7 U.S.C. § 3103 — Definitions

Page 1554 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 3102 2029, which provided for the establishment of a task force to review the Agricultural Research Service and to evaluate the merits of establishing one or more Na- tional Institutes related to food and agricultural science, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, § 7506, Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4823. § 3102. Additional purposes of agricultural re- search and extension The purposes of this chapter are to— (1) establish firmly the Department of Agri- culture as the lead agency in the Federal Gov- ernment for the food and agricultural sciences, and to emphasize that agricultural research, extension, and teaching are distinct missions of the Department of Agriculture; (2) undertake the special measures set forth in this chapter to improve the coordination and planning of agricultural research, exten- sion, and teaching programs, identify needs and establish priorities for these programs, as- sure that national agricultural research, ex- tension, and teaching objectives are fully achieved, and assure that the results of agri- cultural research are effectively commu- nicated and demonstrated to farmers, proc- essors, handlers, consumers, and all other users who can benefit therefrom; (3) increase cooperation and coordination in the performance of agricultural research by Federal departments and agencies, the States, State agricultural experiment stations, col- leges and universities, and user groups; (4) enable the Federal Government, the States, colleges and universities, and others to implement needed agricultural research, ex- tension, and teaching programs, through the establishment of new programs and the im- provement of existing programs, as provided for in this chapter; (5) establish a new program of grants for high-priority agricultural research to be awarded on the basis of competition among re- search workers and all colleges and univer- sities; (6) establish a new program of grants for fa- cilities and instrumentation used in agricul- tural research; and (7) establish a new program of education grants and fellowships to strengthen research, extension, and teaching programs in the food and agricultural sciences, to be awarded on the basis of competition. (Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, § 1403, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 983; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, § 1403, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1296; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1602(b), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3705.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original this ‘‘title’’, meaning title XIV of Pub. L. 95–113, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 981, which enacted this chapter and sections 2669 and 2670 of this title, amended sections 341, 342, 343, 361c, 390 to 390j, 1923, 1942, 2662, 2663, 2667, 3104, and 3157 of this title and section 6651 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and repealed section 390k of this title. For complete classification of such title to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3101 of this title and Tables. AMENDMENTS 1990—Pub. L. 101–624 amended section catchline gen- erally. 1981—Par. (2). Pub. L. 97–98, § 1403(1), inserted ‘‘exten- sion, and teaching programs,’’ and substituted ‘‘these programs’’ for ‘‘such research, assure that high priority research is given adequate funding’’. Par. (4). Pub. L. 97–98, § 1403(2), substituted ‘‘programs through’’ for ‘‘programs, including the initiatives spec- ified in section 3101(8) of this title, through’’. Par. (5). Pub. L. 97–98, § 1403(3), substituted ‘‘among research workers’’ for ‘‘among scientific research work- ers’’. Par. (7). Pub. L. 97–98, § 1403(4), substituted ‘‘research, extension, and teaching’’ for ‘‘training and research’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1981 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amend- ment note under section 1307 of this title. § 3103. Definitions When used in this chapter: (1) The term ‘‘Advisory Board’’ means the National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board. (2) The term ‘‘agricultural research’’ means research in the food and agricultural sciences. (3) The term ‘‘aquaculture’’ means the prop- agation and rearing of aquacultural species, including, but not limited to, any species of finfish, mollusk, or crustacean (or other aquatic invertebrate), amphibian, reptile, or- namental fish, or aquatic plant, in controlled or selected environments. (4) COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The terms ‘‘college’’ and ‘‘university’’ mean an educational institu- tion in any State which (i) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing sec- ondary education, or the recognized equiva- lent of such a certificate, (ii) is legally au- thorized within such State to provide a pro- gram of education beyond secondary edu- cation, (iii) provides an educational program for which a bachelor’s degree or any other higher degree is awarded, (iv) is a public or other nonprofit institution, and (v) is ac- credited by a nationally recognized accred- iting agency or association. (B) INCLUSIONS.