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42 U.S.C. § 2141 — Licensing by Nuclear Regulatory Commission of distribution of special nuclear material, source material, and byproduct material by Department of Energy

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2141 — Licensing by Nuclear Regulatory Commission of distribution of special nuclear material, source material, and byproduct material by Department of Energy

**(a)** The Nuclear Regulatory Commission is authorized to license the distribution of special nuclear material, source material, and byproduct material by the Department of Energy pursuant to section 2074, 2094, and 2112 of this title, respectively, in accordance with the same procedures established by law for the export licensing of such material by any person: Provided, That nothing in this section shall require the licensing of the distribution of byproduct material by the Department of Energy under [section 2112 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2112&num=0&edition=prelim). **(b)** The Department of Energy shall not distribute any special nuclear material or source material under section 2074 or 2094 of this title other than under an export license issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission until (1) the Department has obtained the concurrence of the Department of State and has consulted with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Department of Defense under mutually agreed procedures which shall be established within not more than ninety days after March 10, 1978, and (2) the Department finds based on a reasonable judgment of the assurances provided and the information available to the United States Government, that the criteria in [section 2156 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2156&num=0&edition=prelim) or their equivalent and any applicable criteria in [section 2157 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2157&num=0&edition=prelim) are met, and that the proposed distribution would not be inimical to the common defense and security.

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-2141-licensing-by-nuclear-regulatory-commission-of-distribution-of-special-nu--5746c762c0.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 23, § 2141; chapter-023-development-and-control-of-atomic-energy.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2112 — Foreign distribution of byproduct material

**(a) Cooperation with other Nations** The Commission is authorized to cooperate with any nation by distributing byproduct material, and to distribute byproduct material, pursuant to the terms of an agreement for cooperation to which such nation is party and which is made in accordance with [section 2153 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2153&num=0&edition=prelim). **(b) Distribution to individuals** The Commission is also authorized to distribute byproduct material to any person outside the United States upon application therefor by such person and demand such charge for such material as would be charged for the material if it were distributed within the United States: Provided, however, That the Commission shall not distribute any such material to any person under this section if, in its opinion, such distribution would be inimical to the common defense and security: And provided further, That the Commission may require such reports regarding the use of material distributed pursuant to the provisions of this section as it deems necessary. **(c) Distributor’s license** The Commission is authorized to license others to distribute byproduct material to any person outside the United States under the same conditions, except as to charges, as would be applicable if the material were distributed by the Commission.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2156 — Criteria governing United States nuclear exports

The United States adopts the following criteria which, in addition to other requirements of law, will govern exports for peaceful nuclear uses from the United States of source material, special nuclear material, production or utilization facilities, and any sensitive nuclear technology: (1) IAEA safeguards as required by Article III(2) of the Treaty will be applied with respect to any such material or facilities proposed to be exported, to any such material or facilities previously exported and subject to the applicable agreement for cooperation, and to any special nuclear material used in or produced through the use thereof. (2) No such material, facilities, or sensitive nuclear technology proposed to be exported or previously exported and subject to the applicable agreement for cooperation, and no special nuclear material produced through the use of such materials, facilities, or sensitive nuclear technology, will be used for any nuclear explosive device or for research on or development of any nuclear explosive device. (3) Adequate physical security measures will be maintained with respect to such material or facilities proposed to be exported and to any special nuclear material used in or produced through the use thereof. Following the effective date of any regulations promulgated by the Commission pursuant to [section 2156a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2156a&num=0&edition=prelim), physical security measures shall be deemed adequate if such measures provide a level of protection equivalent to that required by the applicable regulations. (4) No such materials, facilities, or sensitive nuclear technology proposed to be exported, and no special nuclear material produced through the use of such material,

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6601 — Reorganization plan and report

**(a) Submission of plan and report** Not later than 60 days after October 21, 1998, the President shall transmit to the appropriate congressional committees a reorganization plan and report regarding— (1) the abolition of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the United States Information Agency, and the United States International Development Cooperation Agency in accordance with this chapter; (2) with respect to the Agency for International Development, the consolidation and streamlining of the Agency and the transfer of certain functions of the Agency to the Department in accordance with [section 6581 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6581&num=0&edition=prelim); (3) the termination of functions of each covered agency as may be necessary to effectuate the reorganization under this chapter, and the termination of the affairs of each agency abolished under this chapter; (4) the transfer to the Department of the functions and personnel of each covered agency consistent with the provisions of this chapter; and (5) the consolidation, reorganization, and streamlining of the Department in connection with the transfer of such functions and personnel in order to carry out such functions. **(b) Covered agencies** The agencies covered by this section are the following: (1) The United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. (2) The United States Information Agency. (3) The United States International Development Cooperation Agency. (4) The Agency for International Development. **(c) Plan elements** The plan transmitted under subsection (a) shall contain, consistent with this chapter, such elements as the President deems appropriate, including elements that— (1) identify the functions of eac

