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51 U.S.C. § 10101 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this title:
(1) **Administration.—** — The term “Administration” means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(2) **Administrator.—** — The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 10101
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_3965e496ec14007c329a74b8
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-51/section-10101-definitions--c03b7f7c2b.md
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Source location: Title 51, Chapter 101, § 10101; chapter-101-definitions.md
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In this title:
(1) **Administration.—** — The term “Administration” means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(2) **Administrator.—** — The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Cross-references
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter—
(1) “citizen of the United States” means—
(A) an individual who is a citizen of the United States;
(B) an entity organized or existing under the laws of the United States or a State; or
(C) an entity organized or existing under the laws of a foreign country if the controlling interest (as defined by the Secretary of Transportation) is held by an individual or entity described in subclause (A) or (B) of this clause.
(2) “crew” means any employee of a licensee or transferee, or of a contractor or subcontractor of a licensee or transferee, who performs activities in the course of that employment directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of or in a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle that carries human beings.
(3) “executive agency” has the same meaning given that term in [section 105 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section105&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) “government astronaut” means an individual who—
(A) is designated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under section 20113(n);
(B) is carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle in the course of his or her employment, which may include performance of activities directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of the launch vehicle or reentry vehicle; and
(C) is either—
(i) an employee of the United States Government, including the uniformed services, engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; or
(ii) an international partner astronaut.
(5) “international partner astronaut” means an individual designated under Article 11 of the International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement, by a partner to that agreement other than the
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 50902
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** In this section:
(1) **Development.—** — The term “development” means the phase of a program following the formulation phase and beginning with the approval to proceed to implementation, as defined in the Administration’s Procedural Requirements 7120.5E, dated August 14, 2012.
(2) **Development cost.—** — The term “development cost” means the total of all costs, including construction of facilities and civil servant costs, from the period beginning with the approval to proceed to implementation through the achievement of operational readiness, without regard to funding source or management control, for the life of the program.
(3) **Life-cycle cost.—** — The term “life-cycle cost” means the total of the direct, indirect, recurring, and nonrecurring costs, including the construction of facilities and civil servant costs, and other related expenses incurred or estimated to be incurred in the design, development, verification, production, operation, maintenance, support, and retirement of a program over its planned lifespan, without regard to funding source or management control.
(4) **Major program.—** — The term “major program” means an activity approved to proceed to implementation that has an estimated life-cycle cost of more than $250,000,000.
**(b) Conditions for Development.—**
(1) **In general.—** — The Administration shall not enter into a contract for the development of a major program unless the Administrator determines that—
(A) the technical, cost, and schedule risks of the program are clearly identified and the program has developed a plan to manage those risks;
(B) the technologies required for the program have been demonstrated in a relevant laboratory or test environment; and
(C) the program complies with all relevant p
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 30104
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General Requirements.—**
(1) To the extent provided in advance in an appropriation law or to the extent additional legislative authority is enacted providing for paying claims in a compensation plan submitted under subsection (d) of this section, the Secretary of Transportation shall provide for the payment by the United States Government of a successful claim (including reasonable litigation or settlement expenses) of a third party against a person described in paragraph (3)(A) resulting from an activity carried out under the license issued or transferred under this chapter for death, bodily injury, or property damage or loss resulting from an activity carried out under the license. However, claims may be paid under this section only to the extent the total amount of successful claims related to one launch or reentry—
(A) is more than the amount of insurance or demonstration of financial responsibility required under [section 50914(a)(1)(A) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section50914/a/1/A&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(B) is not more than $1,500,000,000 (plus additional amounts necessary to reflect inflation occurring after January 1, 1989) above that insurance or financial responsibility amount.
(2) The Secretary may not provide for paying a part of a claim for which death, bodily injury, or property damage or loss results from willful misconduct by the licensee or transferee. To the extent insurance required under [section 50914(a)(1)(A) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section50914/a/1/A&num=0&edition=prelim) is not available to cover a successful third party liability claim because of an insurance policy exclusion the Secretary decides is usual for th
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 50915
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Any authority granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat.
**(b)** The authorities granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator may provide for—
(1) the medical monitoring and diagnosis of a former United States government astronaut or a former payload specialist for conditions that the Administrator considers potentially associated with human space flight; and
(2) the treatment of a former United States government astronaut or a former payload specialist for conditions that the Administrator considers associated with human space flight, including scientific and medical tests for psychological and medical conditions.
**(b) Requirements.—**
(1) **No cost sharing.—** — The medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment described in subsection (a) shall be provided without any deductible, copayment, or other cost sharing obligation.
(2) **Access to local services.—** — The medical monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment described in subsection (a) may be provided by a local health care provider if it is unadvisable due to the health of the applicable former United States government astronaut or former payload specialist for that former United States government astronaut or former payload specialist to travel to the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, as determined by the Administrator.