—The terms ‘‘college’’ and ‘‘university’’ include a research foundation maintained by a college or university de- scribed in subparagraph (A). (5) COOPERATING FORESTRY SCHOOL.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘cooperating forestry school’’ means an institution— (i) that is eligible to receive funds under Public Law 87–788 (commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act; 16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.); and (ii) with respect to which the Secretary has not received a declaration of the in- tent of that institution to not be consid- ered a cooperating forestry school. Page 1555 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 3103 (B) TERMINATION OF DECLARATION.—A dec- laration of the intent of an institution to not be considered a cooperating forestry school submitted to the Secretary shall be in effect until September 30, 2018. (6) The term ‘‘cooperative extension serv- ices’’ means the organizations established at the land-grant colleges and universities under the Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. 372–374, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 341–349), and sec- tion 209(b) of the Act of October 26, 1974 (88 Stat. 1428, as amended; D.C. Code, sec. 31–1719(b)). (7) The term ‘‘Department of Agriculture’’ means the United States Department of Agri- culture. (8) The term ‘‘extension’’ means the infor- mal education programs conducted in the States in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture. (9) FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES.—The term ‘‘food and agricultural sciences’’ means basic, applied, and developmental research, ex- tension, and teaching activities in food and fiber, agricultural, renewable energy and nat- ural resources, forestry, and physical and so- cial sciences, including activities relating to the following: (A) Animal health, production, and well- being. (B) Plant health and production. (C) Animal and plant germ plasm collec- tion and preservation. (D) Aquaculture. (E) Food safety. (F) Soil, water, and related resource con- servation and improvement. (G) Forestry, horticulture, and range man- agement. (H) Nutritional sciences and promotion. (I) Farm enhancement, including financial management, input efficiency, and profit- ability. (J) Home economics. (K) Rural human ecology. (L) Youth development and agricultural education, including 4–H clubs. (M) Expansion of domestic and inter- national markets for agricultural commod- ities and products, including agricultural trade barrier identification and analysis. (N) Information management and tech- nology transfer related to agriculture. (O) Biotechnology related to agriculture. (P) The processing, distributing, mar- keting, and utilization of food and agricul- tural products. (10) HISPANIC-SERVING AGRICULTURAL COL- LEGES AND UNIVERSITIES.— (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘Hispanic-serv- ing agricultural colleges and universities’’ means colleges or universities— (i) that qualify as Hispanic-serving insti- tutions; (ii) that offer associate, bachelors, or other accredited degree programs in agri- culture-related fields; and (iii) with respect to which the Secretary has not received a declaration of the in- tent of a college or university to not be considered a Hispanic-serving agricultural college or university. (B) EXCEPTION.—The term ‘‘Hispanic-serv- ing agricultural colleges and universities’’ does not include 1862 institutions (as defined in section 7601 of this title). (C) TERMINATION OF DECLARATION OF IN- TENT.—A declaration of the intent of a col- lege or university to not be considered a His- panic-serving agricultural college or univer- sity submitted to the Secretary shall be in effect until September 30, 2018. (11) HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTION.—The term ‘‘Hispanic-serving institution’’ has the meaning given the term in section 1101a of title 20. (12) INSULAR AREA.—The term ‘‘insular area’’ means— (A) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; (B) Guam; (C) American Samoa; (D) the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; (E) the Federated States of Micronesia; (F) the Republic of the Marshall Islands; (G) the Republic of Palau; and (H) the Virgin Islands of the United States. (13) The term ‘‘land-grant colleges and uni- versities’’ means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of July 2, 1862 (12 Stat. 503–505, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 301–305, 307 and 308), or the Act of August 30, 1890 (26 Stat. 417–419, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 321–326 and 328), including Tuskegee University. (14) NLGCA INSTITUTION; NON-LAND-GRANT COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE.— (A) IN GENERAL.— (i) DEFINITION.—The terms ‘‘NLGCA In- stitution’’ and ‘‘non-land-grant college of agriculture’’ mean a public college or uni- versity offering a baccalaureate or higher degree in the study of agricultural sciences, forestry, or both in any area of study specified in clause (ii). (ii) CLARIFICATION.