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22 U.S.C. § 8909 — Mandatory imposition of sanctions with respect to certain transactions with persons that evade sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian Federation
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to a foreign person if the President determines that the foreign person knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017—
(1) materially violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of any license, order, regulation, or prohibition contained in or issued pursuant to any covered Executive order, this chapter, or the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 ([22 U.S.C. 8921](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section8921&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); or
(2) facilitates a significant transaction or transactions, including deceptive or structured transactions, for or on behalf of—
(A) any person subject to sanctions imposed by the United States with respect to the Russian Federation; or
(B) any child, spouse, parent, or sibling of an individual described in subparagraph (A).
**(b) Sanctions described** The sanctions described in this subsection are the exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
**(c) Implementation; penalties**
(1) **Implementation** — The President may exercise all authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic P
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 96, § 8909; chapter-096-sovereignty-integrity-democracy-and-economic-stability-of-ukraine.md
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**(a) In general** The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to a foreign person if the President determines that the foreign person knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017—
(1) materially violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of any license, order, regulation, or prohibition contained in or issued pursuant to any covered Executive order, this chapter, or the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 ([22 U.S.C. 8921](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section8921&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); or
(2) facilitates a significant transaction or transactions, including deceptive or structured transactions, for or on behalf of—
(A) any person subject to sanctions imposed by the United States with respect to the Russian Federation; or
(B) any child, spouse, parent, or sibling of an individual described in subparagraph (A).
**(b) Sanctions described** The sanctions described in this subsection are the exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
**(c) Implementation; penalties**
(1) **Implementation** — The President may exercise all authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1702](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) and 1704) to carry out subsection (b).
(2) **Penalties** — A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of subsection (b) or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out subsection (b) shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1705](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1705&num=0&edition=prelim)) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.
**(d) Application of new sanctions** The President may waive the initial application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person only if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—
(1) a written determination that the waiver—
(A) is in the vital national security interests of the United States; or
(B) will further the enforcement of this chapter;
(2) in the case of sanctions imposed under this section in connection with a covered Executive order described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) of subsection (f)(1), a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation is taking steps to implement the Minsk Agreement to address the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine, signed in Minsk, Belarus, on February 11, 2015, by the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany, the Minsk Protocol, which was agreed to on September 5, 2014, and any successor agreements that are agreed to by the Government of Ukraine; and
(3) in the case of sanctions imposed under this section in connection with a covered Executive order described in subparagraphs (E) or (F) of subsection (f)(1), a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation has made significant efforts to reduce the number and intensity of cyber intrusions conducted by that Government.
**(e) Termination** Subject to [section 9511 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9511&num=0&edition=prelim), the President may terminate the application of sanctions under subsection (b) with respect to a person if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—
(1) a notice of and justification for the termination; and
(2) a notice that—
(A) the person is not engaging in the activity that was the basis for the sanctions or has taken significant verifiable steps toward stopping the activity; and
(B) the President has received reliable assurances that the person will not knowingly engage in activity subject to sanctions under subsection (a) in the future.
**(f) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Covered executive order** — The term “covered Executive order” means any of the following:
(A) Executive Order No. 13660 (79 Fed. Reg. 13493; relating to blocking property of certain persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine).
(B) Executive Order No. 13661 (79 Fed. Reg. 15535; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine).
(C) Executive Order No. 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16169; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine).
(D) Executive Order No. 13685 (79 Fed. Reg. 77357; relating to blocking property of certain persons and prohibiting certain transactions with respect to the Crimea region of Ukraine).
(E) Executive Order No. 13694 (80 Fed. Reg. 18077; relating to blocking the property of certain persons engaging in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), relating to the Russian Federation.
(F) Executive Order No. 13757 (82 Fed. Reg. 1; relating to taking additional steps to address the national emergency with respect to significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), relating to the Russian Federation.
(2) **Foreign person** — The term “foreign person” has the meaning given such term in section 595.304 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on August 2, 2017).
