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51 U.S.C. § 70102 — Space launch system use policy
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** The Space Launch System may be used for the following circumstances:
(1) Payloads and missions that contribute to extending human presence beyond low-Earth orbit and substantially benefit from the unique capabilities of the Space Launch System.
(2) Other payloads and missions that substantially benefit from the unique capabilities of the Space Launch System.
(3) On a space available basis, Federal Government or educational payloads that are consistent with NASA’s mission for exploration beyond low-Earth orbit.
(4) Compelling circumstances, as determined by the Administrator.
**(b) Agreements With Foreign Entities.—** The Administrator may plan, negotiate, or implement agreements with foreign entities for the launch of payloads for international collaborative efforts relating to science and technology using the Space Launch System.
**(c) Compelling Circumstances.—** Not later than 30 days after the date the Administrator makes a determination under subsection (a)(4), the Administrator shall transmit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives written notification of the Administrator’s intent to select the Space Launch System for a specific mission under that subsection, including justification for the determination.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_7cbfc446578ce2290403ad24
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-51/section-70102-space-launch-system-use-policy--c1ae6ffd87.md
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Source location: Title 51, Chapter 701, § 70102; chapter-701-use-of-space-launch-system-or-alternatives.md
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**(a) In General.—** The Space Launch System may be used for the following circumstances:
(1) Payloads and missions that contribute to extending human presence beyond low-Earth orbit and substantially benefit from the unique capabilities of the Space Launch System.
(2) Other payloads and missions that substantially benefit from the unique capabilities of the Space Launch System.
(3) On a space available basis, Federal Government or educational payloads that are consistent with NASA’s mission for exploration beyond low-Earth orbit.
(4) Compelling circumstances, as determined by the Administrator.
**(b) Agreements With Foreign Entities.—** The Administrator may plan, negotiate, or implement agreements with foreign entities for the launch of payloads for international collaborative efforts relating to science and technology using the Space Launch System.
**(c) Compelling Circumstances.—** Not later than 30 days after the date the Administrator makes a determination under subsection (a)(4), the Administrator shall transmit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives written notification of the Administrator’s intent to select the Space Launch System for a specific mission under that subsection, including justification for the determination.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
It is critical that NASA maintain an Agency space technology base that helps align mission directorate investments and supports long term needs to complement mission-directorate funded research and support, where appropriate, multiple users, building upon its Innovative Partnerships Program and other partnering approaches.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 18405
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section, Pub. L. 109–155, title VI, § 602, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2931, which related to secondary payload capability, was transferred and is set out as a note under [section 70102 of Title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section70102&num=0&edition=prelim), National and Commercial Space Programs.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16791, 16792
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 101–611, title I, § 112, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3198, related to Space Shuttle use policy. Subsecs. (a), (c), and (d) were repealed and reenacted as subsecs. (a), (b), and (c), respectively, of [section 70102 of Title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section70102&num=0&edition=prelim), National and Commercial Space Programs. Subsec. (b), requiring Administrator to submit implementation plan in report to Congress within six months after Nov. 16, 1990, was repealed as obsolete.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2465a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter—
(1) “citizen of the United States” means—
(A) an individual who is a citizen of the United States;
(B) an entity organized or existing under the laws of the United States or a State; or
(C) an entity organized or existing under the laws of a foreign country if the controlling interest (as defined by the Secretary of Transportation) is held by an individual or entity described in subclause (A) or (B) of this clause.
(2) “crew” means any employee of a licensee or transferee, or of a contractor or subcontractor of a licensee or transferee, who performs activities in the course of that employment directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of or in a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle that carries human beings.
(3) “executive agency” has the same meaning given that term in [section 105 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section105&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) “government astronaut” means an individual who—
(A) is designated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under section 20113(n);
(B) is carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle in the course of his or her employment, which may include performance of activities directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of the launch vehicle or reentry vehicle; and
(C) is either—
(i) an employee of the United States Government, including the uniformed services, engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; or
(ii) an international partner astronaut.
(5) “international partner astronaut” means an individual designated under Article 11 of the International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement, by a partner to that agreement other than the
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 51 U.S.C. § 50902
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 169
TITLE 51—NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS
§ 70102
ices of the Senate, a report on the extent to
which the pilot program has demonstrated
data provided under contracts described in
paragraph (1) meet the standards and speci-
fications established under subsection (b) and
the extent to which the pilot program has
demonstrated—
(A) the viability of assimilating the com-
mercially provided data into National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration space
weather research and forecasting models;
(B) whether, and by how much, the data so
provided add value to space weather fore-
casts of the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration and the Department
of Defense; and
(C) the accuracy, quality, timeliness, va-
lidity, reliability, usability, information
technology security, and cost-effectiveness
of obtaining commercial space weather data
from commercial sector providers.
(Pub. L. 116–181, § 2(b), Oct. 21, 2020, 134 Stat. 891.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
The date of enactment of the PROSWIFT Act, re-
ferred to in subsecs. (a), (b), and (c)(2), is the date of en-
actment of Pub. L. 116–181, which was approved Oct. 21,
2020.
§ 60608. Space weather benchmarks
The interagency working group established
under section 60601(c) shall periodically review
and update the benchmarks described in the re-
port of the National Science and Technology
Council entitled ‘‘Space Weather Phase 1 Bench-
marks’’ and dated June 2018, as necessary, based
on—
(1) any significant new data or advances in
scientific understanding that become avail-
able; or
(2) the evolving needs of entities impacted
by space weather phenomena.
(Pub. L. 116–181, § 2(b), Oct. 21, 2020, 134 Stat. 892.)
Subtitle VII—Access to Space
CHAPTER 701—USE OF SPACE LAUNCH
SYS
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 51 U.S.C. § 70102
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