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22 U.S.C. § 9511 — Findings

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 9511 — Findings

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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 102, § 9511; chapter-102-countering-russian-influence-in-europe-and-eurasia.md

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Congress makes the following findings: (1) On March 6, 2014, President Barack Obama issued Executive Order No. 13660 (79 Fed. Reg. 13493; relating to blocking property of certain persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine), which authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to impose sanctions on those determined to be undermining democratic processes and institutions in Ukraine or threatening the peace, security, stability, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. President Obama subsequently issued Executive Order No. 13661 (79 Fed. Reg. 15535; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine) and Executive Order No. 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16169; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine) to expand sanctions on certain persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine. (2) On December 18, 2014, the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 was enacted (Public Law 113–272; [22 U.S.C. 8921](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section8921&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), which includes provisions directing the President to impose sanctions on foreign persons that the President determines to be entities owned or controlled by the Government of the Russian Federation or nationals of the Russian Federation that manufacture, sell, transfer, or otherwise provide certain defense articles into Syria. (3) On April 1, 2015, President Obama issued Executive Order No. 13694 (80 Fed. Reg. 18077; relating to blocking the property of certain persons engaging in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), which authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of State, to impose sanctions on persons determined to be engaged in malicious cyber-hacking. (4) On July 26, 2016, President Obama approved a Presidential Policy Directive on United States Cyber Incident Coordination, which states, “certain cyber incidents that have significant impacts on an entity, our national security, or the broader economy require a unique approach to response efforts”. (5) On December 29, 2016, President Obama issued an annex to Executive Order No. 13694,11 See References in Text note below. which authorized sanctions on the following entities and individuals: (A) The Main Intelligence Directorate (also known as Glavnoe Razvedyvatel’noe Upravlenie or the GRU) in Moscow, Russian Federation. (B) The Federal Security Service (also known as Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti or the FSB) in Moscow, Russian Federation. (C) The Special Technology Center (also known as STLC, Ltd. Special Technology Center St. Petersburg) in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. (D) Zorsecurity (also known as Esage Lab) in Moscow, Russian Federation. (E) The autonomous noncommercial organization known as the Professional Association of Designers of Data Processing Systems (also known as ANO PO KSI) in Moscow, Russian Federation. (F) Igor Valentinovich Korobov. (G) Sergey Aleksandrovich Gizunov. (H) Igor Olegovich Kostyukov. (I) Vladimir Stepanovich Alexseyev. (6) On January 6, 2017, an assessment of the United States intelligence community entitled, “Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent U.S. Elections” stated, “Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the United States presidential election.” The assessment warns that “Moscow will apply lessons learned from its Putin-ordered campaign aimed at the U.S. Presidential election to future influence efforts worldwide, including against U.S. allies and their election processes”.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

50 U.S.C. § 1701 — Unusual and extraordinary threat; declaration of national emergency; exercise of Presidential authorities

**(a)** Any authority granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat. **(b)** The authorities granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat.

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50 U.S.C. § 3021 — Short title

This chapter may be cited as the “National Security Act of 1947”.

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22 U.S.C. § 8921 — Definitions

In this chapter: (1) **Account; correspondent account; payable-through account** — The terms “account”, “correspondent account”, and “payable-through account” have the meanings given those terms in [section 5318A of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section5318A&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives. (3) **Defense article; defense service; training** — The terms “defense article”, “defense service”, and “training” have the meanings given those terms in [section 2794 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2794&num=0&edition=prelim). (4) **Financial institution** — The term “financial institution” means a financial institution specified in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J), (M), or (Z) of [section 5312(a)(2) of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section5312/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim). (5) **Foreign financial institution** — The term “foreign financial institution” has the meaning given that term in section 561.308 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling). (6) **Foreign person** — The term “foreign person” means any individual or entity that is not a United States citizen, a permanent resident alien, or an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States. (7) **Knowingly** — The term “knowin

