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16 U.S.C. § 6471 — Coral reef conservation and restoration assistance
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary of the Interior may provide scientific expertise and technical assistance, and subject to the availability of appropriations, financial assistance for the conservation and restoration of coral reefs consistent with all applicable laws governing resource management in Federal, State, and Tribal waters, including—
(1) the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy; and
(2) coral reef action plans in effect under section 205 of the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 [[16 U.S.C. 6404](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6404&num=0&edition=prelim)], as added by this division, as applicable.
**(b) Coral Reef Initiative** The Secretary may establish a Coral Reef Initiative Program—
(1) to provide grant funding to support local management, conservation, and protection of coral reef ecosystems in—
(A) coastal areas of covered States; and
(B) Freely Associated States;
(2) to enhance resource availability of National Park Service and National Wildlife Refuge System management units to implement coral reef conservation and restoration activities;
(3) to complement the other conservation and assistance activities conducted under this Act or the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 [[16 U.S.C. 6401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], as amended by section 10001; and
(4) to provide other technical, scientific, and financial assistance and conduct conservation and restoration activities that advance the purposes of this title and the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, as amended by this division.
**(c) Consultation with the Department of Commerce**
(1) **Coral reef conservation and restoration activities** — The Secretary o
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Source location: Title 16, Chapter 83A, § 6471; chapter-83a-coral-reef-conservation-management-and-assistance.md
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**(a) In general** The Secretary of the Interior may provide scientific expertise and technical assistance, and subject to the availability of appropriations, financial assistance for the conservation and restoration of coral reefs consistent with all applicable laws governing resource management in Federal, State, and Tribal waters, including—
(1) the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy; and
(2) coral reef action plans in effect under section 205 of the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 [[16 U.S.C. 6404](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6404&num=0&edition=prelim)], as added by this division, as applicable.
**(b) Coral Reef Initiative** The Secretary may establish a Coral Reef Initiative Program—
(1) to provide grant funding to support local management, conservation, and protection of coral reef ecosystems in—
(A) coastal areas of covered States; and
(B) Freely Associated States;
(2) to enhance resource availability of National Park Service and National Wildlife Refuge System management units to implement coral reef conservation and restoration activities;
(3) to complement the other conservation and assistance activities conducted under this Act or the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 [[16 U.S.C. 6401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], as amended by section 10001; and
(4) to provide other technical, scientific, and financial assistance and conduct conservation and restoration activities that advance the purposes of this title and the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, as amended by this division.
**(c) Consultation with the Department of Commerce**
(1) **Coral reef conservation and restoration activities** — The Secretary of the Interior may consult with the Secretary of Commerce regarding the conduct of any activities to conserve and restore coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems in waters managed under the jurisdiction of the Federal agencies specified in paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 203(c) of the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 [[16 U.S.C. 6402(c)(2)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6402/c/2&num=0&edition=prelim), (3)], as added by this division.
(2) **Award of Coral Reef Management Fellowship** — The Secretary of the Interior shall consult with the Secretary of Commerce to award the Susan L. Williams Coral Reef Management Fellowship under subchapter III of this chapter.
**(d) Cooperative agreements** Subject to the availability of appropriations, the Secretary of the Interior may enter into cooperative agreements with covered reef managers to fund coral reef conservation and restoration activities in waters managed under the jurisdiction of such managers that—
(1) are consistent with the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy; and
(2) support and enhance the success of coral reef action plans in effect under section 205 of the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 [[16 U.S.C. 6404](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6404&num=0&edition=prelim)], as added by this division.
**(e) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Conservation, coral, coral reef, etc.** — The terms “conservation”, “coral reef”, “covered reef manager”, “covered State”, “National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy”, “restoration”, and “State” have the meanings given those terms in section 216 of the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 [[16 U.S.C. 6415](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6415&num=0&edition=prelim)], as added by this division.
(2) **Tribe; Tribal** — The terms “Tribe” and “Tribal” refer to Indian Tribes (as defined in [section 5130 of title 25](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section5130&num=0&edition=prelim)).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this title: 11 See References in Text note below.
(1) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Interior.
