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7 U.S.C. § 3196 — Research on national and regional animal health or disease problems
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated such funds as Congress may determine necessary to support research on specific national or regional animal health or disease problems, or national or regional problems relating to pre-harvest, on-farm food safety, or animal well-being, but not to exceed $35,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1991 through 2012, and not in excess of such sums as may after September 29, 1977, be authorized by law for any subsequent fiscal year.
**(b) Duration of grants** Notwithstanding the provisions of [section 3197 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section3197&num=0&edition=prelim), funds appropriated under this section shall be awarded in the form of grants, for periods not to exceed five years, to State agricultural experiment stations, colleges and universities (including 1890 Institutions (as defined in [section 7601 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section7601&num=0&edition=prelim))), other research institutions and organizations, Federal agencies, private organizations or corporations, and individuals.
**(c) Establishment of annual priority lists for allocation of funds** In order to establish a rational allocation of funds appropriated under this section, the Secretary shall establish annually priority lists of animal health and disease, food safety, and animal well-being problems of national or regional significance. Such lists shall be prepared after consultation with the Advisory Board. Any recommendations made in connection with such consultation shall not be controlling on the Secretary’s determination of priorities. In establishing such priorities, the Secretary and the Advisory Board shall con
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-7/section-3196-research-on-national-and-regional-animal-health-or-disease-problems--4181e69bb6.md
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Source location: Title 7, Chapter 64, § 3196; chapter-064-agricultural-research-extension-and-teaching.md
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**(a) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated such funds as Congress may determine necessary to support research on specific national or regional animal health or disease problems, or national or regional problems relating to pre-harvest, on-farm food safety, or animal well-being, but not to exceed $35,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1991 through 2012, and not in excess of such sums as may after September 29, 1977, be authorized by law for any subsequent fiscal year.
**(b) Duration of grants** Notwithstanding the provisions of [section 3197 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section3197&num=0&edition=prelim), funds appropriated under this section shall be awarded in the form of grants, for periods not to exceed five years, to State agricultural experiment stations, colleges and universities (including 1890 Institutions (as defined in [section 7601 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section7601&num=0&edition=prelim))), other research institutions and organizations, Federal agencies, private organizations or corporations, and individuals.
**(c) Establishment of annual priority lists for allocation of funds** In order to establish a rational allocation of funds appropriated under this section, the Secretary shall establish annually priority lists of animal health and disease, food safety, and animal well-being problems of national or regional significance. Such lists shall be prepared after consultation with the Advisory Board. Any recommendations made in connection with such consultation shall not be controlling on the Secretary’s determination of priorities. In establishing such priorities, the Secretary and the Advisory Board shall consider the following factors:
(1) any health or disease problem which causes or may cause significant economic losses to any part of the livestock production industry;
(2) any food safety problem that has a significant pre-harvest (on-farm) component and is recognized as posing a significant health hazard to the consuming public;
(3) issues of animal well-being related to production methods that will improve the housing and management of animals to improve the well-being of livestock production species;
(4) whether current scientific knowledge necessary to prevent, cure, or abate such a health or disease problem is adequate; and
(5) whether the status of scientific research is such that accomplishments may be anticipated through the application of scientific effort to such health or disease problem.
**(d) Assignment of priorities for grants** Without regard to any consultation under subsection (c), the Secretary shall, to the extent feasible, award grants on the basis of the priorities assigned through a peer review system. Grantees shall be selected on a competitive basis in accordance with such procedures as the Secretary may establish.
**(e) Distribution of multiyear grants** In the case of multiyear grants, the Secretary shall distribute funds to grant recipients on a schedule which is reasonably related to the timetable required for the orderly conduct of the research project involved.
