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42 U.S.C. § 18313 — United States human space flight policy
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Use of non-United States human space flight transportation services**
(1) **In general** — The Federal Government may not acquire human space flight transportation services from a foreign entity unless—
(A) no United States Government-operated human space flight capability is available;
(B) no United States commercial provider is available; and
(C) it is a qualified foreign entity.
(2) **Definitions** — In this subsection:
(A) *Commercial provider* — The term “commercial provider” means any person providing human space flight transportation services, primary control of which is held by persons other than the Federal Government, a State or local government, or a foreign government.
(B) *Qualified foreign entity* — The term “qualified foreign entity” means a foreign entity that is in compliance with all applicable safety standards and is not prohibited from providing space transportation services under other law.
(C) *United States commercial provider* — The term “United States commercial provider” means a commercial provider, organized under the laws of the United States or of a State, that is more than 50 percent owned by United States nationals.
(3) **Arrangements with foreign entities** — Nothing in this subsection shall prevent the Administrator from negotiating or entering into human space flight transportation arrangements with foreign entities to ensure safety of flight and continued ISS operations.
**(b) United States human space flight capabilities** Congress reaffirms the policy stated in [section 70501(a) of title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section70501/a&num=0&edition=prelim), that the United States shall maintain an uninterrupted capability for human space flight and operations in low-
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-18313-united-states-human-space-flight-policy--f7f7472658.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 159, § 18313; chapter-159-space-exploration-technology-and-science.md
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**(a) Use of non-United States human space flight transportation services**
(1) **In general** — The Federal Government may not acquire human space flight transportation services from a foreign entity unless—
(A) no United States Government-operated human space flight capability is available;
(B) no United States commercial provider is available; and
(C) it is a qualified foreign entity.
(2) **Definitions** — In this subsection:
(A) *Commercial provider* — The term “commercial provider” means any person providing human space flight transportation services, primary control of which is held by persons other than the Federal Government, a State or local government, or a foreign government.
(B) *Qualified foreign entity* — The term “qualified foreign entity” means a foreign entity that is in compliance with all applicable safety standards and is not prohibited from providing space transportation services under other law.
(C) *United States commercial provider* — The term “United States commercial provider” means a commercial provider, organized under the laws of the United States or of a State, that is more than 50 percent owned by United States nationals.
(3) **Arrangements with foreign entities** — Nothing in this subsection shall prevent the Administrator from negotiating or entering into human space flight transportation arrangements with foreign entities to ensure safety of flight and continued ISS operations.
**(b) United States human space flight capabilities** Congress reaffirms the policy stated in [section 70501(a) of title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section70501/a&num=0&edition=prelim), that the United States shall maintain an uninterrupted capability for human space flight and operations in low-Earth orbit, and beyond, as an essential instrument of national security and of the capacity to ensure continued United States participation and leadership in the exploration and utilization of space.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this title:
(1) **Administration.—** — The term “Administration” means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(2) **Administrator.—** — The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 10101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 9148
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 18312
1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘century.’’
1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
In subsec. (b), ‘‘section 70501(a) of title 51’’ sub-
stituted for ‘‘section 501(a) of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2005 (42
U.S.C. 16761(a))’’ on authority of Pub. L. 111–314, § 5(e),
Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3443, which Act enacted Title 51,
National and Commercial Space Programs.
AMENDMENTS
2017—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–10 amended subsec. (a)
generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:
‘‘It is the policy of the United States that reliance
upon and use of non-United States human space flight
capabilities shall be undertaken only as a contingency
in circumstances where no United States-owned and op-
erated human space flight capability is available, oper-
ational, and certified for flight by appropriate Federal
agencies.’’
§ 18312. Goals and objectives
(a) Long-term goals
The long-term goals of the human space flight
and exploration efforts of NASA shall be—
(1) to expand permanent human presence be-
yond low-Earth orbit and to do so, where prac-
tical, in a manner involving international,
academic, and industry partners;
(2) crewed missions and progress toward
achieving the goal in paragraph (1) to enable
the potential for subsequent human explo-
ration and the extension of human presence
throughout the solar system; and
(3) to enable a capability to extend human
presence, including potential human habi-
tation on another celestial body and a thriving
space economy in the 21st Century.1
(b) Key objectives
The key objectives of the United States for
human expansion into space shall be—
(1) to sustai
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