(2) The term “Indian tribe” means any Indian or Alaska Native tribe, band, nation, pueblo, village or community that the Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as an Indian tribe.
(3) The term “list” means the list of recognized tribes published by the Secretary pursuant to [section 5131 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section5131&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 25 U.S.C. § 5130
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Amounts in the Fund may be allocated by the Foundation to support programs and activities intended to better understand and utilize ocean and coastal resources, coastal infrastructure, and ecosystem services provided by natural systems such as coral reefs, including baseline scientific research, ocean observing, and other programs and activities carried out in coordination with Federal and State departments or agencies.
**(b) Prohibition on use of funds for litigation or other purposes** No funds made available under this chapter may be used to—
(1) fund litigation against the Federal Government; or
(2) fund the creation of national marine monuments and marine protected areas, marine spatial planning, or the National Ocean Policy.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 7504
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Administrator** — The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(2) **Alaska Native Corporation** — The term “Alaska Native Corporation” has the meaning given the term “Native Corporation” in [section 1602 of title 43](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title43-section1602&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives.
(4) **Conservation** — The term “conservation” means the use of methods and procedures necessary to preserve or sustain native corals and associated species as diverse, viable, and self-perpetuating coral reef ecosystems with minimal impacts from invasive species, including—
(A) all activities associated with resource management, such as monitoring, assessment, protection, restoration, sustainable use, management of habitat, and maintenance or augmentation of genetic diversity;
(B) mapping;
(C) scientific expertise and technical assistance in the development and implementation of management strategies for marine protected areas and marine resources required by Federal law;
(D) law enforcement;
(E) conflict resolution initiatives;
(F) community outreach and education; and
(G) promotion of safe and ecologically sound navigation and anchoring.
(5) **Coral** — The term “coral” means species of the phylum Cnidaria, including—
(A) all species of the orders Antipatharia (black corals), Scleractinia (stony corals), Alcyonacea (soft corals, organ pipe corals, gorgonians), and Helioporacea (blue coral), of the class
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 6415
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purposes of this chapter are—
(1) to conserve and restore the condition of United States coral reef ecosystems challenged by natural and human-accelerated changes, including increasing ocean temperatures, changing ocean chemistry, coral bleaching, coral diseases, water quality degradation, invasive species, and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing;
(2) to promote the science-based management and sustainable use of coral reef ecosystems to benefit local communities and the Nation, including through improved integration and cooperation among Federal and non-Federal stakeholders responsible for managing coral reef resources;
(3) to develop sound scientific information on the condition of coral reef ecosystems, continuing and emerging threats to such ecosystems, and the efficacy of innovative tools, technologies, and strategies to mitigate stressors and restore such ecosystems, including evaluation criteria to determine the effectiveness of management interventions, and accurate mapping for coral reef restoration;
(4) to assist in the preservation of coral reefs by supporting science-based, consensus-driven, and community-based coral reef management by covered States and covered Native entities, including monitoring, conservation, and restoration projects that empower local communities, small businesses, and nongovernmental organizations;
(5) to provide financial resources, technical assistance, and scientific expertise to supplement, complement, and strengthen community-based management programs and conservation and restoration projects of non-Federal reefs;
(6) to establish a formal mechanism for collecting and allocating monetary donations from the private sector to be used for coral reef conservation and restoration projects;
(7) to support rapid, eff
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 6401
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Plans prepared by Federal reef managers**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 3 years after December 23, 2022, and 2 years after the date of publication of each National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy, each Federal reef manager shall—
(A) prepare a coral reef action plan to guide management and restoration activities to be undertaken within the responsibilities and jurisdiction of the manager; or
(B) in the case of a reef under the jurisdiction of a Federal reef manager for which there is an action plan in effect as of December 23, 2022, update that plan to comply with the requirements of this subsection.
(2) **Elements** — A plan prepared under paragraph (1) by a Federal reef manager shall include a discussion of the following:
(A) Short- and medium-term coral reef conservation and restoration objectives within the jurisdiction of the manager.
(B) A current adaptive management framework to inform research, monitoring, and assessment needs.