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31 U.S.C. § 5326 — Records of certain domestic transactions

**(a) In General.—** If the Secretary of the Treasury finds, upon the Secretary’s own initiative or at the request of an appropriate Federal or State law enforcement official, that reasonable grounds exist for concluding that additional recordkeeping and reporting requirements are necessary to carry out the purposes of this subtitle or to prevent evasions thereof, the Secretary may issue an order requiring any domestic financial institution or nonfinancial trade or business or group of domestic financial institutions or nonfinancial trades or businesses in a geographic area— (1) to obtain such information as the Secretary may describe in such order concerning— (A) any transaction in which such financial institution or nonfinancial trade or business is involved for the payment, receipt, or transfer of funds (as the Secretary may describe in such order), the total amounts or denominations of which are equal to or greater than an amount which the Secretary may prescribe; and (B) any other person participating in such transaction; (2) to maintain a record of such information for such period of time as the Secretary may require; and (3) to file a report with respect to any transaction described in paragraph (1)(A) in the manner and to the extent specified in the order. **(b) Authority To Order Depository Institutions To Obtain Reports From Customers.—** (1) **In general.—** — The Secretary of the Treasury may, by regulation or order, require any depository institution (as defined in section 3(c) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act)— (A) to request any financial institution or nonfinancial trade or business (other than a depository institution) which engages in any reportable transaction with the depository institution to provide the depository institution with

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 8907 — Sanctions on persons responsible for violence or undermining the peace, security, stability, sovereignty, or territorial integrity of Ukraine

**(a) In general** The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to— (1) any person, including a current or former official of the Government of Ukraine or a person acting on behalf of that Government, that the President determines has perpetrated, or is responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, significant acts of violence or gross human rights abuses in Ukraine against persons associated with the antigovernment protests in Ukraine that began on November 21, 2013; (2) any person that the President determines has perpetrated, or is responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, significant acts that are intended to undermine the peace, security, stability, sovereignty, or territorial integrity of Ukraine, including acts of economic extortion; (3) any official of the Government of the Russian Federation, or a close associate or family member of such an official, that the President determines is responsible for, complicit in, or responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, acts of significant corruption in Ukraine, including the expropriation of private or public assets for personal gain, corruption related to government contracts or the extraction of natural resources, bribery, or the facilitation or transfer of the proceeds of corruption to foreign jurisdictions; and (4) any individual that the President determines materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services in support of, the commission of acts described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3). **(b) Sanctions described** (1) **In general** — The sanctions described in this subsection are the following: (A) *Asset blocking* — The exercise of all powers granted

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 8908 — Sanctions on persons in the Russian Federation complicit in or responsible for significant corruption

**(a) In general** The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to— (1) any official of the Government of the Russian Federation, or a close associate or family member of such an official, that the President determines is, on or after August 2, 2017, responsible for, or complicit in, or responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, acts of significant corruption in the Russian Federation or elsewhere, including the expropriation of private or public assets for personal gain, corruption related to government contracts or the extraction of natural resources, bribery, or the facilitation or transfer of the proceeds of corruption to foreign jurisdictions; and (2) any individual who has materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services in support of, an act described in paragraph (1). **(b) Sanctions described** (1) **In general** — The sanctions described in this subsection are the following: (A) *Asset blocking* — The exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person. (B) *Exclusion from the United States and revocation of visa or other documentation* — In the case of an alien determined by the President to be subject to subs

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 8909 — Mandatory imposition of sanctions with respect to certain transactions with persons that evade sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian Federation

**(a) In general** The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to a foreign person if the President determines that the foreign person knowingly, on or after August 2, 2017— (1) materially violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of any license, order, regulation, or prohibition contained in or issued pursuant to any covered Executive order, this chapter, or the Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 ([22 U.S.C. 8921](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section8921&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); or (2) facilitates a significant transaction or transactions, including deceptive or structured transactions, for or on behalf of— (A) any person subject to sanctions imposed by the United States with respect to the Russian Federation; or (B) any child, spouse, parent, or sibling of an individual described in subparagraph (A). **(b) Sanctions described** The sanctions described in this subsection are the exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person. **(c) Implementation; penalties** (1) **Implementation** — The President may exercise all authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic P

