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22 U.S.C. § 2452a — Exchange program with countries in transition from totalitarianism to democracy
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorization of activities; grants or contracts for exchanges with foreign countries** Pursuant to the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 [[22 U.S.C. 2451](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2451&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] and using the authorities contained therein, the President is authorized, when the President considers that it would strengthen international cooperative relations, to provide, by grant, contract, or otherwise, for exchanges with countries that are in transition from totalitarianism to democracy, which include, but are not limited to Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania—
(1) by financing studies, research, instruction, and related activities—
(A) of or for American citizens and nationals in foreign countries; and
(B) of or for citizens and nationals of foreign countries in American private businesses, trade associations, unions, chambers of commerce, and local, State, and Federal Government agencies, located in or outside the United States; and
(2) by financing visits and interchanges between the United States and countries in transition from totalitarianism to democracy.
The program under this section shall be coordinated by the Department of State.
**(b) Transfer of funds** The President is authorized to transfer to the appropriate appropriations account of the Department of State such sums as the President shall determine to be necessary out of the travel accounts of the departments and agencies of the United States, except for the Department of State, as the President shall designate. Such transfers shall be subject to the approval of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. In a
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 33, § 2452a; chapter-033-mutual-educational-and-cultural-exchange-program.md
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**(a) Authorization of activities; grants or contracts for exchanges with foreign countries** Pursuant to the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 [[22 U.S.C. 2451](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2451&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] and using the authorities contained therein, the President is authorized, when the President considers that it would strengthen international cooperative relations, to provide, by grant, contract, or otherwise, for exchanges with countries that are in transition from totalitarianism to democracy, which include, but are not limited to Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania—
(1) by financing studies, research, instruction, and related activities—
(A) of or for American citizens and nationals in foreign countries; and
(B) of or for citizens and nationals of foreign countries in American private businesses, trade associations, unions, chambers of commerce, and local, State, and Federal Government agencies, located in or outside the United States; and
(2) by financing visits and interchanges between the United States and countries in transition from totalitarianism to democracy.
The program under this section shall be coordinated by the Department of State.
**(b) Transfer of funds** The President is authorized to transfer to the appropriate appropriations account of the Department of State such sums as the President shall determine to be necessary out of the travel accounts of the departments and agencies of the United States, except for the Department of State, as the President shall designate. Such transfers shall be subject to the approval of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate. In addition, the President is authorized to accept such gifts or cost-sharing arrangements as may be proffered to sustain the program under this section.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The United States Information Agency (other than the Broadcasting Board of Governors and the International Broadcasting Bureau) is abolished.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6531
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purpose of this chapter is to enable the Government of the United States to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries by means of educational and cultural exchange; to strengthen the ties which unite us with other nations by demonstrating the educational and cultural interests, developments, and achievements of the people of the United States and other nations, and the contributions being made toward a peaceful and more fruitful life for people throughout the world; to promote international cooperation for educational and cultural advancement; and thus to assist in the development of friendly, sympathetic, and peaceful relations between the United States and the other countries of the world.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2451
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds the following:
(1) Throughout the United States, there are pressing unmet human, educational, environmental, and public safety needs.
(2) Americans desire to affirm common responsibilities and shared values, and join together in positive experiences, that transcend race, religion, gender, age, disability, region, income, and education.
(3) The rising costs of postsecondary education are putting higher education out of reach for an increasing number of citizens.
(4) Americans of all ages can improve their communities and become better citizens through service to the United States.
(5) Nonprofit organizations, local governments, States, and the Federal Government are already supporting a wide variety of national service programs that deliver needed services in a cost-effective manner.
(6) Residents of low-income communities, especially youth and young adults, can be empowered through their service, and can help provide future community leadership.
**(b) Purpose** It is the purpose of this chapter to—
(1) meet the unmet human, educational, environmental, and public safety needs of the United States, without displacing existing workers;
(2) renew the ethic of civic responsibility and the spirit of community and service throughout the varied and diverse communities of the United States;
(3) expand educational opportunity by rewarding individuals who participate in national service with an increased ability to pursue higher education or job training;
(4) encourage citizens of the United States, regardless of age, income, geographic location, or disability, to engage in full-time or part-time national service;
(5) reinvent government to eliminate duplication, support locally established initiatives, require measurable goals for p
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 959
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2451
69 F.R. 41901, set out as a note under section 1738 of
Title 7, Agriculture.
§ 2431k. Annual reports to Congress
Not later than April 15 of each year, the Presi-
dent shall prepare and transmit to the Congress
an annual report concerning the operation of
the Facility for the prior calendar year. Such re-
port shall include—
(1) a description of the activities undertaken
by the Facility during the previous calendar
year;
(2) a description of any Agreement entered
into under this subchapter;
(3) a report on any Funds that have been es-
tablished under this subchapter and on the op-
erations of such Funds; and
(4) a description of any grants that have
been provided by administering bodies pursu-
ant to Agreements under this subchapter.
(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 813, as added Pub. L.
105–214, § 1, July 29, 1998, 112 Stat. 893; amended
Pub. L. 115–440, § 10, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5584.)
Editorial Notes
PRIOR PROVISIONS
Prior sections 2432 to 2435 were repealed by Pub. L.
94–329, title IV, § 413(a), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 761.
Section 2432, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 802, as added Pub.
L. 93–189, § 24, Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 728, authorized ap-
propriation of $504,000,000 for fiscal year 1974 to remain
available until expended for relief and reconstruction
of South Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.
Section 2433, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 803, as added Pub.
L. 93–189, § 24, Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 728, provided for as-
sistance to South Vietnamese children.
Section 2434, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 804, as added Pub.
L. 93–189, § 24, Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 729, made provision
for assistance to the Center for Plastic and Reconstruc-
tive Surgery in Saigon.
Section 2435, Pub. L. 87–195, pt. V, § 80
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2451
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 963
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2452a
div. A, title II, § 227, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1369; Pub.
L. 113–235, div. J, title VII, § 7085, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat.
2685, known as the Vietnam Education Foundation Act
of 2000, established the Vietnam Education Foundation
to provide fellowships to Vietnamese nationals to study
the sciences, mathematics, medicine, and technology in
the United States and to United States citizens to
teach those subjects in Vietnam.
Pub. L. 104–319, title I, § 103, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat.
3865, as amended by Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B,
title XXIV, § 2415, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–834; Pub.
L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title IV, § 401], Nov.
29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–445; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A,
title II, § 222, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1367, authorized es-
tablishment of educational and cultural exchange pro-
grams between United States and people of Tibet and
authorized scholarships for Tibetans and Burmese.
Pub. L. 103–236, title II, § 235, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat.
425, authorized establishment and maintenance of
American studies collections at appropriate foreign
university libraries to further the study of the United
States.
Pub. L. 103–236, title II, § 236, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat.
425, authorized establishment of educational and cul-
tural exchange programs between United States and
Tibet.
Pub. L. 103–236, title II, § 237, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat.
426, established a scholarship program for East Timor-
ese students qualified to study in United States.
Pub. L. 103–236, title II, § 238, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat.
426, related to establishment and expansion of Cam-
bodian scholarship and exchange programs.
Pub. L. 103–236, title II, § 239, Apr. 30, 1994, 108
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2452a
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