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22 U.S.C. § 9808 — Authorization of appropriations
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Prevention and Stabilization Fund**
(1) **Establishment** — There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund, which shall be known as the “Prevention and Stabilization Fund” (in this subsection referred to as “The Fund”), to be administered by the Department of State and USAID, as appropriate, to support stabilization of conflict-affected areas and to mitigate fragility, including through the Global Fragility Strategy established pursuant to [section 9803 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9803&num=0&edition=prelim), which shall replace the Relief and Recovery Fund.
(2) **Authorization of appropriations** — There is authorized to be appropriated to the Fund $200,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2020 through 2024.
(3) **Purposes of the Fund**
(A) *In general* — Amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Fund shall be used—
(i) to support stabilization of conflict-affected areas and prevent global fragility, including through the Global Fragility Strategy established pursuant to [section 9803 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9803&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(ii) to provide assistance to areas liberated or at risk from, or under the control of, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, other terrorist organizations, or violent extremist organizations, including for stabilization assistance for vulnerable ethnic and religious minority communities affected by conflict.
(B) *Amounts in addition* — Amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Fund under this section are in addition to any funds otherwise made available for the purposes described in paragraph (1).
(4) **Congressional notification** — Funds may not be obligat
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 105, § 9808; chapter-105-global-fragility.md
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**(a) Prevention and Stabilization Fund**
(1) **Establishment** — There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund, which shall be known as the “Prevention and Stabilization Fund” (in this subsection referred to as “The Fund”), to be administered by the Department of State and USAID, as appropriate, to support stabilization of conflict-affected areas and to mitigate fragility, including through the Global Fragility Strategy established pursuant to [section 9803 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9803&num=0&edition=prelim), which shall replace the Relief and Recovery Fund.
(2) **Authorization of appropriations** — There is authorized to be appropriated to the Fund $200,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2020 through 2024.
(3) **Purposes of the Fund**
(A) *In general* — Amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Fund shall be used—
(i) to support stabilization of conflict-affected areas and prevent global fragility, including through the Global Fragility Strategy established pursuant to [section 9803 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9803&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(ii) to provide assistance to areas liberated or at risk from, or under the control of, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, other terrorist organizations, or violent extremist organizations, including for stabilization assistance for vulnerable ethnic and religious minority communities affected by conflict.
(B) *Amounts in addition* — Amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Fund under this section are in addition to any funds otherwise made available for the purposes described in paragraph (1).
(4) **Congressional notification** — Funds may not be obligated under this section unless the congressional committees specified in section 634A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ([22 U.S.C. 2394–1](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2394-1&num=0&edition=prelim)) are notified of the amount and nature of such proposed obligation at least 15 days in advance of such proposed obligation, in accordance with the procedures applicable to notifications regarding reprogrammings pursuant to such section.
**(b) Complex Crisis Fund**
(1) **Establishment** — There is established in the Treasury of the United States a fund, which shall be known as the “Complex Crises Fund” (in this subsection referred to as the “Fund”), to be administered by USAID, to support programs and activities to prevent or respond to emerging or unforeseen events overseas, including to support the Global Fragility Strategy established pursuant to [section 9803 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9803&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Authorization of appropriations** — There is authorized to be appropriated to the Fund $30,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2020 through 2024, which shall remain available until expended.
(3) **Purposes of the Fund**
(A) *In general* — Notwithstanding any other provision of law, except section 620M of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ([22 U.S.C. 2378d](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2378d&num=0&edition=prelim)), amounts in the Fund may be used to carry out the provisions of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ([22 U.S.C. 2151](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2151&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) to support programs and activities to prevent or respond to emerging or unforeseen foreign challenges and complex crises overseas, including through the Global Fragility Strategy established pursuant to [section 9803 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9803&num=0&edition=prelim).
(B) *Amounts in addition* — Amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Fund are in addition to any amounts otherwise made available for the purposes described in subparagraph (A).