**(f) Applicability of chapter 10 of title 5** Chapter 10 of title 5 and title XVIII of this Act [[7 U.S.C. 2281](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2281&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] shall not apply to a panel or board created solely for the purpose of reviewing applications or proposals submitted under this subchapter.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The powers conferred under this chapter shall not be used to discourage the production of supplies of foods and fibers sufficient to maintain normal domestic human consumption as determined by the Secretary from the records of domestic human consumption in the years 1920 to 1929, inclusive, taking into consideration increased population quantities of any commodity that were forced into domestic consumption by decline in exports during such period, current trends in domestic consumption and exports of particular commodities, and the quantities of substitutes available for domestic consumption within any general class of food commodities. In carrying out the purposes of this chapter it shall be the duty of the Secretary to give due regard to the maintenance of a continuous and stable supply of agricultural commodities from domestic production adequate to meet consumer demand at prices fair to both producers and consumers.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 1307
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Funds available to carry out sections 3195(a) and 3196 of this title shall be paid to each State or eligible institution at such times and in such amounts as shall be determined by the Secretary. Funds shall remain available for payment of unliquidated obligations for one additional fiscal year following the year of appropriation.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 3197
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section 7671, Pub. L. 105–185, title VI, § 631, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 608, related to evaluation and assessment of agricultural research, extension, and education programs.
Section 7672, Pub. L. 105–185, title VI, § 632, June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 608, related to study of federally funded agricultural research, extension, and education.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 7601
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given the term in [section 5602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section5602&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher** — The term “geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher” has the meaning given the term in section 10906(a) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 ([7 U.S.C. 2204](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2204&num=0&edition=prelim) note; Public Law 107–171).
**(b) Authorization** Subject to the availability of funds under subsection (d), the Secretary may provide geographically disadvantaged farmers or ranchers direct reimbursement payments for activities described in subsection (c).
**(c) Transportation**
(1) **In general** — Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the Secretary may provide direct reimbursement payments to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher to transport an agricultural commodity, or inputs used to produce an agricultural commodity, during a fiscal year.
(2) **Proof of eligibility** — To be eligible to receive assistance under paragraph (1), a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher shall demonstrate to the Secretary that transportation of the agricultural commodity or inputs occurred over a distance of more than 30 miles, as determined by the Secretary.
(3) **Amount**
(A) *In general* — Subject to paragraph (2), the amount of direct reimbursement payments made to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher under this section for a fiscal year shall equal the product obtained by multiplying—
(i) the amount of costs incurred by the geographically di
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 8701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Flowers and plants are an integral part of American life, contributing a natural and beautiful element, especially in urban areas, to what is increasingly a manmade, artificial environment for this country’s citizens. Providing comfort and pleasure for many special occasions as well as for everyday living, flowers and plants work against visual pollution and, in the case of green plants, generate oxygen within their environment. The flowers and plants to which this chapter refers are cut flowers, potted flowering plants, and foliage plants. These flowers and plants are produced by many individual producers throughout the United States and in foreign countries. These products move in interstate and foreign commerce, and those that do not move in such channels of commerce directly burden or affect interstate commerce of these products. The maintenance and expansion of existing markets and the development of new or improved markets and uses are vital to the welfare of flower and plant producers, brokers, wholesalers, and retailers throughout the Nation. The floral industry within the United States is comprised mainly of small- and medium-sized businesses. The producers are primarily agriculturally-oriented companies rather than promotion-oriented companies. The development and implementation of coordinated programs of research and promotion necessary for the maintenance of markets and the development of new markets have been inadequate. Without cooperative action in providing for and financing such programs, individual flower and plant producers, wholesalers, and retailers are unable to implement programs of research, consumer and producer information, and promotion necessary to maintain and improve markets for these products. It is widely recognized that it is in the publ
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 4301
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purposes of this chapter are to—
(1) require strict financial and program accounting by advisory committees of the Department of Agriculture;
(2) assure balance and objectivity in the membership of such advisory committees; and
(3) prevent the formation or continuation of unnecessary advisory committees by the Department of Agriculture.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 2281
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Secretary is authorized and directed to make such expenditures as he deems necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter and sections 590g, 590h, 590i, and 590j to 590q of title 16, including personal services and rents in the District of Columbia and elsewhere; traveling expenses; supplies and equipment; lawbooks, books of reference, directories, periodicals, and newspapers; and the preparation and display of exhibits, including such displays at community, county, State, interstate, and international fairs within the United States. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed upon the request of the Secretary to establish one or more separate appropriation accounts into which there shall be transferred from the respective funds available for the purposes of this chapter and chapter 3B of title 16, in connection with which personnel or other facilities of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration are utilized, proportionate amounts estimated by the Secretary to be required by the Agricultural Adjustment Administration for administrative expenses in carrying out or cooperating in carrying out any of the provisions of this chapter and chapter 3B of title 16.
