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22 U.S.C. § 2732b — Improving research and evaluation of public diplomacy
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Research and evaluation activities** The Secretary, acting through the Director of Research and Evaluation appointed pursuant to subsection (b), shall—
(1) conduct regular research and evaluation of public diplomacy programs and activities of the Department, including through the routine use of audience research, digital analytics, and impact evaluations, to plan and execute such programs and activities; and
(2) make available to Congress the findings of the research and evaluations conducted under paragraph (1).
**(b) Director of Research and Evaluation**
(1) **Appointment** — Not later than 90 days after December 27, 2021, the Secretary shall appoint a Director of Research and Evaluation (referred to in this subsection as the “Director”) in the Office of Policy, Planning, and Resources for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs of the Department.
(2) **Limitation on appointment** — The appointment of the Director pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not result in an increase in the overall full-time equivalent positions within the Department.
(3) **Responsibilities** — The Director shall—
(A) coordinate and oversee the research and evaluation of public diplomacy programs and activities of the Department in order to—
(i) improve public diplomacy strategies and tactics; and
(ii) ensure that such programs and activities are increasing the knowledge, understanding, and trust of the United States by relevant target audiences;
(B) routinely organize and oversee audience research, digital analytics, and impact evaluations across all public diplomacy bureaus and offices of the Department;
(C) support United States diplomatic posts’ public affairs sections;
(D) share appropriate public diplomacy research and evaluation information within the Departmen
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-2732b-improving-research-and-evaluation-of-public-diplomacy--1dfbcfe39d.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 38, § 2732b; chapter-038-department-of-state.md
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**(a) Research and evaluation activities** The Secretary, acting through the Director of Research and Evaluation appointed pursuant to subsection (b), shall—
(1) conduct regular research and evaluation of public diplomacy programs and activities of the Department, including through the routine use of audience research, digital analytics, and impact evaluations, to plan and execute such programs and activities; and
(2) make available to Congress the findings of the research and evaluations conducted under paragraph (1).
**(b) Director of Research and Evaluation**
(1) **Appointment** — Not later than 90 days after December 27, 2021, the Secretary shall appoint a Director of Research and Evaluation (referred to in this subsection as the “Director”) in the Office of Policy, Planning, and Resources for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs of the Department.
(2) **Limitation on appointment** — The appointment of the Director pursuant to paragraph (1) shall not result in an increase in the overall full-time equivalent positions within the Department.
(3) **Responsibilities** — The Director shall—
(A) coordinate and oversee the research and evaluation of public diplomacy programs and activities of the Department in order to—
(i) improve public diplomacy strategies and tactics; and
(ii) ensure that such programs and activities are increasing the knowledge, understanding, and trust of the United States by relevant target audiences;
(B) routinely organize and oversee audience research, digital analytics, and impact evaluations across all public diplomacy bureaus and offices of the Department;
(C) support United States diplomatic posts’ public affairs sections;
(D) share appropriate public diplomacy research and evaluation information within the Department and with other appropriate Federal departments and agencies;
(E) regularly design and coordinate standardized research questions, methodologies, and procedures to ensure that public diplomacy programs and activities across all public diplomacy bureaus and offices are designed to meet appropriate foreign policy objectives; and
(F) report biannually to the United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, through the Subcommittee on Research and Evaluation established pursuant to subsection (f), regarding the research and evaluation of all public diplomacy bureaus and offices.
(4) **Guidance and training** — Not later than 1 year after the appointment of the Director pursuant to paragraph (1), the Director shall develop guidance and training, including curriculum for use by the Foreign Service Institute, for all public diplomacy officers of the Department regarding the reading and interpretation of public diplomacy program and activity evaluation findings to ensure that such findings and related lessons learned are implemented in the planning and evaluation of all public diplomacy programs and activities of the Department.
**(c) Prioritizing research and evaluation**
(1) **In general** — The head of the Office of Policy, Planning, and Resources for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs of the Department shall ensure that research and evaluation of public diplomacy and activities of the Department, as coordinated and overseen by the Director pursuant to subsection (b), supports strategic planning and resource allocation across all public diplomacy bureaus and offices of the Department.
(2) **Allocation of resources** — Amounts allocated for the purpose of research and evaluation of public diplomacy programs and activities of the Department pursuant to subsection (b) shall be made available to be disbursed at the direction of the Director of Research and Evaluation among the research and evaluation staff across all public diplomacy bureaus and offices of the Department.
(3) **Sense of Congress** — It is the sense of Congress that the Department should gradually increase its allocation of funds made available under the headings “Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs” and “Diplomatic Programs” for research and evaluation of public diplomacy programs and activities of the Department pursuant to subsection (b) to a percentage of program funds that is commensurate with Federal Government best practices.
**(d) Limited exemption relating to the Paperwork Reduction Act** Chapter 35 of title 44 (commonly known as the “Paperwork Reduction Act”) shall not apply to the collection of information directed at any individuals conducted by, or on behalf of, the Department of State for the purpose of audience research, monitoring, and evaluations, and in connection with the Department’s activities conducted pursuant to any of the following:
(1) The Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 ([22 U.S.C. 2451](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2451&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
(2) Section 1287 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; [22 U.S.C. 2656](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2656&num=0&edition=prelim) note).