(3) **Structured** — The term “structured”, with respect to a transaction, has the meaning given the term “structure” in paragraph (xx) of section 1010.100 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Any authority granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat.
**(b)** The authorities granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Account; correspondent account; payable-through account** — The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in [section 5318A of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section5318A&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives.
(3) **Defense article; defense service; training** — The terms “defense article”, “defense service”, and “training” have the meanings given those terms in [section 2794 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2794&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Financial institution** — The term “financial institution” means a financial institution specified in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), (M), or (Z) of [section 5312(a)(2) of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section5312/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Foreign financial institution** — The term “foreign financial institution” has the meaning given that term in section 561.308 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).
(6) **Foreign person** — The term “foreign person” means any individual or entity that is not a United States citizen, a permanent resident alien, or an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States.
(7) **Knowingly** — The term “knowin
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 8921
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) On March 6, 2014, President Barack Obama issued Executive Order No. 13660 (79 Fed. Reg. 13493; relating to blocking property of certain persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine), which authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to impose sanctions on those determined to be undermining democratic processes and institutions in Ukraine or threatening the peace, security, stability, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. President Obama subsequently issued Executive Order No. 13661 (79 Fed. Reg. 15535; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine) and Executive Order No. 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16169; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine) to expand sanctions on certain persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine.
(2) On December 18, 2014, the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 was enacted (Public Law 113–272; [22 U.S.C. 8921](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section8921&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), which includes provisions directing the President to impose sanctions on foreign persons that the President determines to be entities owned or controlled by the Government of the Russian Federation or nationals of the Russian Federation that manufacture, sell, transfer, or otherwise provide certain defense articles into Syria.
(3) On April 1, 2015, President Obama issued Executive Order No. 13694 (80 Fed. Reg. 18077; relating to blocking the property of certain persons engaging in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), which authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 9511
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general**
(1) At the times and to the extent specified in [section 1701 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim), the President may, under such regulations as he may prescribe, by means of instructions, licenses, or otherwise—
(A) investigate, regulate, or prohibit—
(i) any transactions in foreign exchange,
(ii) transfers of credit or payments between, by, through, or to any banking institution, to the extent that such transfers or payments involve any interest of any foreign country or a national thereof,
(iii) the importing or exporting of currency or securities,
by any person, or with respect to any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States;
(B) investigate, block during the pendency of an investigation, regulate, direct and compel, nullify, void, prevent or prohibit, any acquisition, holding, withholding, use, transfer, withdrawal, transportation, importation or exportation of, or dealing in, or exercising any right, power, or privilege with respect to, or transactions involving, any property in which any foreign country or a national thereof has any interest by any person, or with respect to any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; and.11 So in original. The period probably should not appear.
(C) when the United States is engaged in armed hostilities or has been attacked by a foreign country or foreign nationals, confiscate any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, of any foreign person, foreign organization, or foreign country that he determines has planned, authorized, aided, or engaged in such hostilities or attacks against the United States; and all right, title, and interest in any prop
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1702
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Unlawful acts** It shall be unlawful for a person to violate, attempt to violate, conspire to violate, or cause a violation of any license, order, regulation, or prohibition issued under this chapter.
**(b) Civil penalty** A civil penalty may be imposed on any person who commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) in an amount not to exceed the greater of—
(1) $250,000; or
(2) an amount that is twice the amount of the transaction that is the basis of the violation with respect to which the penalty is imposed.
**(c) Criminal penalty** A person who willfully commits, willfully attempts to commit, or willfully conspires to commit, or aids or abets in the commission of, an unlawful act described in subsection (a) shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000,000, or if a natural person, may be imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both.
**(d) Statute of limitations**
(1) **Time for commencing proceedings**
(A) *In general* — An action, suit, or proceeding for the enforcement of any civil fine, penalty, or forfeiture, pecuniary or otherwise, under this section shall not be entertained unless commenced within 10 years after the latest date of the violation upon which the civil fine, penalty, or forfeiture is based.
