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22 U.S.C. § 276j — Human rights and United States assistance policies with international financial institutions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Policy goals** The United States Government, in connection with its voice and vote in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association, the International Finance Corporation, the Inter-American Development Bank, the African Development Fund, the Asian Development Bank, the African Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the International Monetary Fund, shall advance the cause of human rights, including by seeking to channel assistance toward countries other than those whose governments engage in—
(1) a pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights, such as torture or cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment or punishment, prolonged detention without charges, or other flagrant denial to life, liberty, and the security of person; or
(2) provide refuge to individuals committing acts of international terrorism by hijacking aircraft.
**(b) Policy considerations for Executive Directors of institutions in implementation of duties** Further, the Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct each Executive Director of the above institutions to consider in carrying out his duties:
(1) specific actions by either the executive branch or the Congress as a whole on individual bilateral assistance programs because of human rights considerations;
(2) the extent to which the economic assistance provided by the above institutions directly benefit the needy people in the recipient country;
(3) whether the recipient country—
(A) is seeking to acquire unsafeguarded special nuclear material (as defined in [section 6305(8) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6305/8&num=0&edition=prelim)) or a nuclear explosive device (
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-276j-human-rights-and-united-states-assistance-policies-with-international-fi--c393ec7a6b.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 7, § 276j; chapter-007-international-bureaus-congresses-etc.md
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**(a) Policy goals** The United States Government, in connection with its voice and vote in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association, the International Finance Corporation, the Inter-American Development Bank, the African Development Fund, the Asian Development Bank, the African Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the International Monetary Fund, shall advance the cause of human rights, including by seeking to channel assistance toward countries other than those whose governments engage in—
(1) a pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights, such as torture or cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment or punishment, prolonged detention without charges, or other flagrant denial to life, liberty, and the security of person; or
(2) provide refuge to individuals committing acts of international terrorism by hijacking aircraft.
**(b) Policy considerations for Executive Directors of institutions in implementation of duties** Further, the Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct each Executive Director of the above institutions to consider in carrying out his duties:
(1) specific actions by either the executive branch or the Congress as a whole on individual bilateral assistance programs because of human rights considerations;
(2) the extent to which the economic assistance provided by the above institutions directly benefit the needy people in the recipient country;
(3) whether the recipient country—
(A) is seeking to acquire unsafeguarded special nuclear material (as defined in [section 6305(8) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6305/8&num=0&edition=prelim)) or a nuclear explosive device (as defined in [section 6305(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6305/4&num=0&edition=prelim));
(B) is not a State Party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; or
(C) has detonated a nuclear explosive device; and
(4) in relation to assistance for the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the People’s Democratic Republic of Laos, Russia and the other independent states of the former Soviet Union (as defined in [section 5801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5801&num=0&edition=prelim)), and Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia), the responsiveness of the governments of such countries in providing a more substantial accounting of Americans missing in action.
**(c) Requirements of United States assistance through institutions for projects in recipient countries** The United States Government, in connection with its voice and vote in the institutions listed in subsection (a), shall seek to channel assistance to projects which address basic human needs of the people of the recipient country.
**(d) Criteria for determination of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights standards** In determining whether a country is in gross violation of internationally recognized human rights standards, as defined by the provisions of subsection (a), the United States Government shall give consideration to the extent of cooperation of such country in permitting an unimpeded investigation of alleged violations of internationally recognized human rights by appropriate international organizations including, but not limited to, the International Committee of the Red Cross, Amnesty International, the International Commission of Jurists, and groups or persons acting under the authority of the United Nations or the Organization of American States.
**(e) Opposition by United States Executive Directors of institutions to financial or technical assistance to violating countries** The United States Executive Directors of the institutions listed in subsection (a) are authorized and instructed to oppose any loan, any extension of financial assistance, or any technical assistance to any country described in subsection (a)(1) or (2), unless such assistance is directed specifically to programs which serve the basic human needs of the citizens of such country.
**(f) Consultative requirement** The Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate shall consult frequently and in a timely manner with the chairmen and ranking minority members of the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of the House of Representatives and of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate to inform them regarding any prospective changes in policy direction toward countries which have or recently have had poor human rights records.
**(g) Violations of religious freedom** In determining whether the government of a country engages in a pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights, as described in subsection (a), the President shall give particular consideration to whether a foreign government—
(1) has engaged in or tolerated particularly severe violations of religious freedom, as defined in [section 6402 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6402&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(2) has failed to undertake serious and sustained efforts to combat particularly severe violations of religious freedom when such efforts could have been reasonably undertaken.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this subchapter—
(1) the term “contractor” means a National Aeronautics and Space Administration contractor to the extent that the acquisition of space hardware, space technology, or space services from the independent states of the former Soviet Union may be relevant to the contractor’s responsibilities under the contract; and
(2) the term “designated congressional committees” means the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 5801
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorization of United States subscription to stock** The President is authorized to agree to subscribe on behalf of the United States to twenty-nine thousand eight hundred and twenty shares of the capital stock of the Bank: Provided, however, That the subscription shall be effective only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriations Acts.
**(b) Authorization of appropriations** There is authorized to be appropriated, without fiscal year limitation, for payment by the Secretary of the Treasury of the initial United States subscription to twenty-nine thousand eight hundred and twenty shares of the capital stock of the Bank, $359,733,570: Provided, however, That not more than $17,986,679 of such sum may be made available for paid in subscriptions to the Bank for each of the fiscal years 1982, 1983, and 1984.