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6601

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 3201 — Programs

**(a) Energy development programs** The United States shall initiate a program, consistent with the aims of [section 3261 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section3261&num=0&edition=prelim), to cooperate with developing countries for the purpose of— (1) meeting the energy needs required for the development of such countries; (2) reducing the dependence of such countries on petroleum fuels, with emphasis given to utilizing solar and other renewable energy resources; and (3) expanding the energy alternatives available to such countries. **(b) Energy assessments and cooperative projects** Such program shall include cooperation in evaluating the energy alternatives of developing countries, facilitating international trade in energy commodities, developing energy resources, and applying suitable energy technologies. The program shall include both general and country-specific energy assessments and cooperative projects in resource exploration and production, training, research and development. **(c) Exchange of scientists, technicians, and energy experts** As an integral part of such program, the Department of Energy, under the general policy guidance of the Department of State and in cooperation with the Agency for International Development and other Federal agencies as appropriate, shall initiate, as soon as practicable, a program for the exchange of United States scientists, technicians, and energy experts with those of developing countries to implement the purposes of this section. **(d) Authorization of appropriations** For the purposes of carrying out this section, there is authorized to be appropriated such sums as are contained in annual authorization Acts for the Department of Energy, including such sums which h

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 3201

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 5841 — Annual authorization Acts

**(a) General requirements; applicability to appropriations** All appropriations made to the Energy Research and Development Administration or the Administrator shall, except as otherwise provided by law, be subject to annual authorization in accordance with [section 2017 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2017&num=0&edition=prelim), [section 5915 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5915&num=0&edition=prelim), and [section 5875 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5875&num=0&edition=prelim). The provisions of this section shall apply with respect to appropriations made pursuant to the Act providing such authorization (hereinafter in this section referred to as “annual authorization Acts”). **(b) Requirements and limitations respecting funds appropriated for operating expenses** (1) Funds appropriated pursuant to an annual authorization Act for “Operating expenses” may be used for— (A) the construction or acquisition of any facilities, or major items of equipment, which may be required at locations other than installations of the Administration, for the performance of research, development, and demonstration activities, and (B) grants to any organization for purchase or construction of research facilities. No such funds shall be used under this subsection for the acquisition of land. Fee title to all such facilities and items of equipment shall be vested in the United States, unless the Administrator or his designee determines in writing that the research, development, and demonstration authorized by such Act would best be implemented by permitting fee title or any other property interest to be vest

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 5841

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6511 — Abolition of United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency

The United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency is abolished.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2157 — Additional export criterion and procedures

**(a)** (1) As a condition of continued United States export of source material, special nuclear material, production or utilization facilities, and any sensitive nuclear technology to non-nuclear-weapon states, no such export shall be made unless IAEA safeguards are maintained with respect to all peaceful nuclear activities in, under the jurisdiction of, or carried out under the control of such state at the time of the export. (2) The President shall seek to achieve adherence to the foregoing criterion by recipient non-nuclear-weapon states. **(b)** The criterion set forth in subsection (a) shall be applied as an export criterion with respect to any application for the export of materials, facilities, or technology specified in subsection (a) which is filed after eighteen months from March 10, 1978, or for any such application under which the first export would occur at least twenty-four months after March 10, 1978, except as provided in the following paragraphs: (1) If the Commission or the Department of Energy, as the case may be, is notified that the President has determined that failure to approve an export to which this subsection applies because such criterion has not yet been met would be seriously prejudicial to the achievement of United States non-proliferation objectives or otherwise jeopardize the common defense and security, the license or authorization may be issued subject to other applicable requirements of the law: Provided, That no such export of any production or utilization facility or of any source or special nuclear material (intended for use as fuel in any production or utilization facility) which has been licensed or authorized pursuant to this subsection shall be made to any non-nuclear-weapon state which has failed to meet such criterion un

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2141 — Licensing by Nuclear Regulatory Commis-

Page 5433 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 2142 (a) to require a license for (1) the processing, fabricating, or refining of special nuclear ma- terial, or the separation of special nuclear ma- terial, or the separation of special nuclear ma- terial from other substances, under contract with and for the account of the Commission; or (2) the construction or operation of facili- ties under contract with and for the account of the Commission; or (b) to require a license for the manufacture, production, or acquisition by the Department of Defense of any utilization facility author- ized pursuant to section 2121 of this title, or for the use of such facility by the Department of Defense or a contractor thereof. (Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, title I, § 110, as added Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, § 1, 68 Stat. 939; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 102–486, title IX, § 902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944.) § 2141. Licensing by Nuclear Regulatory Commis- sion of distribution of special nuclear mate- rial, source material, and byproduct material by Department of Energy (a) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission is au- thorized to license the distribution of special nuclear material, source material, and byprod- uct material by the Department of Energy pur- suant to section 2074, 2094, and 2112 of this title, respectively, in accordance with the same proce- dures established by law for the export licensing of such material by any person: Provided, That nothing in this section shall require the licens- ing of the distribution of byproduct material by the Department of Energy under section 2112 of this title. (b) The Department of Energy shall not dis- tribute any special nuclear material or source material under section 2074 or 2094 of this title other than under a

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 2141

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