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51 U.S.C. § 50902 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter—
(1) “citizen of the United States” means—
(A) an individual who is a citizen of the United States;
(B) an entity organized or existing under the laws of the United States or a State; or
(C) an entity organized or existing under the laws of a foreign country if the controlling interest (as defined by the Secretary of Transportation) is held by an individual or entity described in subclause (A) or (B) of this clause.
(2) “crew” means any employee of a licensee or transferee, or of a contractor or subcontractor of a licensee or transferee, who performs activities in the course of that employment directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of or in a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle that carries human beings.
(3) “executive agency” has the same meaning given that term in [section 105 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section105&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) “government astronaut” means an individual who—
(A) is designated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under section 20113(n);
(B) is carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle in the course of his or her employment, which may include performance of activities directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of the launch vehicle or reentry vehicle; and
(C) is either—
(i) an employee of the United States Government, including the uniformed services, engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; or
(ii) an international partner astronaut.
(5) “international partner astronaut” means an individual designated under Article 11 of the International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement, by a partner to that agreement other than the
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_12209341ab24098bdd8b9bcf
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-51/section-50902-definitions--588c28257e.md
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Source location: Title 51, Chapter 509, § 50902; chapter-509-commercial-space-launch-activities.md
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In this chapter—
(1) “citizen of the United States” means—
(A) an individual who is a citizen of the United States;
(B) an entity organized or existing under the laws of the United States or a State; or
(C) an entity organized or existing under the laws of a foreign country if the controlling interest (as defined by the Secretary of Transportation) is held by an individual or entity described in subclause (A) or (B) of this clause.
(2) “crew” means any employee of a licensee or transferee, or of a contractor or subcontractor of a licensee or transferee, who performs activities in the course of that employment directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of or in a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle that carries human beings.
(3) “executive agency” has the same meaning given that term in [section 105 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section105&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) “government astronaut” means an individual who—
(A) is designated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under section 20113(n);
(B) is carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle in the course of his or her employment, which may include performance of activities directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of the launch vehicle or reentry vehicle; and
(C) is either—
(i) an employee of the United States Government, including the uniformed services, engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; or
(ii) an international partner astronaut.
(5) “international partner astronaut” means an individual designated under Article 11 of the International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement, by a partner to that agreement other than the United States, as qualified to serve as an International Space Station crew member.
(6) “International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement” means the Agreement Concerning Cooperation on the International Space Station, signed at Washington January 29, 1998 (TIAS 12927).
(7) “launch” means to place or try to place a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle and any payload or human being from Earth—
(A) in a suborbital trajectory;
(B) in Earth orbit in outer space; or
(C) otherwise in outer space,
including activities involved in the preparation of a launch vehicle or payload for launch, when those activities take place at a launch site in the United States.
(8) “launch property” means an item built for, or used in, the launch preparation or launch of a launch vehicle.
(9) “launch services” means—
(A) activities involved in the preparation of a launch vehicle, payload, crew (including crew training), government astronaut, or space flight participant for launch; and
(B) the conduct of a launch.
(10) “launch site” means the location on Earth from which a launch takes place (as defined in a license the Secretary issues or transfers under this chapter) and necessary facilities at that location.
(11) “launch vehicle” means—
(A) a vehicle built to operate in, or place a payload or human beings in, outer space; and
(B) a suborbital rocket.
(12) “obtrusive space advertising” means advertising in outer space that is capable of being recognized by a human being on the surface of the Earth without the aid of a telescope or other technological device.
(13) “payload” means an object that a person undertakes to place in outer space by means of a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle, including components of the vehicle specifically designed or adapted for that object.
(14) except in section 50904(c), “permit” means an experimental permit issued under section 50906.
(15) “person” means an individual and an entity organized or existing under the laws of a State or country.
(16) “reenter” and “reentry” mean to return or attempt to return, purposefully, a reentry vehicle and its payload or human beings, if any, from Earth orbit or from outer space to Earth.
