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22 U.S.C. § 2378d — Limitation on assistance to security forces
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** No assistance shall be furnished under this chapter or the Arms Export Control Act [[22 U.S.C. 2751](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2751&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] to any unit of the security forces of a foreign country if the Secretary of State has credible information that such unit has committed a gross violation of human rights.
**(b) Exception** The prohibition in subsection (a) shall not apply if the Secretary determines and reports to the appropriate congressional committees that the government of such country is taking effective steps to bring the responsible members of the security forces unit to justice.
**(c) Duty to inform**
(1) If assistance to a foreign security force is provided in a manner in which the recipient unit or units cannot be identified prior to the transfer of assistance, the Secretary of State shall regularly provide a list of units prohibited from receiving assistance pursuant to this section to the recipient government and the appropriate congressional committees and, effective December 31, 2022, such assistance shall only be made available subject to a written agreement that the recipient government will comply with such prohibition.
(2) If the recipient government withholds assistance from a unit pursuant to this section, the Secretary shall inform the appropriate congressional committees and shall, to the maximum extent practicable, assist the foreign government in bringing the responsible members of the unit to justice.
**(d) Credible information** The Secretary shall establish, and periodically update, procedures to—
(1) ensure that for each country the Department of State has a current list of all security force units receiving United States training, equipment,
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_0734c082d2a9243091d224f2
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-2378d-limitation-on-assistance-to-security-forces--eb7019dc94.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 32, § 2378d; chapter-032-foreign-assistance.md
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**(a) In general** No assistance shall be furnished under this chapter or the Arms Export Control Act [[22 U.S.C. 2751](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2751&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] to any unit of the security forces of a foreign country if the Secretary of State has credible information that such unit has committed a gross violation of human rights.
**(b) Exception** The prohibition in subsection (a) shall not apply if the Secretary determines and reports to the appropriate congressional committees that the government of such country is taking effective steps to bring the responsible members of the security forces unit to justice.
**(c) Duty to inform**
(1) If assistance to a foreign security force is provided in a manner in which the recipient unit or units cannot be identified prior to the transfer of assistance, the Secretary of State shall regularly provide a list of units prohibited from receiving assistance pursuant to this section to the recipient government and the appropriate congressional committees and, effective December 31, 2022, such assistance shall only be made available subject to a written agreement that the recipient government will comply with such prohibition.
(2) If the recipient government withholds assistance from a unit pursuant to this section, the Secretary shall inform the appropriate congressional committees and shall, to the maximum extent practicable, assist the foreign government in bringing the responsible members of the unit to justice.
**(d) Credible information** The Secretary shall establish, and periodically update, procedures to—
(1) ensure that for each country the Department of State has a current list of all security force units receiving United States training, equipment, or other types of assistance;
(2) facilitate receipt by the Department of State and United States embassies of information from individuals and organizations outside the United States Government about gross violations of human rights by security force units;
(3) routinely request and obtain such information from the Department of Defense, the Central Intelligence Agency, and other United States Government sources;
(4) ensure that such information is evaluated and preserved;
(5) ensure that when an individual is designated to receive United States training, equipment, or other types of assistance the individual’s unit is vetted as well as the individual;
(6) seek to identify the unit involved when credible information of a gross violation exists but the identity of the unit is lacking; and
(7) make publicly available, to the maximum extent practicable, the identity of those units for which no assistance shall be furnished pursuant to subsection (a).
**(e) Definitions**
(1) For the purposes of subsection (d)(7), the term “to the maximum extent practicable” means that the identity of such units shall be made publicly available unless the Secretary of State, on a case-by-case basis, determines and reports to the appropriate congressional committees that public disclosure is not in the national security interest of the United States and provides a detailed justification for such determination, which may be submitted in classified form.