—For purposes of clause (i), an area of study specified in this clause is any of the following: (I) Agriculture. (II) Agricultural business and manage- ment. (III) Agricultural economics. (IV) Agricultural mechanization. (V) Agricultural production oper- ations. (VI) Aquaculture. (VII) Agricultural and food products processing. (VIII) Agricultural and domestic ani- mal services. (IX) Equestrian or equine studies. (X) Applied horticulture or horti- culture operations. (XI) Ornamental horticulture. (XII) Greenhouse operations and man- agement. (XIII) Turf and turfgrass management. (XIV) Plant nursery operations and management. (XV) Floriculture or floristry oper- ations and management. Page 1556 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 3103 (XVI) International agriculture. (XVII) Agricultural public services. (XVIII) Agricultural and extension education services. (XIX) Agricultural communication or agricultural journalism. (XX) Animal sciences. (XXI) Food science. (XXII) Plant sciences. (XXIII) Soil sciences. (XXIV) Forestry. (XXV) Forest sciences and biology. (XXVI) Natural resources or conserva- tion. (XXVII) Natural resources manage- ment and policy. (XXVIII) Natural resource economics. (XXIX) Urban forestry. (XXX) Wood science and wood products or pulp or paper technology. (XXXI) Range science and manage- ment. (XXXII) Agricultural engineering. (XXXIII) Any other area, as deter- mined appropriate by the Secretary. (B) DESIGNATION.—Not later than 90 days after Feb. 7, 2014, the Secretary shall estab- lish an ongoing process through which public colleges or universities may apply for des- ignation as an NLGCA Institution. (C) EXCLUSIONS.—The terms ‘‘NLGCA In- stitution’’ and ‘‘non-land-grant college of agriculture’’ do not include any institution designated under— (i) the Act of July 2, 1862 (commonly known as the ‘‘First Morrill Act’’; 7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.); (ii) the Act of August 30, 1890 (commonly known as the ‘‘Second Morrill Act’’) (7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.); or (iii) the Equity in Educational Land- Grant Status Act of 1994 (Public Law 103–382; 7 U.S.C. 301 note). (15) The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Sec- retary of Agriculture of the United States. (16) STATE.—The term ‘‘State’’ means— (A) a State; (B) the District of Columbia; and (C) any insular area. (17) The term ‘‘State agricultural experi- ment stations’’ means those institutions eligi- ble to receive funds under the Act of March 2, 1887 (24 Stat. 440–442, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 361a–361i). (18) The term ‘‘State cooperative institu- tions’’ or ‘‘State cooperative agents’’ means institutions or agents designated by— (A) the Act of July 2, 1862 (7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.), commonly known as the First Morrill Act; (B) the Act of August 30, 1890 (7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.), commonly known as the Second Morrill Act, including Tuskegee University; (C) the Act of March 2, 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.), commonly known as the Hatch Act of 1887; (D) the Act of May 8, 1914 (7 U.S.C. 341 et seq.), commonly known as the Smith-Lever Act; (E) the Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962; (F) section 3192 of this title; and (G) subchapters VI, XI, and XII of this chapter. (19) The term ‘‘sustainable agriculture’’ means an integrated system of plant and ani- mal production practices having a site-specific application that will, over the long-term— (A) satisfy human food and fiber needs; (B) enhance environmental quality and the natural resource base upon which the agri- culture economy depends; (C) make the most efficient use of non- renewable resources and on-farm resources and integrate, where appropriate, natural bi- ological cycles and controls; (D) sustain the economic viability of farm operations; and (E) enhance the quality of life for farmers and society as a whole. (20) TEACHING AND EDUCATION.—The terms ‘‘teaching’’ and ‘‘education’’ mean formal classroom instruction, laboratory instruction, and practicum experience in the food and agri- cultural sciences and matters relating thereto (such as faculty development, student recruit- ment and services, curriculum development, instructional materials and equipment, and innovative teaching methodologies) conducted by colleges and universities offering bacca- laureate or higher degrees. (Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, § 1404, Sept. 29, 1977, 91 Stat. 983; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, § 1404, Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1297; Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, § 1403, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1544; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1603, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3705; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, § 402(3), Dec. 