(4) **Limitations**
(A) *In general* — Amounts in the Fund may not be expended for lethal assistance or to respond to natural disasters.
(B) *Administrative expenses* — Not more than five percent of the amounts in the Fund may be used for administrative expenses.
(5) **Congressional notification** — The United States Agency for International Development shall notify the appropriate congressional committees not less than five days prior to the obligation of amounts in the Fund.
(6) **Waiver** — The notification requirement under paragraph (5) may be waived if—
(A) notification by the deadline specified in such paragraph would pose a substantial risk to human health or welfare; and
(B) the appropriate congressional committees—
(i) are notified as early as practicable but in no event later than three days after an obligation of amounts from the Fund; and
(ii) are provided with an explanation of the emergency circumstances that necessitated such waiver.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** No assistance shall be furnished under this chapter or the Arms Export Control Act [[22 U.S.C. 2751](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2751&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] to any unit of the security forces of a foreign country if the Secretary of State has credible information that such unit has committed a gross violation of human rights.
**(b) Exception** The prohibition in subsection (a) shall not apply if the Secretary determines and reports to the appropriate congressional committees that the government of such country is taking effective steps to bring the responsible members of the security forces unit to justice.
**(c) Duty to inform**
(1) If assistance to a foreign security force is provided in a manner in which the recipient unit or units cannot be identified prior to the transfer of assistance, the Secretary of State shall regularly provide a list of units prohibited from receiving assistance pursuant to this section to the recipient government and the appropriate congressional committees and, effective December 31, 2022, such assistance shall only be made available subject to a written agreement that the recipient government will comply with such prohibition.
(2) If the recipient government withholds assistance from a unit pursuant to this section, the Secretary shall inform the appropriate congressional committees and shall, to the maximum extent practicable, assist the foreign government in bringing the responsible members of the unit to justice.
**(d) Credible information** The Secretary shall establish, and periodically update, procedures to—
(1) ensure that for each country the Department of State has a current list of all security force units receiving United States training, equipment,
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2378d
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(a) United States development cooperation policy
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2151
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Strategy** The President, in coordination with the Secretary of State, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development (“USAID”), the Secretary of Defense, and the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall establish a comprehensive, integrated, ten-year strategy, to be referred to as the “Global Fragility Strategy”, to contribute to the stabilization of conflict-affected areas, address global fragility, and strengthen the capacity of the United States to be an effective leader of international efforts to prevent extremism and violent conflict. The strategy shall focus on addressing long-term causes of fragility and violence, and shall—
(1) consider the causes of fragility and violence at both the local and national levels, the external actors that reinforce and exploit such conditions, and successful prevention strategies and their key features;
(2) include specific objectives and multisectoral approaches to reduce fragility and the causes of violence, including those that strengthen state-society relations, curb extremist ideology, and make society less vulnerable to the spread of extremism and violence;
(3) encourage and empower local and national actors to address the concerns of their citizens, including those in vulnerable communities, and build community resilience against violence and extremism;
(4) address the long-term underlying causes of fragility and violence through participatory, locally led programs, empowering marginalized groups such as youth and women, inclusive dialogues and conflict resolutions processes, justice sector reform, good governance, inclusive and accountable service delivery, and community policing and civilian security, including by combatting impunity for security forces implic
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 9803
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Sense of Congress** It is the sense of Congress that the President, the Secretary of State, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, the Secretary of Defense, and the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies should—
(1) develop more adaptive and responsive policy and program planning, implementation, and scaling under the Global Fragility Strategy established pursuant to [section 9803 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9803&num=0&edition=prelim), and work with the appropriate congressional committees to identify any legislative changes that may be necessary to support such efforts;
(2) better integrate the strategy and other conflict and violence reduction objectives and activities into other policy and program areas, where appropriate; and
(3) support transparent and accountable multilateral funds, initiatives, and strategies to enhance and better coordinate private and public efforts to stabilize conflict-affected areas and prevent violence and fragility globally.
