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22 U.S.C. § 5801 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this subchapter—
(1) the term “contractor” means a National Aeronautics and Space Administration contractor to the extent that the acquisition of space hardware, space technology, or space services from the independent states of the former Soviet Union may be relevant to the contractor’s responsibilities under the contract; and
(2) the term “designated congressional committees” means the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 5801
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_2ea049c9c35e6b9ca8efecef
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-5801-definitions--5076846dfa.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 67, § 5801; chapter-067-freedom-for-russia-and-emerging-eurasian-democracies-and-open-markets-support.md
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For purposes of this subchapter—
(1) the term “contractor” means a National Aeronautics and Space Administration contractor to the extent that the acquisition of space hardware, space technology, or space services from the independent states of the former Soviet Union may be relevant to the contractor’s responsibilities under the contract; and
(2) the term “designated congressional committees” means the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment**
(1) **In general** — There is established in the legislative branch of the Government an office to be known as the “Congressional Office for International Leadership” (the “Office”).
(2) **Board of Trustees** — The Office shall be subject to the supervision and direction of a Board of Trustees (the “Board”) which shall be composed of 11 members as follows:
(A) Two Members of the House of Representatives appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, one of whom shall be designated by the Majority Leader of the House of Representatives and one of whom shall be designated by the Minority Leader of the House of Representatives.
(B) Two Senators appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate, one of whom shall be designated by the Majority Leader of the Senate and one of whom shall be designated by the Minority Leader of the Senate.
(C) The Librarian of Congress.
(D) Four private individuals with interests in improving relations between the United States and eligible foreign states, designated by the Librarian of Congress.
(E) The chair of the Subcommittee on Legislative Branch of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the chair of the Subcommittee on Legislative Branch of the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
Each member appointed under this paragraph shall serve for a term of 3 years. Any vacancy shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment and the individual so appointed shall serve for the remainder of the term. Members of the Board shall serve without pay, but shall be entitled to reimbursement for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties.
**(b) Purpose and authority of the Office**
(1) **Purpose** — Th
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 1151
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Assistance through governments and nongovernmental organizations** Assistance under this part may be provided to governments or through nongovernmental organizations.
**(b) Technical and managerial assistance** Technical assistance under this part shall, to the maximum extent feasible, be provided on a long term, on-site basis and shall emphasize the provision of practical, management and other problem-solving advice, particularly advice on private enterprise provided by United States business volunteers.
**(c) Enterprise funds** Activities supported pursuant to this part may include the establishment of and the provision of support for one or more enterprise funds for the independent states of the former Soviet Union. If the President determines that an enterprise fund should be established and supported under this part, the provisions contained in section 201 of the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 [[22 U.S.C. 5421](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5421&num=0&edition=prelim)] (excluding the authorizations of appropriations provided in subsection (b) of that section) shall be deemed to apply with respect to such enterprise fund and to funds made available to such enterprise fund pursuant to this part.
**(d) Cooperative development and research projects** Assistance under this part may include support for cooperative development projects, including cooperative development research projects, among the United States, other countries, and independent states of the former Soviet Union.
**(e) Administration of justice programs** In order to strengthen the administration of justice in the independent states of the former Soviet Union under paragraph (2)(J) of [section 2295 of this title](https://uscode
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2295b
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Assistance through governments and nongovernmental organizations** Assistance under this part may be provided to governments or through nongovernmental organizations.
**(b) Use of economic support funds** Except as otherwise provided, any funds that have been allocated under part IV of subchapter II of this chapter for assistance for the independent states of the former Soviet Union may be used in accordance with the provisions of this part.
**(c) Terms and conditions** Assistance under this part shall be provided on such terms and conditions as the President may determine.
**(d) Available authorities** The authority in this part to provide assistance for the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia is in addition to the authority to provide such assistance under the FREEDOM Support Act ([22 U.S.C. 5801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) or any other Act, and the authorities applicable to the provision of assistance under part XI of this subchapter may be used to provide assistance under this part.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2296e
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated to the President to carry out this part $162,000,000 for fiscal year 2003.
**(b) Availability of funds** Funds made available under subsection (a) may be used notwithstanding any other provision of law (other than section 2304 or 2371 of this title) and shall remain available until expended.
**(c) Treatment of appropriations** Amounts made available by the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2002, under “Nonproliferation, Antiterrorism, Demining, and Related Programs” and “Assistance for the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union” accounts for the activities described in subsection (d) shall be considered to be made available pursuant to this part.
**(d) Covered activities** The activities referred to in subsection (c) are—
(1) assistance under the Nonproliferation and Disarmament Fund;
(2) assistance for science and technology centers in the independent states of the former Soviet Union;
(3) export control assistance; and
(4) export control and border assistance under part XI of subchapter I of this chapter or the FREEDOM Support Act ([22 U.S.C. 5801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2349bb–4
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Funding level** The Congress strongly urges the President to use at least $650,000,000 for fiscal year 1993 and at least $700,000,000 for fiscal year 1994 of the total amounts made available for assistance under chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [[22 U.S.C. 2346](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2346&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] (relating to the economic support fund), assistance under the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 [[22 U.S.C. 5401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], assistance under the Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992, and assistance under the Multilateral Assistance Initiative for the Philippines, for grants for developmentally sound capital projects. Such grants may be combined with financing offered by private financial entities or other entities.