(3) The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ([22 U.S.C. 2151](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2151&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
**(e) Limited exemption relating to the Privacy Act**
(1) **In general** — The Department shall maintain, collect, use, and disseminate records (as such term is defined in [section 552a(a)(4) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section552a/a/4&num=0&edition=prelim)) for audience research, digital analytics, and impact evaluation of communications related to public diplomacy efforts intended for foreign audiences.
(2) **Conditions** — Audience research, digital analytics, and impact evaluations under paragraph (1) shall be—
(A) reasonably tailored to meet the purposes of this subsection; and
(B) carried out with due regard for privacy and civil liberties guidance and oversight.
**(f) United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy**
(1) **Subcommittee for research and evaluation** — The United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy shall establish a Subcommittee on Research and Evaluation to monitor and advise regarding audience research, digital analytics, and impact evaluations carried out by the Department and the United States Agency for Global Media.
(2) **Annual report** — The Subcommittee on Research and Evaluation established pursuant to paragraph (1) shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees an annual report, in conjunction with the United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy’s Comprehensive Annual Report on the performance of the Department and the United States Agency for Global Media, describing all actions taken by the Subcommittee pursuant to paragraph (1) and any findings made as a result of such actions.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary of State shall perform such duties as shall from time to time be enjoined on or intrusted to him by the President relative to correspondences, commissions, or instructions to or with public ministers or consuls from the United States, or to negotiations with public ministers from foreign states or princes, or to memorials or other applications from foreign public ministers or other foreigners, or to such other matters respecting foreign affairs as the President of the United States shall assign to the Department, and he shall conduct the business of the Department in such manner as the President shall direct.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2656
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(a) United States development cooperation policy
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2151
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** For purposes of this section—
(1) the term “agency” means agency as defined in section 552(e) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title;
(2) the term “individual” means a citizen of the United States or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence;
(3) the term “maintain” includes maintain, collect, use, or disseminate;
(4) the term “record” means any item, collection, or grouping of information about an individual that is maintained by an agency, including, but not limited to, his education, financial transactions, medical history, and criminal or employment history and that contains his name, or the identifying number, symbol, or other identifying particular assigned to the individual, such as a finger or voice print or a photograph;
(5) the term “system of records” means a group of any records under the control of any agency from which information is retrieved by the name of the individual or by some identifying number, symbol, or other identifying particular assigned to the individual;
(6) the term “statistical record” means a record in a system of records maintained for statistical research or reporting purposes only and not used in whole or in part in making any determination about an identifiable individual, except as provided by [section 8 of title 13](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title13-section8&num=0&edition=prelim);
(7) the term “routine use” means, with respect to the disclosure of a record, the use of such record for a purpose which is compatible with the purpose for which it was collected;
(8) the term “matching program”—
(A) means any computerized comparison of—
(i) two or more automated systems of records or a system of records with non-Federal records for the purpose
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 552a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Unless authorized by law, neither the President nor any person or agency shall, on behalf of the United States—
(1) subscribe to additional shares of stock of the Agency;
(2) vote for or agree to any amendment of the Convention which increases the obligations of the United States, or which changes the purpose or functions of the Agency; or
(3) make a loan or provide other financing to the Agency.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 263c
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purpose of this chapter is to enable the Government of the United States to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries by means of educational and cultural exchange; to strengthen the ties which unite us with other nations by demonstrating the educational and cultural interests, developments, and achievements of the people of the United States and other nations, and the contributions being made toward a peaceful and more fruitful life for people throughout the world; to promote international cooperation for educational and cultural advancement; and thus to assist in the development of friendly, sympathetic, and peaceful relations between the United States and the other countries of the world.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2451
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary shall—
(1) identify opportunities for greater efficiency of operations, including through improved coordination of efforts across public diplomacy bureaus and offices of the Department; and
(2) maximize shared use of resources between, and within, such public diplomacy bureaus and offices in cases in which programs, facilities, or administrative functions are duplicative or substantially overlapping.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2732a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 532
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2151
Sec.
2394a.
Extortion and illegal payments to offi-
cials of foreign countries receiving
international security assistance.
2394b.
HELP Commission.
2394c.
Information on covered United States
foreign assistance programs.
2395.
General authorities.
2395a.
International
agreements
concerning
debt relief; transmittal to congres-
sional committees.
2396.
Availability of funds.
2396a.
Property Management Fund.
2396b.
USAID Buying Power Maintenance Ac-
count.
2397.
Administrative expenses.
2398.
Assistance to countries pursuant to
other statutes.
2399 to 2399a. Repealed or Transferred.
2399b.
False claims and ineligible commodities.
2399c.
Coordination of policies and programs.
2399d.
Shipping differential.
PART III—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
2401.
Effective date; identification of pro-
grams.
2402.
Saving provisions.
2403.
Definitions.
2404.
Unexpended balances.
2405.
Separability.
2406.
Development programs for dependable
fuel supplies.