**(b) Other funding and cost matching** The Global Fragility Strategy established pursuant to [section 9803 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9803&num=0&edition=prelim)—
(1) may, after consultation with the appropriate congressional committees, be supported with funds other than funds authorized to be appropriated pursuant to [section 9808 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9808&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(2) shall seek to leverage funds from sources other than the United States Government in order to promote coordination and cost-matching to the maximum extent practicable.
**(c
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 9809
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 532
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2151
Sec.
2394a.
Extortion and illegal payments to offi-
cials of foreign countries receiving
international security assistance.
2394b.
HELP Commission.
2394c.
Information on covered United States
foreign assistance programs.
2395.
General authorities.
2395a.
International
agreements
concerning
debt relief; transmittal to congres-
sional committees.
2396.
Availability of funds.
2396a.
Property Management Fund.
2396b.
USAID Buying Power Maintenance Ac-
count.
2397.
Administrative expenses.
2398.
Assistance to countries pursuant to
other statutes.
2399 to 2399a. Repealed or Transferred.
2399b.
False claims and ineligible commodities.
2399c.
Coordination of policies and programs.
2399d.
Shipping differential.
PART III—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
2401.
Effective date; identification of pro-
grams.
2402.
Saving provisions.
2403.
Definitions.
2404.
Unexpended balances.
2405.
Separability.
2406.
Development programs for dependable
fuel supplies.
2407.
Special authorization for use of foreign
currencies.
2408.
Repealed.
2409.
Use of United States Armed Forces.
2410, 2410a.
Repealed.
2411.
Limitation upon exercise of special au-
thorities.
2412.
Limitation on foreign assistance appro-
priations.
2413.
Changes in allocation of foreign assist-
ance.
2414.
Presidential findings and determina-
tions.
2414a.
Annual report to Congress on voting
practices at United Nations.
2415.
Annual military assistance report.
2416.
Annual foreign military training report.
2417 to 2419.
Repealed.
2420.
Police training prohibition.
2421.
Trade and Development Agency.
2421a.
Capital projects office within Agency for
International Development.
2421b.
Capital projects for
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2151
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2151. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 882
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2378d
‘‘(2) the Committee on Appropriations and the Com-
mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.’’
§ 2378d. Limitation on assistance to security
forces
(a) In general
No assistance shall be furnished under this
chapter or the Arms Export Control Act [22
U.S.C. 2751 et seq.] to any unit of the security
forces of a foreign country if the Secretary of
State has credible information that such unit
has committed a gross violation of human
rights.
(b) Exception
The prohibition in subsection (a) shall not
apply if the Secretary determines and reports to
the appropriate congressional committees that
the government of such country is taking effec-
tive steps to bring the responsible members of
the security forces unit to justice.
(c) Duty to inform
(1) If assistance to a foreign security force is
provided in a manner in which the recipient unit
or units cannot be identified prior to the trans-
fer of assistance, the Secretary of State shall
regularly provide a list of units prohibited from
receiving assistance pursuant to this section to
the recipient government and the appropriate
congressional committees and, effective Decem-
ber 31, 2022, such assistance shall only be made
available subject to a written agreement that
the recipient government will comply with such
prohibition.
(2) If the recipient government withholds as-
sistance from a unit pursuant to this section,
the Secretary shall inform the appropriate con-
gressional committees and shall, to the max-
imum extent practicable, assist the foreign gov-
ernment in bringing the responsible members of
the unit to justice.