(B) *Commencement* — For purposes of this paragraph, the commencement of an action, suit, or proceeding includes the issuance of a pre-penalty notice or finding of violation.
(2) **Time for indictment** — No person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for any offense under subsection (c) unless the indictment is found or the information is instituted within 10 years after the latest date of the violation upon which the indictment or information is based.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1705
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2162
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 8909
3 So in original. Two subsecs. (e) have been enacted.
under subsection (b) with respect to a person if
the President submits to the appropriate con-
gressional committees a notice that—
(1) the person is not engaging in the activity
that was the basis for the sanctions or has
taken significant verifiable steps toward stop-
ping the activity; and
(2) the President has received reliable assur-
ances that the person will not knowingly en-
gage in activity subject to sanctions under
subsection (a) in the future.
(e) 3 Application of new sanctions
The President may waive the initial applica-
tion of sanctions under subsection (b) with re-
spect to a person only if the President submits
to the appropriate congressional committees—
(1) a written determination that the waiv-
er—
(A) is in the vital national security inter-
ests of the United States; or
(B) will further the enforcement of this
chapter; and
(2) a certification that the Government of
the Russian Federation is taking steps to im-
plement the Minsk Agreement to address the
ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine, signed in
Minsk, Belarus, on February 11, 2015, by the
leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Ger-
many, the Minsk Protocol, which was agreed
to on September 5, 2014, and any successor
agreements that are agreed to by the Govern-
ment of Ukraine.
(e) 3 Regulatory authority
The President shall issue such regulations, li-
censes, and orders as are necessary to carry out
this section.
(Pub. L. 113–95, § 9, Apr. 3, 2014, 128 Stat. 1094;
Pub. L. 115–44, title II, §§ 227, 230(b), Aug. 2, 2017,
131 Stat. 910, 916.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
The International Emergency Economic Powers Act,
referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A), (
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 8909
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2165
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 8923
Sec.
8927.
Expanded broadcasting in countries of the
former Soviet Union.
8928.
Support for Russian democracy and civil soci-
ety organizations.
8929.
Report on non-compliance by the Russian
Federation of its obligations under the INF
Treaty.
8930.
Rule of construction.
§ 8921. Definitions
In this chapter:
(1) Account; correspondent account; payable-
through account
The terms ‘‘account’’, ‘‘correspondent ac-
count’’, and ‘‘payable-through account’’ have
the meanings given those terms in section
5318A of title 31.
(2) Appropriate congressional committees
The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means—
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations
and the Committee on Banking, Housing,
and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and
the Committee on Financial Services of the
House of Representatives.
(3) Defense article; defense service; training
The terms ‘‘defense article’’, ‘‘defense serv-
ice’’, and ‘‘training’’ have the meanings given
those terms in section 2794 of this title.
(4) Financial institution
The term ‘‘financial institution’’ means a fi-
nancial institution specified in subparagraph
(A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), (M),
or (Z) of section 5312(a)(2) of title 31.
(5) Foreign financial institution
The term ‘‘foreign financial institution’’ has
the meaning given that term in section 561.308
of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any
corresponding similar regulation or ruling).
(6) Foreign person
The term ‘‘foreign person’’ means any indi-
vidual or entity that is not a United States
citizen, a permanent resident alien, or an enti-
ty organized under the laws of the United
States or any jurisdiction within
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 8921
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 8921. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 151
TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
§ 1701
CHAPTER 35—INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY
ECONOMIC POWERS
Sec.
1701.
Unusual and extraordinary threat; declara-
tion of national emergency; exercise of
Presidential authorities.
1702.
Presidential authorities.
1703.
Consultation and reports.
1704.
Authority to issue regulations.
1705.
Penalties.
1706.
Savings provisions.
1707.
Multinational economic embargoes against
governments in armed conflict with the
United States.
1708.
Actions to address economic or industrial es-
pionage in cyberspace.
1709.
Imposition of sanctions with respect to theft
of trade secrets of United States persons.
1710.