(3) **Secondary payment.—** — Payment or reimbursement for the medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment described in subsection (a) shall be secondary to any obligation of the United States Government or any third party under any other provision of law or contractual agreement to pay for or provide such medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment. Any costs for items and services that may be provided by the Administrator for medical monitoring, diagnosis, or treatment under subsection (a) that are not paid for or provided under such oth
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 20149
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The President or the President’s designee, in consultation with appropriate Federal agencies, shall develop a national policy to guide the space technology development programs of the United States through 2020. The policy shall include national goals for technology development and shall describe the role and responsibilities of each Federal agency that will carry out the policy. In developing the policy, the President or the President’s designee shall utilize external studies that have been conducted on the state of United States technology development and have suggested policies to ensure continued competitiveness.
**(b) Content**
(1) At a minimum, the national space technology development policy shall describe for NASA—
(A) the priority areas of research for technology investment;
(B) the basis on which and the process by which priorities for ensuing fiscal years will be selected;
(C) the facilities and personnel needed to carry out the technology development program; and
(D) the budget assumptions on which the policy is based, which for fiscal years 2011, 2012, and 2013 shall be the authorized level for NASA’s technology program authorized by this chapter.
(2) The policy shall be based on the premise that the Federal Government has an established interest in conducting research and development programs that help preserve the role of the United States as a global leader in space technologies and their application.
(3) **Considerations.—** — In developing the national space technology development policy, the President or the President’s designee shall consider, and include a discussion in the report required by subsection (c), of the following issues:
(A) The extent to which NASA should focus on long term, high-risk research or mo
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 18421
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Congress reaffirms the policy set forth in [section 20102(g) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section20102/g&num=0&edition=prelim) (relating to surveying near-Earth asteroids and comets).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 71101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Participation in Interagency Activities.—** The Administration shall be a full participant in any interagency effort to promote innovation and economic competitiveness through near-term and long-term basic scientific research and development and the promotion of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education, consistent with the Administration’s mission, including authorized activities.
**(b) Historic Foundation.—** In order to carry out the participation described in subsection (a), the Administrator shall build on the historic role of the Administration in stimulating excellence in the advancement of physical science and engineering disciplines and in providing opportunities and incentives for the pursuit of academic studies in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
**(c) Balanced Science Program and Robust Authorization Levels.—** The balanced science program authorized by section 101(d) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 ([42 U.S.C. 16611(d)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16611/d&num=0&edition=prelim)) 11 See References in Text note below. shall be an element of the contribution by the Administration to the interagency programs.
**(d) Annual Report.—**
(1) **Requirement.—** — The Administrator shall submit to Congress and the President an annual report describing the activities conducted pursuant to this section, including a description of the goals and the objective metrics upon which funding decisions were made.
(2) **Content.—** — Each report submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include, with regard to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education programs, at a minimum, the following:
(A) A description of each progra
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 20303
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Use of non-United States human space flight transportation services**
(1) **In general** — The Federal Government may not acquire human space flight transportation services from a foreign entity unless—
(A) no United States Government-operated human space flight capability is available;
(B) no United States commercial provider is available; and
(C) it is a qualified foreign entity.
(2) **Definitions** — In this subsection:
(A) *Commercial provider* — The term “commercial provider” means any person providing human space flight transportation services, primary control of which is held by persons other than the Federal Government, a State or local government, or a foreign government.
(B) *Qualified foreign entity* — The term “qualified foreign entity” means a foreign entity that is in compliance with all applicable safety standards and is not prohibited from providing space transportation services under other law.
(C) *United States commercial provider* — The term “United States commercial provider” means a commercial provider, organized under the laws of the United States or of a State, that is more than 50 percent owned by United States nationals.
(3) **Arrangements with foreign entities** — Nothing in this subsection shall prevent the Administrator from negotiating or entering into human space flight transportation arrangements with foreign entities to ensure safety of flight and continued ISS operations.
**(b) United States human space flight capabilities** Congress reaffirms the policy stated in [section 70501(a) of title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section70501/a&num=0&edition=prelim), that the United States shall maintain an uninterrupted capability for human space flight and operations in low-
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 18313
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Institution of higher education** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” means an educational institution in any State that—
(1) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, or persons who meet the requirements of [section 1091(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1091/d&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education;
(3) provides an educational program for which the institution awards a bachelor’s degree or provides not less than a 2-year program that is acceptable for full credit toward such a degree, or awards a degree that is acceptable for admission to a graduate or professional degree program, subject to review and approval by the Secretary;
(4) is a public or other nonprofit institution; and
(5) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association, or if not so accredited, is an institution that has been granted preaccreditation status by such an agency or association that has been recognized by the Secretary for the granting of preaccreditation status, and the Secretary has determined that there is satisfactory assurance that the institution will meet the accreditation standards of such an agency or association within a reasonable time.
**(b) Additional institutions included** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” also includes—
(1) any school that provides not less than a 1-year program of training to prepare students for gainful employment in a re
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1001
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