(C) Tools, strategies, and partnerships necessary to identify, monitor, and address pollution, water quality, and other negative impacts to coral reef ecosystems within the jurisdiction of the manager.
(D) The status of efforts to improve coral reef ecosystem management cooperation and integration between Federal reef managers and covered reef managers, including the identification of existing research and monitoring activities that can be leveraged for coral reef status and trends assessments within the jurisdiction of the manager.
(E) Estimated budgetary and resource considerations necessary to carry out the plan.
(F) Contingencies for response to and recovery from emergencies and disasters.
(G) In the case of an updated plan, annual records of significant management and restoration actions taken
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 6404
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2574
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 6305
tive expenses necessary to carry out this chap-
ter.
(c) Investment of amounts
(1) In general
The Secretary of the Treasury shall invest
such portion of the Fund as is not, in the judg-
ment of the Secretary of the Treasury, re-
quired to meet current withdrawals. Invest-
ments may be made only in interest-bearing
obligations of the United States.
(2) Acquisition of obligations
For the purpose of investments under para-
graph (1), obligations may be acquired—
(A) on original issue at the issue price; or
(B) by purchase of outstanding obligations
at the market price.
(3) Sale of obligations
Any obligation acquired by the Fund may be
sold by the Secretary of the Treasury at the
market price.
(4) Credits to Fund
The interest on, and the proceeds from the
sale or redemption of, any obligations held in
the Fund shall be credited to and form a part
of the Fund.
(d) Transfers of amounts
(1) In general
The amounts required to be transferred to
the Fund under this section shall be trans-
ferred at least monthly from the general fund
of the Treasury to the Fund on the basis of es-
timates made by the Secretary of the Treas-
ury.
(2) Adjustments
Proper adjustment shall be made in amounts
subsequently transferred to the extent prior
estimates were in excess of or less than the
amounts required to be transferred.
(e) Acceptance and use of donations
The Secretary may accept and use donations
to provide assistance under section 6303 of this
title. Amounts received by the Secretary in the
form of donations shall be transferred to the
Secretary of the Treasury for deposit into the
Fund.
(Pub. L. 106–411, § 5, Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1793;
Pub. L. 109–363, title VII, § 702, Oct. 17, 2006, 120
Stat. 2082; Pub. L.
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 6401
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Administrator, the Secretary of the Interior, or the Secretary of Commerce may conduct activities described in subsection (b) to conserve and restore coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems that are consistent with—
(1) all applicable laws governing resource management in Federal and State waters, including this chapter;
(2) the National Coral Reef Resilience Strategy; and
(3) coral reef action plans in effect under [section 6404 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section6404&num=0&edition=prelim), as applicable.
**(b) Activities described** Activities described in this subsection are activities to conserve, research, monitor, assess, and restore coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems in waters managed under the jurisdiction of a Federal agency specified in subsection (c) or in coordination with a State in waters managed under the jurisdiction of such State, including—
(1) developing, including through the collection of requisite in situ and remotely sensed data, high-quality and digitized maps reflecting—
(A) current and historical live coral cover data;
(B) coral reef habitat quality data;
(C) priority areas for coral reef conservation to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function, including the reef matrix, that benefit coastal communities and living marine resources;
(D) priority areas for coral reef restoration to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function, including the reef matrix, to benefit coastal communities and living marine resources; and
(E) areas of concern that may require enhanced monitoring of coral health and cover;
(2) enhancing compliance with Federal laws that prohibit or regulate—
(A) the taking of coral products or species a
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 6402
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2581
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 6402
EX. ORD. NO. 13196. FINAL NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN
ISLANDS CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM RESERVE
Ex. Ord. No. 13196, Jan. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 7395, provided:
By the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and the laws of the United States of
America, including the National Marine Sanctuaries
Act, (16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.), and the National Marine
Sanctuaries Amendments Act of 2000, Public Law
106–513 [see Short Title of 2000 Amendment note set out
under section 1431 of this title], and in furtherance of
the purposes of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Con-
servation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.),
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act [of
1972] (33 U.S.C. 1401 et seq. [16 U.S.C. 1431 et seq., 1447 et
seq., 33 U.S.C. 1401 et seq., 2801 et seq.]), Coastal Zone
Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1451 et seq.), Endangered
Species Act [of 1973] (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), Marine
Mammal Protection Act [of 1972] (16 U.S.C. 1362 [1361] et
seq.), Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.), National
Historic Preservation Act ([former] 16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.)