Confronting asymmetric and malicious cyber
activities.
§ 1701. Unusual and extraordinary threat; dec-
laration of national emergency; exercise of
Presidential authorities
(a) Any authority granted to the President by
section 1702 of this title may be exercised to deal
with any unusual and extraordinary threat,
which has its source in whole or substantial part
outside the United States, to the national secu-
rity, foreign policy, or economy of the United
States, if the President declares a national
emergency with respect to such threat.
(b) The authorities granted to the President
by section 1702 of this title may only be exer-
cised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary
threat with respect to which a national emer-
gency has been declared for purposes of this
chapter and may not be exercised for any other
purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal
with any new threat shall be based on a new dec-
laration of national emergency which must be
with respect to such threat.
(Pub. L. 95–223, title II, § 202, Dec. 28, 1977, 91
Stat. 1626.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
SHORT TITLE
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 50 U.S.C. § 1701
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 50 U.S.C. § 1701. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 224
TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
§ 1702
1 So in original. The period probably should not appear.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 24, 2008, 73 F.R. 36255.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 22, 2007, 72 F.R. 34981.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 22, 2006, 71 F.R. 36183.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 23, 2005, 70 F.R. 36803.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 24, 2004, 69 F.R. 36005.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 20, 2003, 68 F.R. 37389.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 21, 2002, 67 F.R. 42703.
Ex. Ord. No. 13304, May 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 32315.
Ex. Ord. No. 14033, June 8, 2021, 86 F.R. 31079.
YEMEN
Ex. Ord. No. 13611, May 16, 2012, 77 F.R. 29533.
Continuations of national emergency declared by
Ex. Ord. No. 13611 were contained in the following:
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
14, 2024, 89 F.R. 42765.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
11, 2023, 88 F.R. 31141.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
9, 2022, 87 F.R. 29023.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
11, 2021, 86 F.R. 26341.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
7, 2020, 85 F.R. 27643.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
13, 2019, 84 F.R. 22047.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
14, 2018, 83 F.R. 22585.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
8, 2017, 82 F.R. 21905.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
12, 2016, 81 F.R. 30155.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
13, 2015, 80 F.R. 27851.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
12, 2014, 79 F.R. 27477.
Notice of
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 50 U.S.C. § 1702
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 50 U.S.C. § 1702. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 227
TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
§ 1706
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
The National Emergencies Act, referred to in subsec.
(d), is Pub. L. 94–412, Sept. 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 1255. Title
IV of the National Emergencies Act enacted subchapter
IV (§ 1641) of chapter 34 of this title. For complete clas-
sification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note
set out under section 1601 of this title and Tables.
§ 1704. Authority to issue regulations
The President may issue such regulations, in-
cluding regulations prescribing definitions, as
may be necessary for the exercise of the authori-
ties granted by this chapter.
(Pub. L. 95–223, title II, § 205, Dec. 28, 1977, 91
Stat. 1628.)
§ 1705. Penalties
(a) Unlawful acts
It shall be unlawful for a person to violate, at-
tempt to violate, conspire to violate, or cause a
violation of any license, order, regulation, or
prohibition issued under this chapter.
(b) Civil penalty
A civil penalty may be imposed on any person
who commits an unlawful act described in sub-
section (a) in an amount not to exceed the
greater of—
(1) $250,000; or
(2) an amount that is twice the amount of
the transaction that is the basis of the viola-
tion with respect to which the penalty is im-
posed.
(c) Criminal penalty
A person who willfully commits, willfully at-
tempts to commit, or willfully conspires to com-
mit, or aids or abets in the commission of, an
unlawful act described in subsection (a) shall,
upon conviction, be fined not more than
$1,000,000, or if a natural person, may be impris-
oned for not more than 20 years, or both.
(d) Statute of limitations
(1) Time for commencing proceedings
(A) In general
An action, suit, or proceeding for the en-
forcement of any civil fine, penalty, or for-
feiture, p
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 50 U.S.C. § 1705
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 50 U.S.C. § 1705. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.