(17) “reentry services” means—
(A) activities involved in the preparation of a reentry vehicle and payload, crew (including crew training), government astronaut, or space flight participant, if any, for reentry; and
(B) the conduct of a reentry.
(18) “reentry site” means the location on Earth to which a reentry vehicle is intended to return (as defined in a license the Secretary issues or transfers under this chapter).
(19) “reentry vehicle” means a vehicle designed to return from Earth orbit or outer space to Earth, or a reusable launch vehicle designed to return from Earth orbit or outer space to Earth, substantially intact.
(20) “space flight participant” means an individual, who is not crew or a government astronaut, carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle.
(21) “space support vehicle flight” means a flight in the air that—
(A) is not a launch or reentry; but
(B) is conducted by a space support vehicle.
(22) “space support vehicle” means a vehicle that is—
(A) a launch vehicle;
(B) a reentry vehicle; or
(C) a component of a launch or reentry vehicle.
(23) “State” means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and a territory or possession of the United States.
(24) unless and until regulations take effect under section 50922(c)(2), “suborbital rocket” means a vehicle, rocket-propelled in whole or in part, intended for flight on a suborbital trajectory, and the thrust of which is greater than its lift for the majority of the rocket-powered portion of its ascent.
(25) “suborbital trajectory” means the intentional flight path of a launch vehicle, reentry vehicle, or any portion thereof, whose vacuum instantaneous impact point does not leave the surface of the Earth.
(26) “third party” means a person except—
(A) the United States Government or the Government’s contractors or subcontractors involved in launch services or reentry services;
(B) a licensee or transferee under this chapter;
(C) a licensee’s or transferee’s contractors, subcontractors, or customers involved in launch services or reentry services;
(D) the customer’s contractors or subcontractors involved in launch services or reentry services; or
(E) crew, government astronauts, or space flight participants.
(27) “United States” means the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the territories and possessions of the United States.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** The Assistant Secretary for Multimodal Freight (referred to in this section as the “Assistant Secretary”) shall—
(1) develop a national freight strategic plan in accordance with this section; and
(2) publish the plan on the public Internet Web site of the Department of Transportation.
**(b) Contents.—** The national freight strategic plan shall include—
(1) an assessment of the condition and performance of the National Multimodal Freight Network established under section 70103;
(2) forecasts of freight volumes for the succeeding 5-, 10-, and 20-year periods;
(3) an identification of major trade gateways and national freight corridors that connect major population centers, trade gateways, and other major freight generators;
(4) an identification of bottlenecks on the National Multimodal Freight Network that create significant freight congestion, based on a quantitative methodology developed by the Assistant Secretary, which shall include, at a minimum—
(A) information from the Freight Analysis Framework of the Federal Highway Administration; and
(B) to the maximum extent practicable, an estimate of the cost of addressing each bottleneck and any operational improvements that could be implemented;
(5) an assessment of statutory, regulatory, technological, institutional, financial, and other barriers to improved freight transportation performance, and a description of opportunities for overcoming the barriers;
(6) a process for addressing multistate projects and encouraging jurisdictions to collaborate;
(7) strategies to improve freight intermodal connectivity;
(8) an identification of corridors providing access to energy exploration, development, installation, or production areas;
(9) an identification of corridors providing access to
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 70102
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Policy.—** It is in the national interest—
(1) to encourage and promote the safe and efficient management, operation, and development of resilient surface transportation systems that will serve the mobility needs of people and freight and foster economic growth and development within and between States and urbanized areas and better connect housing and employment, while minimizing transportation-related fuel consumption and air pollution through metropolitan and statewide transportation planning processes identified in this chapter; and
(2) to encourage the continued improvement and evolution of the metropolitan and statewide transportation planning processes by metropolitan planning organizations, State departments of transportation, and public transit operators as guided by the planning factors identified in subsection (h) and section 5304(d).