[see 54 U.S.C. 300101 et seq.], National Wildlife Refuge
System Administration Act (16 U.S.C. 668dd–e.e. [16
U.S.C. 668dd–668ee]), and other pertinent statutes, it is
ordered as follows:
SEC. 1. Preamble. On December 4, 2000, I issued Execu-
tive Order 13178 [set out above] establishing the North-
western Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Re-
serve (Reserve) pursuant to my authority under the Na-
tional Marine Sanctuaries Act, as amended by the Na-
tional Marine Sanctuary Amendments Act of 2000
(Act). In establishing the Reserve, I set forth a number
of conservation measures and created specific Reserve
Preservation Areas to protect the coral reef eco
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 6402
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2583
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 6404
(3) engage stakeholders, including covered
States, coral reef stewardship partnerships,
reef research institutes and research centers
described in section 6412 1 of this title, and re-
cipients of grants under section 6410 of this
title; and
(4) solicit public review and comment re-
garding scoping and the draft strategy.
(d) Submission to Congress; publication
The Administrator shall—
(1) submit the strategy required by sub-
section (a) and any revisions to the strategy to
the appropriate congressional committees; and
(2) publish the strategy and any such revi-
sions on public websites of—
(A) the Coral Reef Conservation Program
of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration; and
(B) the Task Force.
(Pub. L. 106–562, title II, § 204, as added Pub. L.
117–263, div. J, title C, § 10001(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136
Stat. 3933.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
Section 6412 of this title, referred to in subsecs.
(b)(2)(C) and (c)(3), probably should be a reference to
section 6411 of this title which relates to reef research
coordination institutes and coral reef research centers.
Subsec. (b)(1)(B) of section 6412 of this title probably
should be a reference to section 6411(a)(1) of this title
which requires the designation of reef research coordi-
nation institutes. Section 6412(b) does not contain a
par. (1)(B).
PRIOR PROVISIONS
A prior section 6403, Pub. L. 106–562, title II, § 204, Dec.
23, 2000, 114 Stat. 2801, related to coral reef conservation
program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 117–263, div. J, title
C, § 10001(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3931.
§ 6404. Coral reef action plans
(a) Plans prepared by Federal reef managers
(1) In general
Not later than 3 years after December 23,
2022, and 2 ye
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 6404
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2591
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 6415
(2) $3,500,000 for activities authorized under
section 6410 of this title; and
(3) $4,500,000 to be provided to the coopera-
tive institutes designated under section 6411(a)
of this title to carry out the functions de-
scribed in such section.
(b) Administration
Not more than 10 percent of the amounts ap-
propriated under subsection (a) may be used for
program administration or overhead costs in-
curred by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration or the Department of Com-
merce.
(Pub. L. 106–562, title II, § 215, as added Pub. L.
117–263, div. J, title C, § 10001(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136
Stat. 3947.)
§ 6415. Definitions
In this chapter:
(1) Administrator
The term ‘‘Administrator’’ means the Ad-
ministrator of the National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration.
(2) Alaska Native Corporation
The term ‘‘Alaska Native Corporation’’ has
the meaning given the term ‘‘Native Corpora-
tion’’ in section 1602 of title 43.
(3) Appropriate congressional committees
The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com-
mittees’’ means the Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation of the Senate and
the Committee on Natural Resources of the
House of Representatives.
(4) Conservation
The term ‘‘conservation’’ means the use of
methods and procedures necessary to preserve
or sustain native corals and associated species
as diverse, viable, and self-perpetuating coral
reef ecosystems with minimal impacts from
invasive species, including—
(A) all activities associated with resource
management, such as monitoring, assess-
ment, protection, restoration, sustainable
use, management of habitat, and mainte-
nance or augmentation of genetic diversity;
(B) mapping;
(C) scientific expertise and technical as-
sistance in
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 6415
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 16 U.S.C. § 6415. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.