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42 U.S.C. § 7651 — Findings and purposes
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds that—
(1) the presence of acidic compounds and their precursors in the atmosphere and in deposition from the atmosphere represents a threat to natural resources, ecosystems, materials, visibility, and public health;
(2) the principal sources of the acidic compounds and their precursors in the atmosphere are emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides from the combustion of fossil fuels;
(3) the problem of acid deposition is of national and international significance;
(4) strategies and technologies for the control of precursors to acid deposition exist now that are economically feasible, and improved methods are expected to become increasingly available over the next decade;
(5) current and future generations of Americans will be adversely affected by delaying measures to remedy the problem;
(6) reduction of total atmospheric loading of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides will enhance protection of the public health and welfare and the environment; and
(7) control measures to reduce precursor emissions from steam-electric generating units should be initiated without delay.
**(b) Purposes** The purpose of this subchapter is to reduce the adverse effects of acid deposition through reductions in annual emissions of sulfur dioxide of ten million tons from 1980 emission levels, and, in combination with other provisions of this chapter, of nitrogen oxides emissions of approximately two million tons from 1980 emission levels, in the forty-eight contiguous States and the District of Columbia. It is the intent of this subchapter to effectuate such reductions by requiring compliance by affected sources with prescribed emission limitations by specified deadlines, which limitations may be met through alternative methods of compliance provided
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-7651-findings-and-purposes--a45764ea8f.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 85, § 7651; chapter-085-air-pollution-prevention-and-control.md
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**(a) Findings** The Congress finds that—
(1) the presence of acidic compounds and their precursors in the atmosphere and in deposition from the atmosphere represents a threat to natural resources, ecosystems, materials, visibility, and public health;
(2) the principal sources of the acidic compounds and their precursors in the atmosphere are emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides from the combustion of fossil fuels;
(3) the problem of acid deposition is of national and international significance;
(4) strategies and technologies for the control of precursors to acid deposition exist now that are economically feasible, and improved methods are expected to become increasingly available over the next decade;
(5) current and future generations of Americans will be adversely affected by delaying measures to remedy the problem;
(6) reduction of total atmospheric loading of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides will enhance protection of the public health and welfare and the environment; and
(7) control measures to reduce precursor emissions from steam-electric generating units should be initiated without delay.
**(b) Purposes** The purpose of this subchapter is to reduce the adverse effects of acid deposition through reductions in annual emissions of sulfur dioxide of ten million tons from 1980 emission levels, and, in combination with other provisions of this chapter, of nitrogen oxides emissions of approximately two million tons from 1980 emission levels, in the forty-eight contiguous States and the District of Columbia. It is the intent of this subchapter to effectuate such reductions by requiring compliance by affected sources with prescribed emission limitations by specified deadlines, which limitations may be met through alternative methods of compliance provided by an emission allocation and transfer system. It is also the purpose of this subchapter to encourage energy conservation, use of renewable and clean alternative technologies, and pollution prevention as a long-range strategy, consistent with the provisions of this subchapter, for reducing air pollution and other adverse impacts of energy production and use.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) When requested by a committee of Congress having jurisdiction over receipts or appropriations, the President shall provide the committee with assistance and information.
(2) When requested by a committee of Congress, additional information related to the amount of an appropriation originally requested by an Office of Inspector General shall be submitted to the committee.
**(b)** When requested by a committee of Congress, by the Comptroller General, or by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the head of each executive agency shall—
(1) provide information on the location and kind of available fiscal, budget, and program information;
(2) to the extent practicable, prepare summary tables of that fiscal, budget, and program information and related information the committee, the Comptroller General, or the Director of the Congressional Budget Office considers necessary; and
(3) provide a program evaluation carried out or commissioned by an executive agency.
**(c)** In cooperation with the Director of the Congressional Budget Office, the Secretary, and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Comptroller General shall—
(1) establish and maintain a current directory of sources of, and information systems for, fiscal, budget, and program information and a brief description of the contents of each source and system;
(2) when requested, provide assistance to committees of Congress and members of Congress in obtaining information from the sources in the directory; and
(3) when requested, provide assistance to committees and, to the extent practicable, to members of Congress in evaluating the information obtained from the sources in the directory
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 31 U.S.C. § 1113
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Study and analysis**
(1) The Administrator shall conduct a study concerning the effects on health and welfare of particulate emissions from motor vehicles or motor vehicle engines to which [section 7521 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section7521&num=0&edition=prelim) applies. Such study shall characterize and quantify such emissions and analyze the relationship of such emissions to various fuels and fuel additives.