**(b) Definitions.—** In this section and section 5304, the following definitions apply:
(1) **Metropolitan planning area.—** — The term “metropolitan planning area” means the geographic area determined by agreement between the metropolitan planning organization for the area and the Governor under subsection (e).
(2) **Metropolitan planning organization.—** — The term “metropolitan planning organization” means the policy board of an organization established as a result of the designation process under subsection (d).
(3) **Nonmetropolitan area.—** — The term “nonmetropolitan area” means a geographic area outside designated metropolitan planning areas.
(4) **Nonmetropolitan local official.—** — The term “nonmetropolitan local official” means elected and appointed officials of general purpose local government in a nonmetropolitan area with responsibility for transportation.
(5) **Regional transportation planning orga
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 5303
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** The Space Launch System may be used for the following circumstances:
(1) Payloads and missions that contribute to extending human presence beyond low-Earth orbit and substantially benefit from the unique capabilities of the Space Launch System.
(2) Other payloads and missions that substantially benefit from the unique capabilities of the Space Launch System.
(3) On a space available basis, Federal Government or educational payloads that are consistent with NASA’s mission for exploration beyond low-Earth orbit.
(4) Compelling circumstances, as determined by the Administrator.
**(b) Agreements With Foreign Entities.—** The Administrator may plan, negotiate, or implement agreements with foreign entities for the launch of payloads for international collaborative efforts relating to science and technology using the Space Launch System.
**(c) Compelling Circumstances.—** Not later than 30 days after the date the Administrator makes a determination under subsection (a)(4), the Administrator shall transmit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives written notification of the Administrator’s intent to select the Space Launch System for a specific mission under that subsection, including justification for the determination.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 70102
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purpose of this title, “Executive agency” means an Executive department, a Government corporation, and an independent establishment.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 105
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** For purposes of this part, the term “exempt facility bond” means any bond issued as part of an issue 95 percent or more of the net proceeds of which are to be used to provide—
(1) airports and spaceports,
(2) docks and wharves,
(3) mass commuting facilities,
(4) facilities for the furnishing of water,
(5) sewage facilities,
(6) solid waste disposal facilities,
(7) qualified residential rental projects,
(8) facilities for the local furnishing of electric energy or gas,
(9) local district heating or cooling facilities,
(10) qualified hazardous waste facilities,
(11) high-speed intercity rail facilities,
(12) environmental enhancements of hydroelectric generating facilities,
(13) qualified public educational facilities,
(14) qualified green building and sustainable design projects,
(15) qualified highway or surface freight transfer facilities,
(16) qualified broadband projects, or
(17) qualified carbon dioxide capture facilities.
**(b) Special exempt facility bond rules** For purposes of subsection (a)—
(1) **Certain facilities must be governmentally owned**
(A) *In general* — A facility shall be treated as described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (12) of subsection (a) only if all of the property to be financed by the net proceeds of the issue is to be owned by a governmental unit.
(B) *Safe harbor for leases and management contracts* — For purposes of subparagraph (A), property leased by a governmental unit shall be treated as owned by such governmental unit if—
(i) the lessee makes an irrevocable election (binding on the lessee and all successors in interest under the lease) not to claim depreciation or an investment credit with respect to such property,
(ii) the lease term (as defined in section 168(i)(3)) is not
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 142
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** In accordance with [section 553 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section553&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary shall issue, and may from time to time amend or repeal, regulations necessary to implement subchapters I through III and this subchapter.