**(c) Distributions by Bank** Any payment or distributions of moneys from the Bank to the United States shall be covered into the Treasury as a miscellaneous receipt.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 262q
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section, Pub. L. 100–418, title II, § 2302, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1341, which related to Commercial Service Officers and multilateral development bank procurement, was renumbered § 1803 of title XVIII of Pub. L. 95–118, by Pub. L. 101–240, title V, § 541(b)(2), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2517, and was transferred to [section 262s–2 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section262s–2&num=0&edition=prelim), Foreign Relations and Intercourse.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 4722
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The oath of office shall be administered by the President of the Senate to each Senator who shall be elected, previous to his taking his seat.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Each appropriate Federal banking agency shall review the exposure to risk of United States banking institutions arising from the medium- and long-term loans made by such institutions that are outstanding to any highly indebted country. Each agency shall provide direction to such institutions regarding additions to general reserves maintained by each banking institution for potential loan losses and special reserves required by such agency arising from such review.
**(b) Determination of institutional exposure to risk** In determining the exposure of an institution to risk for purposes of subsection (a), the appropriate Federal banking agency—
(1) shall determine whether any country exposure that is, and has been for at least 2 years, rated in the category “Other Transfer Risk Problems” or the category “Substandard” by the Interagency Country Exposure Review Committee should be reevaluated;
(2) may exempt, in full or in part, from reserve requirements established pursuant to subsection (a), any loan—
(A) to a country that enters into a debt reduction, debt service reduction, or financing program with its bank creditors that is supported by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or the International Monetary Fund; or
(B) secured, in whole or in part, by appropriate collateral for payment of interest or principal;
(3) take into account any other factors which bear on such exposure and the particular circumstances of the institution; and
(4) shall consider as indicators of risk, where appropriate, the average reserve levels maintained by or required of banking institutions in foreign countries and secondary market prices for such loans.
**(c) Timing and report**
(1) **Determined by agency** — Except as provided in paragraph
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 3904a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Determination by President**
(1) **In general** — Except as provided in subsection (b)(2), the President shall impose the sanction described in subsection (c) if the President determines in writing that, on or after the effective date of this subchapter, a foreign person or a United States person has materially and with requisite knowledge contributed, through the export from the United States or any other country of any goods or technology (as defined in [section 6305(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6305/2&num=0&edition=prelim)), to the efforts by any individual, group, or non-nuclear-weapon state to acquire unsafeguarded special nuclear material or to use, develop, produce, stockpile, or otherwise acquire any nuclear explosive device.
(2) **Persons against which the sanction is to be imposed** — The sanction shall be imposed pursuant to paragraph (1) on—
(A) the foreign person or United States person with respect to which the President makes the determination described in that paragraph;
(B) any successor entity to that foreign person or United States person;
(C) any foreign person or United States person that is a parent or subsidiary of that person if that parent or subsidiary materially and with requisite knowledge assisted in the activities which were the basis of that determination; and
(D) any foreign person or United States person that is an affiliate of that person if that affiliate materially and with requisite knowledge assisted in the activities which were the basis of that determination and if that affiliate is controlled in fact by that person.
(3) **Other sanctions available** — The sanction which is required to be imposed for activities described in this subsection is in
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6301
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section, acts May 3, 1928, ch. 489, 45 Stat. 487; Sept. 21, 1950, ch. 976, § 1(a), 64 Stat. 902; July 27, 1956, ch. 750, 70 Stat. 696; Feb. 16, 1960, Pub. L. 86–384, 74 Stat. 3; Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–365, 75 Stat. 784, which authorized appropriations for the Department of State for the fiscal years 1963 and 1964, not in excess of $50,000 per fiscal year, to meet the obligations of the United States as a member of the Inter-American Children’s Institute, has been omitted because the authorization has not been extended for later than the 1963 and 1964 fiscal years.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 282i
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The President is hereby authorized (a) to accept the amendment to the articles of agreement of the International Monetary Fund (hereinafter referred to as the “Fund”), attached to the April 1968 report by the Executive Directors to the Board of Governors of the Fund, for the purpose of (i) establishing a facility based on Special Drawing Rights in the Fund and (ii) giving effect to certain modifications in the present rules and practices of the Fund, and (b) to participate in the special drawing account established by the amendment.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 290i
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
It is the sense of Congress that the annual national security strategy report of the President required under [section 3043 of title 50](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3043&num=0&edition=prelim)—
(1) should promote international religious freedom as a foreign policy and national security priority; and
(2) should articulate that promotion of the right to freedom of religion is a strategy that—
(A) protects other, related human rights, and advances democracy outside the United States; and
(B) makes clear its importance to United States foreign policy goals of stability, security, development, and diplomacy;
(3) should be a guide for the strategies and activities of relevant Federal agencies; and
(4) should inform the Department of Defense quadrennial defense review under section 118 11 See References in Text note below. of title 10 and the Department of State Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6402
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Subject to applicable requirements concerning reimbursement to the Treasury for United States owned foreign currencies, the President may make available to the Fund, for use in carrying out the agreement authorized by [section 290j of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section290j&num=0&edition=prelim), up to the equivalent of $200,000,000 in foreign currencies owned by the United States in India or owed to the United States by the Government of India. Such use may include investment in order to generate interest which would be retained in the Fund and used to support programs pursuant to that agreement.
**(b)** In accordance with the agreement negotiated pursuant to [section 290j(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section290j/a&num=0&edition=prelim), sums made available for investment for the United States-India Fund for Cultural, Educational, and Scientific Cooperation under the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, and the Judiciary and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1985, and any earnings on such sums shall be available for the purposes of [section 290j(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section290j/a&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 262s
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