(2) The study shall also include an analysis of particulate emissions from mobile sources which are not related to engine emissions (including, but not limited to tire debris, and asbestos from brake lining).
**(b) Report to Congress** The Administrator shall report to the Congress the findings and results of the study conducted under subsection (a) not later than two years after August 7, 1977. Such report shall also include recommendations for standards or methods to regulate particulate emissions described in paragraph (2) of subsection (a).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 7548
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds—
(1) that the predominant part of the Nation’s population is located in its rapidly expanding metropolitan and other urban areas, which generally cross the boundary lines of local jurisdictions and often extend into two or more States;
(2) that the growth in the amount and complexity of air pollution brought about by urbanization, industrial development, and the increasing use of motor vehicles, has resulted in mounting dangers to the public health and welfare, including injury to agricultural crops and livestock, damage to and the deterioration of property, and hazards to air and ground transportation;
(3) that air pollution prevention (that is, the reduction or elimination, through any measures, of the amount of pollutants produced or created at the source) and air pollution control at its source is the primary responsibility of States and local governments; and
(4) that Federal financial assistance and leadership is essential for the development of cooperative Federal, State, regional, and local programs to prevent and control air pollution.
**(b) Declaration** The purposes of this subchapter are—
(1) to protect and enhance the quality of the Nation’s air resources so as to promote the public health and welfare and the productive capacity of its population;
(2) to initiate and accelerate a national research and development program to achieve the prevention and control of air pollution;
(3) to provide technical and financial assistance to State and local governments in connection with the development and execution of their air pollution prevention and control programs; and
(4) to encourage and assist the development and operation of regional air pollution prevention and control programs.
**(c) Pollution prevention** A prim
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 7401
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Applicability** The owner or operator of any unit that is not, nor will become, an affected unit under section 7651b(e), 7651c, or 7651d of this title, or that is a process source under subsection (d), that emits sulfur dioxide, may elect to designate that unit or source to become an affected unit and to receive allowances under this subchapter. An election shall be submitted to the Administrator for approval, along with a permit application and proposed compliance plan in accordance with [section 7651g of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section7651g&num=0&edition=prelim). The Administrator shall approve a designation that meets the requirements of this section, and such designated unit, or source, shall be allocated allowances, and be an affected unit for purposes of this subchapter.
**(b) Establishment of baseline** The baseline for a unit designated under this section shall be established by the Administrator by regulation, based on fuel consumption and operating data for the unit for calendar years 1985, 1986, and 1987, or if such data is not available, the Administrator may prescribe a baseline based on alternative representative data.
**(c) Emission limitations** Annual emissions limitations for sulfur dioxide shall be equal to the product of the baseline multiplied by the lesser of the unit’s 1985 actual or allowable emission rate in lbs/mmBtu, or, if the unit did not operate in 1985, by the lesser of the unit’s actual or allowable emission rate for a calendar year after 1985 (as determined by the Administrator), divided by 2,000.
**(d) Process sources** Not later than 18 months after November 15, 1990, the Administrator shall establish a program under which the owner or operator of a process source that e
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 7651i
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 7412
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 7641
1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘operational’’.
(g) Definitions
In this section, the terms ‘‘cost-effective tech-
nologies and practices’’ and ‘‘operating 1 cost
savings’’ shall have the meanings defined in sec-
tion 17061 of this title.
(July 14, 1955, ch. 360, title III, § 329, as added
Pub. L. 110–140, title IV, § 493, Dec. 19, 2007, 121
Stat. 1652.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE
Section effective on the date that is 1 day after Dec.
19, 2007, see section 1601 of Pub. L. 110–140, set out as a
note under section 1824 of Title 2, The Congress.
SUBCHAPTER IV—NOISE POLLUTION
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
Another title IV of act July 14, 1955, as added by Pub.
L. 101–549, title IV, § 401, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2584, is
classified to subchapter IV–A (§ 7651 et seq.) of this
chapter.
§ 7641. Noise abatement
(a) Office of Noise Abatement and Control
The Administrator shall establish within the
Environmental Protection Agency an Office of
Noise Abatement and Control, and shall carry
out through such Office a full and complete in-
vestigation and study of noise and its effect on
the public health and welfare in order to (1)
identify and classify causes and sources of noise,
and (2) determine—
(A) effects at various levels;
(B) projected growth of noise levels in urban
areas through the year 2000;
(C) the psychological and physiological ef-
fect on humans;
(D) effects of sporadic extreme noise (such as
jet noise near airports) as compared with con-
stant noise;
(E) effect on wildlife and property (including
values);
(F) effect of sonic booms on property (in-
cluding values); and
(G) such other matters as may be of interest
in the public welfare.
(b) Inves
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 7651
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