2407.
Special authorization for use of foreign
currencies.
2408.
Repealed.
2409.
Use of United States Armed Forces.
2410, 2410a.
Repealed.
2411.
Limitation upon exercise of special au-
thorities.
2412.
Limitation on foreign assistance appro-
priations.
2413.
Changes in allocation of foreign assist-
ance.
2414.
Presidential findings and determina-
tions.
2414a.
Annual report to Congress on voting
practices at United Nations.
2415.
Annual military assistance report.
2416.
Annual foreign military training report.
2417 to 2419.
Repealed.
2420.
Police training prohibition.
2421.
Trade and Development Agency.
2421a.
Capital projects office within Agency for
International Development.
2421b.
Capital projects for
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2151
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2151. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 959
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2451
69 F.R. 41901, set out as a note under section 1738 of
Title 7, Agriculture.
§ 2431k. Annual reports to Congress
Not later than April 15 of each year, the Presi-
dent shall prepare and transmit to the Congress
an annual report concerning the operation of
the Facility for the prior calendar year. Such re-
port shall include—
(1) a description of the activities undertaken
by the Facility during the previous calendar
year;
(2) a description of any Agreement entered
into under this subchapter;
(3) a report on any Funds that have been es-
tablished under this subchapter and on the op-
erations of such Funds; and
(4) a description of any grants that have
been provided by administering bodies pursu-
ant to Agreements under this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 813, as added Pub. L.
105–214, § 1, July 29, 1998, 112 Stat. 893; amended
Pub. L. 115–440, § 10, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5584.)
Editorial Notes
PRIOR PROVISIONS
Prior sections 2432 to 2435 were repealed by Pub. L.
94–329, title IV, § 413(a), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 761.
Section 2432, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 802, as added Pub.
L. 93–189, § 24, Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 728, authorized ap-
propriation of $504,000,000 for fiscal year 1974 to remain
available until expended for relief and reconstruction
of South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.
Section 2433, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 803, as added Pub.
L. 93–189, § 24, Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 728, provided for as-
sistance to South Vietnamese children.
Section 2434, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 804, as added Pub.
L. 93–189, § 24, Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 729, made provision
for assistance to the Center for Plastic and Reconstruc-
tive Surgery in Saigon.
Section 2435, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 80
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2451
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2451. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1074
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2655b
1 See Change of Name note below.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1994 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 103–236 applicable with re-
spect to officials, offices, and bureaus of Department of
State when executive orders, regulations, or depart-
mental directives implementing the amendments by
sections 161 and 162 of Pub. L. 103–236 become effective,
or 90 days after Apr. 30, 1994, whichever comes earlier,
see section 161(b) of Pub. L. 103–236, as amended, set out
as a note under section 2651a of this title.
AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY OF STATE
Except as otherwise provided, Secretary of State to
have and exercise any authority vested by law in any
official or office of Department of State and references
to such officials or offices deemed to refer to Secretary
of State or Department of State, as appropriate, see
section 2651a of this title and section 161(d) of Pub. L.
103–236, set out as a note under section 2651a of this
title.
§ 2655b. Diplomatic presence overseas
(a) Purpose
The purpose of this section is to—
(1) elevate the stature given United States
diplomatic
initiatives
relating
to
non-
proliferation and political-military issues; and
(2) develop a group of highly specialized,
technical experts with country expertise capa-
ble of administering the nonproliferation and
political-military affairs functions of the De-
partment.
(b) Authority
To carry out the purposes of subsection (a),
the Secretary is authorized to establish the po-
sition of Counselor for Nonproliferation and Po-
litical Military Affairs in United States diplo-
matic missions overseas, to be filled by individ-
uals who are career Civil Service officers or For-
eign Service officers commit
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2656
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2656. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1167
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2732b
(B) develop and articulate long-term meas-
urable objectives for United States public di-
plomacy.
(c) Objectives
The strategy developed pursuant to subsection
(b) shall include public diplomacy efforts tar-
geting developed and developing countries and
select and general audiences, using appropriate
media to properly explain the foreign policy of
the United States to the governments and popu-
lations of such countries, with the objectives of
increasing support for United States policies
and providing news and information. The Sec-
retary shall, through the most effective mecha-
nisms, counter misinformation and propaganda
concerning the United States. The Secretary
shall continue to articulate the importance of
freedom, democracy, and human rights as funda-
mental principles underlying United States for-
eign policy goals.
(d) Identification of United States foreign assist-
ance
In cooperation with the United States Agency
for International Development (USAID) and
other public and private assistance organiza-
tions and agencies, the Secretary should ensure
that information relating to foreign assistance
provided by the United States, nongovernmental
organizations, and private entities of the United
States is disseminated widely, and particularly,
to the extent practicable, within countries and
regions that receive such assistance. The Sec-
retary should ensure that, to the extent prac-
ticable, projects funded by USAID not involving
commodities, including projects implemented by
private voluntary organizations, are identified
as provided by the people of the United States.
(Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 841, title I, § 60, as added Pub.
L. 108–458, title VII, § 7109(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118
Stat
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2732b
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.