**(b)** In the administration of this subchapter and sections 590g, 590h, 590i, and 590j to 590q of title 16, the aggregate amount expended in any fiscal year, beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1942, for administrative expenses in the District of Columbia, including regional offices, and in the several States (not including the expenses of county and local committees) shall not exceed 3 per centum of the total amount available for such fiscal year for carrying out the purposes of this subchapter and chapter 3B of title 16, unless otherwise provided by appropriation or oth
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 1281
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
No funds in excess of $100,000, exclusive of the funds provided for research on specific national or regional animal health and disease problems under the provisions of [section 3196 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section3196&num=0&edition=prelim), shall be paid by the Federal Government to any State under subsection (c) of [section 3195 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section3195&num=0&edition=prelim) to carry out subsection (a) of such section during any fiscal year in excess of the amount from non-Federal sources made available to and budgeted for expenditure by eligible institutions in the State during the same fiscal year for animal health and disease research. The Secretary is authorized to make such payments in excess of $100,000 on the certificate of the appropriate official of the eligible institution having charge of the animal health and disease research for which such payments are to be made. If any eligible institution certified for receipt of matching funds fails to make available and budget for expenditure for animal health and disease research in any fiscal year sums at least equal to the amount for which it is certified, the difference between the Federal matching funds available and the funds made available to and budgeted for expenditure by the eligible institution shall be reapportioned by the Secretary among other eligible institutions of the same State, if there are any which qualify therefor, and, if there are none, the Secretary shall reapportion such difference among the other States.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 3200
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The sums appropriated and allocated to States and eligible institutions under subsection (c) of [section 3195 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section3195&num=0&edition=prelim) to carry out subsection (a) of such section or [section 3196 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section3196&num=0&edition=prelim), as applicable, shall be in addition to, and not in substitution for, sums appropriated or otherwise made available to such States and institutions pursuant to other provisions of law.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 3201
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1491
TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE
§ 2282
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
DEFINITION OF ‘‘SECRETARY’’
‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Agriculture, see
section 2 of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under sec-
tion 9001 of this title.
§ 2279l. National Detector Dog Training Center
(a) In general
There is established a National Detector Dog
Training Center (referred to in this section as
the ‘‘Center’’).
(b) Duties
The Center shall have the following duties:
(1) Training dogs for the purpose of safe-
guarding domestic agricultural and natural re-
sources from foreign and invasive pests and
diseases.
(2) Training human handlers to successfully
select and train dogs for the purpose described
in paragraph (1).
(3) Collaborating with relevant Federal
agencies, including U.S. Customs and Border
Protection, to safeguard domestic agricultural
and natural resources.
(4) Collaborating with external stakeholders,
including State departments of agriculture,
local and county agricultural officials, private
sector entities, and other relevant non-Federal
partners.
(5) Ensuring the health and welfare of all
dogs under the care of the Center, including by
ensuring access to necessary veterinary care,
adequate shelter, and proper nutrition.
(6) Providing opportunities for private adop-
tion of retirement-age trained dogs and dogs
that do not complete training.
(7) Any other duties necessary to safeguard
domestic agricultural and natural resources
from foreign and invasive pests and diseases,
as determined by the Secretary of Agriculture,
acting through the Administrator of the Ani-
mal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
(Pub. L. 118–191, § 2, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2658.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This section, referred to in su
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 7 U.S.C. § 2281
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