(d) Credible information
The Secretary shall establish, and periodically
update, procedures to—
(1) ensure that for
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2378d
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2378d. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Annual report to Congress on programs having impact on developing countries; contents** In order that the Congress and the American people may be better and more currently informed regarding American foreign policy and the effectiveness of assistance provided by the United States Government to other countries and to international organizations, the Chairman of the Development Coordination Committee shall prepare and transmit to the Congress, no later than February 1 of each year, as a part of the annual presentation materials for foreign assistance, a report as described in this subsection. This report shall include—
(1)
(A) a comprehensive and coordinated review of all United States policies and programs having a major impact on the development of developing countries, including but not limited to bilateral and multilateral assistance, trade, debt, employment, food, energy, technology, population, oceans, environment, human settlements, natural resources, and participation in international agencies concerned with development;
(B) an assessment of the impact of such policies and programs on the well-being of the poor majority in developing countries in accordance with the policy objectives of part I of subchapter I of this chapter, including increasing life expectancy and literacy, lowering infant mortality and birth rates, and increasing food production and employment, such assessment to include an evaluation of the extent to which programs under part I of subchapter I of this chapter directly benefit the poor majority; and
(C) an assessment of the impact of such policies and programs on economic conditions in the United States, including but not limited to employment, wages, and working conditions;
(2) the dollar value of all foreign assistance and gu
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2394
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 22 U.S.C. § 2394. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 902
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 2393a
appropriated for fiscal year 1984 and for prior fiscal
years, and shall suspend the application of the provi-
sions of section 1405 of the National Defense Authoriza-
tion Act for Fiscal Year 1991, and amendments con-
tained therein, through September 30, 1992.
You are authorized and directed to publish this deter-
mination in the Federal Register.
GEORGE BUSH.
§ 2393a. Requests by Government Accountability
Office and Congressional committees for doc-
uments and materials
None of the funds made available pursuant to
the provisions of this chapter shall be used to
carry out any provision of this chapter in any
country or with respect to any project or activ-
ity, after the expiration of the thirty-five-day
period which begins on the date the Government
Accountability Office or any committee of the
Congress charged with considering legislation,
appropriations or expenditures under this chap-
ter, has delivered to the office of the head of any
agency carrying out such provision, a written
request that it be furnished any document,
paper, communication, audit, review, finding,
recommendation, report, or other material in its
custody or control relating to the administra-
tion of such provision in such country or with
respect to such project or activity, unless and
until there has been furnished to the Govern-
ment Accountability Office, or to such com-
mittee, as the case may be, (1) the document,
paper, communication, audit, review, finding,
recommendation, report, or other material so
requested, or (2) a certification by the President
that he has forbidden the furnishing thereof pur-
suant to request and his reason for so doing.
(Pub. L. 87–195, pt. III, § 633A, as added Pub. L.
95–424,
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 2394
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2303
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 9808
for each such country or region will be incor-
porated into relevant United States country or
regional plans and strategies, including the
National Security Strategy of the United
States, the Stabilization Assistance Review,
Department
of
State
Integrated
Country
Strategies, USAID Country Development Co-
operation Strategies, and Department of De-
fense Campaign Plans, Operational Plans, and
Regional Strategies, as well as any equivalent
or successor plans or strategies.
(5) Interagency plans to ensure that appro-
priate local actors, including government and
civil society entities, have an appropriate
ownership stake in developing, implementing,
monitoring, and evaluating relevant activities
under each such plan.
(6) Interagency plans to integrate existing
and planned security assistance and coopera-
tion programs in each such country or region
with the strategy, and to mitigate risks asso-
ciated with such programs, including risks re-
lated to corruption, governance, and human
rights.
(7) Assessment, monitoring, and evaluation
frameworks for diplomatic, development, and
security assistance and activities, which shall
be informed by consultations with the stake-
holders specified in section 9803(b) of this title,
with clear metrics for each such country or re-
gion, as well as interagency plans for using
such frameworks to adapt such activities on a
regular basis.
(8) Descriptions of available policy tools and
how such tools will be used to reduce fragility,
prevent the spread of extremism and violence,
and stabilize conflict-affected areas in each
such country or region.
(9) A description of how planning and imple-
mentation of assistance under the Global Fra-
gility Strategy
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 9808
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.