**(b) Consultation.—** In the exercise of the regulatory authority under subchapters I through III and this subchapter, the Secretary shall consult with, and receive and consider the views of all interested persons, including—
(1) interested Federal departments and agencies;
(2) officials of State and local governments;
(3) representatives of the maritime community;
(4) representatives of port and harbor authorities or associations;
(5) representatives of environmental groups;
(6) any other interested persons who are knowledgeable or experienced in dealing with problems involving vessel safety, port and waterways safety, and protection of the marine environment; and
(7) advisory committees consisting of all interested segments of the public when the establishment of such committees is considered necessary because the issues involved are highly complex or controversial.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 46 U.S.C. § 70034
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** The operator of an aircraft with a special airworthiness certification in the experimental category may—
(1) operate the aircraft for the purpose of conducting a space support vehicle flight (as that term is defined in [section 50902 of title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section50902&num=0&edition=prelim)); and
(2) conduct such flight under such certificate carrying persons or property for compensation or hire—
(A) notwithstanding any rule or term of a certificate issued by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration that would prohibit flight for compensation or hire; or
(B) without obtaining a certificate issued by the Administrator to conduct air carrier or commercial operations.
**(b) Limited Applicability.—** Subsection (a) shall apply only to a space support vehicle flight that satisfies each of the following:
(1) The aircraft conducting the space support vehicle flight—
(A) takes flight and lands at a single site that is operated by an entity licensed for operation under chapter 509 of title 51;
(B) is owned or operated by a launch or reentry vehicle operator licensed under chapter 509 of title 51, or on behalf of a launch or reentry vehicle operator licensed under chapter 509 of title 51;
(C) is a launch vehicle, a reentry vehicle, or a component of a launch or reentry vehicle licensed for operations pursuant to chapter 509 of title 51; and
(D) is used only to simulate space flight conditions in support of—
(i) training for potential space flight participants, government astronauts, or crew (as those terms are defined in chapter 509 of title 51);
(ii) the testing of hardware to be used in space flight; or
(iii) research and development tasks, which
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 44740
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this title:
(1) **Administration.—** — The term “Administration” means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(2) **Administrator.—** — The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 10101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Rules and Regulations.—** In the performance of its functions, the Administration is authorized to make, promulgate, issue, rescind, and amend rules and regulations governing the manner of its operations and the exercise of the powers vested in it by law.
**(b) Officers and Employees.—** In the performance of its functions, the Administration is authorized to appoint and fix the compensation of officers and employees as may be necessary to carry out such functions. The officers and employees shall be appointed in accordance with the civil service laws and their compensation fixed in accordance with chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, except that—
(1) to the extent the Administrator deems such action necessary to the discharge of the Administrator’s responsibilities, the Administrator may appoint not more than 425 of the scientific, engineering, and administrative personnel of the Administration without regard to such laws, and may fix the compensation of such personnel not in excess of the rate of basic pay payable for level III of the Executive Schedule; and
(2) to the extent the Administrator deems such action necessary to recruit specially qualified scientific and engineering talent, the Administrator may establish the entrance grade for scientific and engineering personnel without previous service in the Federal Government at a level up to 2 grades higher than the grade provided for such personnel under the General Schedule, and fix their compensation accordingly.
**(c) Property.—** In the performance of its functions, the Administration is authorized—
(1) to acquire (by purchase, lease, condemnation, or otherwise), construct, improve, repair, operate, and maintain laboratories, research and testing sites and facilities, aeronautical a
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 20113
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Matters Affecting National Security.—** The Secretary of Transportation shall consult with the Secretary of Defense on a matter under this chapter affecting national security. The Secretary of Defense shall identify and notify the Secretary of Transportation of a national security interest relevant to an activity under this chapter.
**(b) Matters Affecting Foreign Policy.—** The Secretary of Transportation shall consult with the Secretary of State on a matter under this chapter affecting foreign policy. The Secretary of State shall identify and notify the Secretary of Transportation of a foreign policy interest or obligation relevant to an activity under this chapter.
**(c) Other Matters.—** In carrying out this chapter, the Secretary of Transportation shall consult with the head of another executive agency—
(1) to provide consistent application of licensing requirements under this chapter;
(2) to ensure fair treatment for all license applicants; and
(3) when appropriate.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 50918
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