(2) For the purposes of this section, “appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(a) United States development cooperation policy
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2151
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As declared by the Congress in the Arms Control and Disarmament Act [[22 U.S.C. 2551](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2551&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], an ultimate goal of the United States continues to be a world which is free from the scourge of war and the dangers and burdens of armaments; in which the use of force has been subordinated to the rule of law; and in which international adjustments to a changing world are achieved peacefully. In furtherance of that goal, it remains the policy of the United States to encourage regional arms control and disarmament agreements and to discourage arms races.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2751
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—**
(1) Of the amounts made available to the Department of Defense, none may be used for any training, equipment, or other assistance for a unit of a foreign security force if the Secretary of Defense has credible information that the unit has committed a gross violation of human rights.
(2) The Secretary of Defense shall, in consultation with the Secretary of State, ensure that prior to a decision to provide any training, equipment, or other assistance to a unit of a foreign security force full consideration is given to any credible information available to the Department of State relating to human rights violations by such unit.
**(b) Exception.—** The prohibition in subsection (a)(1) shall not apply if the Secretary of Defense, after consultation with the Secretary of State, determines that the government of such country has taken all necessary corrective steps, or if the equipment or other assistance is necessary to assist in disaster relief operations or other humanitarian or national security emergencies.
**(c) Waiver.—** The Secretary of Defense, after consultation with the Secretary of State, may waive the prohibition in subsection (a)(1) if the Secretary determines that the waiver is required by extraordinary circumstances.
**(d) Procedures.—** The Secretary of Defense shall establish, and periodically update, procedures to ensure that any information in the possession of the Department of Defense about gross violations of human rights by units of foreign security forces is shared on a timely basis with the Department of State.
**(e) Report.—** Not later than 15 days after the application of any exception under subsection (b) or the exercise of any waiver under subsection (c), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate commi
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 362
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The President may not provide assistance (other than assistance authorized under [section 10005 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section10005&num=0&edition=prelim)) to the Sudanese security and intelligence services until the President submits to Congress a certification that the Government of Sudan has met the conditions described in subsection (c).
**(b) Exception; waiver**
(1) **Exception** — The Secretary of State may, as appropriate and notwithstanding any other provision of law, provide assistance for the purpose of professionalizing the Sudanese security and intelligence services, through institutions such as the Africa Center for Strategic Studies and the United States Institute of Peace.
(2) **Waiver** — The President may waive the limitation on the provision of assistance under subsection (a) if, not later than 30 days before the assistance is to be provided, the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees—
(A) a list of the activities and participants to which such waiver would apply;
(B) a justification that the waiver is in the national security interest of the United States; and
(C) a certification that the participants have met the requirements of either [section 2378d of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2378d&num=0&edition=prelim) for programs funded through Department of State appropriations or [section 362 of title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section362&num=0&edition=prelim) for programs funded through Department of Defense appropriations.
**(c) Conditions**
(1) **In general** — The conditions described in this subsection are that the Sudanese security a
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 10010
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Safeguards** The Foundation shall develop, and incorporate into any agreement for support provided by the Foundation, appropriate safeguards, policies, and guidelines, consistent with United States law and best practices and standards for environmental and social safeguards.
**(b) Independent accountability mechanism**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary, or the Secretary’s designee, shall establish a transparent and independent accountability mechanism, consistent with best practices, which shall provide—
(A) a compliance review function that assesses whether Foundation-supported projects adhere to the requirements developed pursuant to subsection (a);
(B) a dispute resolution function for resolving and remedying concerns between complainants and project implementers regarding the impacts of specific Foundation-supported projects with respect to such standards; and
(C) an advisory function that reports to the Board on projects, policies, and practices.
(2) **Duties** — The accountability mechanism shall—
(A) report annually to the Board and the appropriate congressional committees regarding the Foundation’s compliance with best practices and standards in accordance with paragraph (1)(A) and the nature and resolution of any complaint;
(B)
(i) have permanent staff, led by an independent accountability official, to conduct compliance reviews and dispute resolutions and perform advisory functions; and
(ii) maintain a roster of experts to serve such roles, to the extent needed; and
(C) hold a public comment period lasting not fewer than 60 days regarding the initial design of the accountability mechanism.