**(b) Development assistance capital projects** Funds appropriated to carry out chapter 1 or chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [[22 U.S.C. 2151](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2151&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq., 2293 et seq.] (relating to development assistance and the Development Fund for Africa) may not be used for capital projects that do not meet the criteria contained in [section 2421b of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2421b&num=0&edition=prelim). This subsection does not apply with respect to capital projects for which funds have been obligated or expended before October 28, 1992.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2421d
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment; responsibilities** In order to carry out the purposes of this chapter, there is established in the United States Information Agency, or in such appropriate agency of the United States as the President shall determine, a Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Bureau”). The Bureau shall be responsible for managing, coordinating, and overseeing programs established pursuant to this chapter, including but not limited to—
(1) the J. William Fulbright Educational Exchange Program which, by promoting the exchange of scholars, researchers, students, trainees, teachers, instructors, and professors, between the United States and foreign countries, accomplishes the purposes of [section 2452(a)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2452/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) the Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program which finances (A) study at American universities and institutions of higher learning, including study in degree granting programs, and (B) participation in fellowships, internships, or other programs in American governmental and nongovernmental institutions for public managers and other individuals from developing countries;
(3) the International Visitors Program which provides grants for short-term visits to the United States for foreign nationals who are, or have the potential to be, leaders in their respective fields in their own countries;
(4) the American Cultural Centers and Libraries which make available at selected foreign locations, books, films, sound recordings, and other materials about the United States, its people and culture, and about other topics;
(5) the American Overseas Schools Program which provides financial assistance to
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2460
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Financing of exchanges with repayments on Lend-Lease debts** The President is authorized to negotiate and implement agreements with the independent states of the former Soviet Union under which repayments made by the independent states on Lend-Lease debts to the United States would be used to finance the exchange of persons between the United States and the independent states for educational, cultural, and artistic purposes. Exchanges authorized pursuant to this section shall be administered subject to the provisions of this chapter. Part of the funds repaid to the United States shall be in convertible currency for the purpose of paying the expenses associated with study and other exchange activities in the United States by citizens of the independent states.
**(b) Limitation on availability of funds** Funds made available for the purposes of this section shall be available only to the extent and in the amounts provided for in an appropriation Act.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2461
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Policy goals** The United States Government, in connection with its voice and vote in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association, the International Finance Corporation, the Inter-American Development Bank, the African Development Fund, the Asian Development Bank, the African Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the International Monetary Fund, shall advance the cause of human rights, including by seeking to channel assistance toward countries other than those whose governments engage in—
(1) a pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights, such as torture or cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment or punishment, prolonged detention without charges, or other flagrant denial to life, liberty, and the security of person; or
(2) provide refuge to individuals committing acts of international terrorism by hijacking aircraft.
**(b) Policy considerations for Executive Directors of institutions in implementation of duties** Further, the Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct each Executive Director of the above institutions to consider in carrying out his duties:
(1) specific actions by either the executive branch or the Congress as a whole on individual bilateral assistance programs because of human rights considerations;
(2) the extent to which the economic assistance provided by the above institutions directly benefit the needy people in the recipient country;
(3) whether the recipient country—
(A) is seeking to acquire unsafeguarded special nuclear material (as defined in [section 6305(8) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6305/8&num=0&edition=prelim)) or a nuclear explosive device (
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 276j
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The United States Governor of the Corporation may vote in favor of any increase in the capital stock of the Corporation that may be needed to accommodate the requirements of the independent states of the former Soviet Union (as defined in [section 5801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5801&num=0&edition=prelim)).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 286e–1j
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds and declares that—
(1) factual knowledge, independently verified, about the countries of Eastern Europe and the independent states of the former Soviet Union is of the utmost importance for the national security of the United States, for the furtherance of our national interests in the conduct of foreign relations, and for the prudent management of our domestic affairs;
(2) the development and maintenance of knowledge about the countries of Eastern Europe and the independent states of the former Soviet Union depends upon the national capability for advanced research by highly trained and experienced specialists, available for service in and out of Government;
(3) certain essential functions are necessary to ensure the existence of that knowledge and the capability to sustain it, including—
(A) graduate training;
(B) advanced research;
(C) public dissemination of research data, methods, and findings;
(D) contact and collaboration among Government and private specialists; and
(E) firsthand experience of the countries of Eastern Europe and the independent states of the former Soviet Union by American specialists, including on site conduct of advanced training and research to the extent practicable; and
(4) it is in the national interest for the United States Government to provide a stable source of financial support for the functions described in this section and to supplement the financial support for those functions which is currently being furnished by Federal, State, local, regional, and private agencies, organizations, and individuals, and thereby to stabilize the conduct of these functions on a national scale, consistently, and on a long range unclassified basis.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 4501
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