) to initiate and accelerate a national research and development program to achieve the prevention and control of air pollution; (3) to provide technical and financial assistance to State and local governments in connection with the development and execution of their air pollution prevention and control programs; and (4) to encourage and assist the development and operation of regional air pollution prevention and control programs. **(c) Pollution prevention** A prim

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 7651 — Findings and purposes

**(a) Findings** The Congress finds that— (1) the presence of acidic compounds and their precursors in the atmosphere and in deposition from the atmosphere represents a threat to natural resources, ecosystems, materials, visibility, and public health; (2) the principal sources of the acidic compounds and their precursors in the atmosphere are emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides from the combustion of fossil fuels; (3) the problem of acid deposition is of national and international significance; (4) strategies and technologies for the control of precursors to acid deposition exist now that are economically feasible, and improved methods are expected to become increasingly available over the next decade; (5) current and future generations of Americans will be adversely affected by delaying measures to remedy the problem; (6) reduction of total atmospheric loading of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides will enhance protection of the public health and welfare and the environment; and (7) control measures to reduce precursor emissions from steam-electric generating units should be initiated without delay. **(b) Purposes** The purpose of this subchapter is to reduce the adverse effects of acid deposition through reductions in annual emissions of sulfur dioxide of ten million tons from 1980 emission levels, and, in combination with other provisions of this chapter, of nitrogen oxides emissions of approximately two million tons from 1980 emission levels, in the forty-eight contiguous States and the District of Columbia. It is the intent of this subchapter to effectuate such reductions by requiring compliance by affected sources with prescribed emission limitations by specified deadlines, which limitations may be met through alternative methods of compliance provided

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 7548 — Study of particulate emissions from motor

Page 7367 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 7549 title, with such modifications of the applicable regulations implementing such sections as the Administrator deems appropriate, and shall be enforced in the same manner as standards pre- scribed under section 7521 of this title. The Ad- ministrator shall revise or promulgate regula- tions as may be necessary to determine compli- ance with, and enforce, standards in effect under this section. (July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title II, § 213, as added Pub. L. 93–319, § 10, June 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 261; amended Pub. L. 101–549, title II, § 222(a), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2500.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly classified to section 1857f–6f of this title. PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 213 of act July 14, 1955, was renum- bered section 214 by Pub. L. 93–319 and renumbered sec- tion 216 by Pub. L. 95–95, and is classified to section 7550 of this title. AMENDMENTS 1990—Pub. L. 101–549 amended section generally, sub- stituting present provisions for provisions requiring Administrator and Secretary of Transportation to con- duct study on fuel economy improvement for new motor vehicles manufactured during and after model year 1980. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries REGULATIONS RELATING TO STANDARDS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS Pub. L. 108–199, div. G, title IV, § 428(b), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 418, provided that: ‘‘Not later than December 1, 2004, the Administrator of the Environmental Protec- tion Agency shall propose regulations under the Clean Air Act [42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.] that shall contain stand- ards to reduce emissions from new nonroad spark-igni- tion engines smaller than 50 horsepower. Not later than December 31, 2005, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register

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