**(c) Internal accountability** The Foundation shall establish an ombudsman position at a senior level of executive staff as a confide
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 10605
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Prohibition** Except as provided in subsection (b), none of the funds made available to carry out this chapter or any other Act may be made available to facilitate in any way the sale of M–833 antitank shells or any comparable antitank shells containing a depleted uranium penetrating component to any country other than—
(1) a country that is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization;
(2) a country that has been designated as a major non-NATO ally (as defined in [section 2403(q) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2403/q&num=0&edition=prelim)); or
(3) Taiwan.
**(b) Exception** The prohibition contained in subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to the use of funds to facilitate the sale of antitank shells to a country if the President determines that to do so is in the national security interest of the United States.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2378a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) International military education and training**
(1) **In general** — There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2010 through 2014 for assistance under chapter 5 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ([22 U.S.C. 2347](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2347&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.; relating to international military education and training) for Pakistan, including expanded international military education and training (commonly known as “E–IMET”).
(2) **Use of funds** — It is the sense of Congress that a substantial amount of funds made available to carry out this subsection for a fiscal year should be used to pay for courses of study and training in counterinsurgency and civil-military relations.
**(b) Foreign Military Financing program**
(1) **In general** — There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2010 through 2014 for grant assistance under [section 2763 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2763&num=0&edition=prelim) (relating to the Foreign Military Financing program) for the purchase of defense articles, defense services, and military education and training for Pakistan.
(2) **Use of funds**
(A) *In general* — A significant portion of the amount made available to carry out this subsection for a fiscal year shall be for the purchase of defense articles, defense services, and military education and training for activities relating to counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations in Pakistan.
(B) *Sense of Congress* — It is the sense of Congress that a significant majority of funds made available to carry out this subsection f
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 8425
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Prevention and Stabilization Fund**
(1) **Establishment** — There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund, which shall be known as the “Prevention and Stabilization Fund” (in this subsection referred to as “The Fund”), to be administered by the Department of State and USAID, as appropriate, to support stabilization of conflict-affected areas and to mitigate fragility, including through the Global Fragility Strategy established pursuant to [section 9803 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9803&num=0&edition=prelim), which shall replace the Relief and Recovery Fund.
(2) **Authorization of appropriations** — There is authorized to be appropriated to the Fund $200,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2020 through 2024.
(3) **Purposes of the Fund**
(A) *In general* — Amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Fund shall be used—
(i) to support stabilization of conflict-affected areas and prevent global fragility, including through the Global Fragility Strategy established pursuant to [section 9803 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9803&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(ii) to provide assistance to areas liberated or at risk from, or under the control of, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, other terrorist organizations, or violent extremist organizations, including for stabilization assistance for vulnerable ethnic and religious minority communities affected by conflict.
(B) *Amounts in addition* — Amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Fund under this section are in addition to any funds otherwise made available for the purposes described in paragraph (1).
(4) **Congressional notification** — Funds may not be obligat
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 9808
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Any authority granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat.
**(b)** The authorities granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, shall operate Transnational Criminal Investigative Units within Homeland Security Investigations.
**(b) Composition** Each Transnational Criminal Investigative Unit shall be composed of trained foreign law enforcement officials who shall collaborate with Homeland Security Investigations to investigate and prosecute individuals involved in transnational criminal activity.
**(c) Vetting requirement**
(1) **In general** — Before entry into a Transnational Criminal Investigative Unit, and at periodic intervals while serving in such a unit, foreign law enforcement officials shall be required to pass certain security evaluations, which may include a background check, a polygraph examination, a urinalysis test, or other measures that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.
(2) **Leahy vetting required** — No member of a foreign law enforcement unit may join a Transnational Criminal Investigative Unit if the Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of State, has credible information that such foreign law enforcement unit has committed a gross violation of human rights, consistent with the limitations set forth in [section 2378d of title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2378d&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Approval and concurrence** — The establishment and continued support of the Transnational Criminal Investigative Units who are assigned under paragraph (1)—
(A) shall be performed with the approval of the chief of mission to the foreign country to which the personnel are assigned;
(B) shall be consistent with the duties and powers of the Secretary of State and the chief of mission for a foreign country under [section 4802 of title 2
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 6 U.S.C. § 485
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