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22 U.S.C. § 8910 — Mandatory imposition of sanctions with respect to transactions with persons responsible for human rights abuses

**(a) In general** The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to a foreign person if the President determines that the foreign person, based on credible information, on or after August 2, 2017— (1) is responsible for, complicit in, or responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, the commission of serious human rights abuses in any territory forcibly occupied or otherwise controlled by the Government of the Russian Federation; (2) materially assists, sponsors, or provides financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to, a foreign person described in paragraph (1); or (3) is owned or controlled by, or acts or purports to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, a foreign person described in paragraph (1). **(b) Sanctions described** (1) **Asset blocking** — The exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person. (2) **Exclusion from the United States and revocation of visa or other documentation** — In the case of an alien determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a), denial of a visa to, and exclusion from the United States of, the alien, and revocation in accordance with [section 1201(i) of title 8](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=g

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22 U.S.C. § 8923 — Sanctions relating to the defense and energy sectors of the Russian Federation

**(a) Sanctions relating to the defense sector** (1) **Rosoboronexport** — Except as provided in subsection (d), not later than 30 days after December 18, 2014, the President shall impose 3 or more of the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to Rosoboronexport. (2) **Russian producers, transferors, or brokers of defense articles** — Except as provided in subsection (d), on and after the date that is 45 days after December 18, 2014, the President shall impose 3 or more of the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to a foreign person the President determines— (A) is an entity— (i) owned or controlled by the Government of the Russian Federation or owned or controlled by nationals of the Russian Federation; and (ii) that— (I) knowingly manufactures or sells defense articles transferred into Syria or into the territory of a specified country without the consent of the internationally recognized government of that country; (II) transfers defense articles into Syria or into the territory of a specified country without the consent of the internationally recognized government of that country; or (III) brokers or otherwise assists in the transfer of defense articles into Syria or into the territory of a specified country without the consent of the internationally recognized government of that country; or (B) knowingly, on or after December 18, 2014, assists, sponsors, or provides financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in support of, an entity described in subparagraph (A) with respect to an activity described in clause (ii) of that subparagraph. (3) **Specified country defined** (A) *In general* — In this subsection, the term “specified country” means— (i) Ukraine, Ge

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 8923

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22 U.S.C. § 9524 — Codification of sanctions relating to the Russian Federation

**(a) Codification** United States sanctions provided for in Executive Order No. 13660 (79 Fed. Reg. 13493; relating to blocking property of certain persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine), Executive Order No. 13661 (79 Fed. Reg. 15535; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine), Executive Order No. 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16169; relating to blocking property of additional persons contributing to the situation in Ukraine), Executive Order No. 13685 (79 Fed. Reg. 77357; relating to blocking property of certain persons and prohibiting certain transactions with respect to the Crimea region of Ukraine), Executive Order No. 13694 (80 Fed. Reg. 18077; relating to blocking the property of certain persons engaging in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), and Executive Order No. 13757 (82 Fed. Reg. 1; relating to taking additional steps to address the national emergency with respect to significant malicious cyber-enabled activities), as in effect on the day before August 2, 2017, including with respect to all persons sanctioned under such Executive orders, shall remain in effect except as provided in subsection (b). **(b) Termination of certain sanctions** Subject to [section 9511 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9511&num=0&edition=prelim), the President may terminate the application of sanctions described in subsection (a) that are imposed on a person in connection with activity conducted by the person if the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees a notice that— (1) the person is not engaging in the activity that was the basis for the sanctions or has taken significant verifiable steps toward stopping the activity; and (2) the P

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 9524

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