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1863; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, §§ 802(b)(1), 815(b), 820(a), 853(b)(1), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1159, 1167, 1168, 1172; Pub. L. 105–185, title II, §§ 221, 226(c)(1), June 23, 1998, 112 Stat. 537, 543; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, § 7502(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 463; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, § 7101(a), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1212; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title VII, § 7101(a), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1973; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, §§ 7101, 7111(b)(1), Feb. 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 862, 873; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, § 7102(a), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4779.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT For definition of ‘‘this chapter’’, referred to in text, see note set out under section 3102 of this title. Public Law 87–788 or Act of October 10, 1962, referred to in pars. (5)(A)(i) and (18)(E), is Pub. L. 87–788, Oct. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 806, popularly known as the ‘‘McIntire- Stennis Act of 1962’’ and also as the ‘‘McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act’’, which is classified gen- erally to subchapter III (§ 582a et seq.) of chapter 3 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 582a of Title 16 and Tables. The Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914, referred to in pars. (6) and (18)(D), is act May 8, 1914, ch. 79, 38 Stat. 372, which is classified generally to subchapter IV (§ 341 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classi- fication of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 341 of this title and Tables. Act of July 2, 1862, 12 Stat. 503, referred to in pars. (13), (14)(C)(ii)(I), and (18)(A), is popularly known as the ‘‘Morrill Act’’ and also as the ‘‘First Morrill Act’’, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 301 et Page 1557 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 3103 seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classifica- tion of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 301 of this title and Tables. Act of August 30, 1890, 26 Stat. 417, referred to in pars. (13), (14)(C)(ii)(II), and (18)(B), is popularly known as the ‘‘Agricultural College Act of 1890’’ and also as the ‘‘Second Morrill Act’’, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 321 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 321 of this title and Tables. The Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994, referred to in par. (14)(C)(ii)(III), is Pub. L. 103–382, title V, part C, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4048, which is set out as a note under section 301 of this title. For com- plete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. Act of March 2, 1887, referred to in pars. (17) and (18)(C), is act Mar. 2, 1887, ch. 314, 24 Stat. 440, popularly known as the Hatch Act of 1887, which is classified gen- erally to sections 361a to 361i of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 361a of this title and Tables. CODIFICATION Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246. AMENDMENTS 2018—Par. (14)(A). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7102(a)(1), amend- ed subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘The terms ‘NLGCA Institution’ and ‘non- land-grant college of agriculture’ mean a public college or university offering a baccalaureate or higher degree in the study of food and agricultural sciences.’’ Par. (14)(C). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7102(a)(2), inserted ‘‘any institution designated under’’ after ‘‘include’’ in intro- ductory provisions, redesignated subcls. (I) to (III) of cl. (ii) as cls. (i) to (iii), respectively, and struck out former cl. (i), which read ‘‘Hispanic-serving agricul- tural colleges and universities; or’’, introductory provi- sions of former cl. (ii) which read ‘‘any institution des- ignated under—’’, and subcl. (IV) of former cl. (ii) which read ‘‘Public Law 87–788 (commonly known as the ‘McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Act’) (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.).’’ 2014—Par. (5). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7101(1), added par. (5) and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: ‘‘The term ‘cooperating forestry schools’ means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962.’’ Par. (10)(A). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7101(2)(A), struck out ‘‘that’’ after ‘‘colleges or universities’’ in introductory provisions, inserted ‘‘that’’ before ‘‘qualify’’ in cl. (i) and before ‘‘offer’’ in cl. (ii), and added cl. (iii). Par. (10)(C). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7101(2)(B), added subpar. (C). Par. (14)(A). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7101(3)(A), substituted ‘‘food and agricultural sciences’’ for ‘‘agriculture or forestry’’. Par. (14)(B), (C). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7101(3)(B), (C), added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C). Par. (18)(F). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7111(b)(1)(A), (D), added subpar. (F). Former subpar. (F) redesignated (G). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7111(b)(1)(B), substituted ‘‘sub- chapters VI,’’ for ‘‘subchapters V, VI,’’. Par. (18)(G). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7111(b)(1)(C), redesig- nated subpar. (F) as (G). 2008—Par. (4). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7101(a)(1), inserted par. heading, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted subpar. heading, redesignated former subpars. (A) to (E) as cls. (i) to (v), respectively, of subpar. (A), and added subpar. (B). Pars. (5) to (8). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7101(a)(2), designated pars. (16) and (5) to (7) as (5) to (8), respectively. Former par. (8) redesignated (9). Par. (9). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7101(a)(2), (3), redesignated par. (8) as (9), substituted ‘‘renewable energy and nat- ural resources’’ for ‘‘renewable natural resources’’ in introductory provisions, added subpar. (F), and struck out former subpar. (F) which read as follows: ‘‘Soil and water conservation and improvement.’’ Former par. (9) redesignated (11). Par. (10). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7101(a)(4), added par. (10). Former par. (10) redesignated (12). Par. (11). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7101(a)(5), added par. (11) and struck out former par. (11) which read as follows: ‘‘The term ‘Hispanic-serving institution’ has the mean- ing given the term by section 1059c(b)(1) of title 20.’’ Pub. L. 110–246, § 7101(a)(2), redesignated par. (9) as (11). Former par. (11) redesignated (13). Pars. (12), (13). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7101(a)(2), redesig- nated pars. (10) and (11) as (12) and (13), respectively. Former pars. (12) and (13) redesignated (15) and (16), re- spectively. Par. (14). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7101(a)(6), added par. (14). Former par. (14) redesignated (17). Pars. (15) to (20). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7101(a)(2), redesig- nated pars. (12) to (14), (17), (18), and (15) as (15) to (20), respectively. Former par. (16) redesignated (5). 2002—Pars. (10) to (12). Pub. L. 107–171, § 7502(a)(1), (2), redesignated pars. (10) and (11) as (11) and (12), respec- tively, and added par. (10). Former par. (12) redesig- nated (13). Par. (13). Pub. L. 107–171, § 7502(a)(3), added par. (13) and struck out former par. (13) which read as follows: ‘‘The term ‘State’ means any one of the fifty States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and the District of Colum- bia.’’ Pub. L. 107–171, § 7502(a)(1), redesignated par. (12) as (13). Former par. (13) redesignated (14). Pars. (14) to (18). Pub. L. 107–171, § 7502(a)(1), redesig- nated pars. (13) to (17) as (14) to (18), respectively. 1998—Pub. L. 105–185, § 221(c)(1), substituted ‘‘chap- ter:’’ for ‘‘chapter—’’ in introductory provisions. Pars. (1) to (3). Pub. L. 105–185, § 221(c)(2), (5), sub- stituted ‘‘The term’’ for ‘‘the term’’ and period for semicolon at end. Par. (4). Pub. L. 105–185, § 221(c)(3), (5), substituted ‘‘The terms’’ for ‘‘the terms’’ and period for semicolon at end. Pars. (5) to (7). Pub. L. 105–185, § 221(c)(2), (5), sub- stituted ‘‘The term’’ for ‘‘the term’’ and period for semicolon at end. Par. (8). Pub. L. 105–185, § 221(a), added par. (8) and struck out former par. (8) which defined term ‘‘food and agricultural sciences’’ in broadest sense of terms, in- cluding but not limited to activities relating to agri- culture, food processing, forestry, acquaculture, home economics, rural community welfare, youth develop- ment, market expansion, improvement of productivity, and international food and agricultural issues. Par. (9). Pub. L. 105–185, § 221(c)(4), (5), substituted ‘‘The term’’ for ‘‘the term’’ after ‘‘(9)’’ and substituted period for semicolon at end. Par. (10). Pub. L. 105–185, §§ 221(c)(2), (5), 226(c)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘The term’’ for ‘‘the term’’, ‘‘Tuskegee Univer- sity’’ for ‘‘the Tuskegee Institute’’, and period for semi- colon at end. Pars. (11) to (13). Pub. L. 105–185, § 221(c)(2), (5), sub- stituted ‘‘The term’’ for ‘‘the term’’ and period for semicolon at end. Par. (14). Pub. L. 105–185, § 221(b), (c)(5), inserted par. heading, substituted ‘‘The terms ‘teaching’ and ‘edu- cation’ mean’’ for ‘‘the term ‘teaching’ means’’, and substituted period for semicolon at end. Par. (15). Pub. L. 105–185, § 221(c)(2), (5), substituted ‘‘The term’’ for ‘‘the term’’ and period for semicolon at end. Par. (16). Pub. L. 105–185, § 221(c)(2), substituted ‘‘The term’’ for ‘‘the term’’ in introductory provisions. Par. (16)(B). Pub. L. 105–185, § 226(c)(1), substituted ‘‘Tuskegee University’’ for ‘‘the Tuskegee Institute’’. Par. (16)(F). Pub. L. 105–185, § 221(c)(6), substituted pe- riod for ‘‘; and’’ at end. Page 1558 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 3104 Par. (17). Pub. L. 105–185, § 221(c)(2), substituted ‘‘The term’’ for ‘‘the term’’. 1996—Par. (1). Pub. L. 104–127, § 802(b)(1), substituted ‘‘National Agricultural Research, Extension, Edu- cation, and Economics Advisory Board’’ for ‘‘National Agricultural Research and Extension Users Advisory Board’’. Par. (3). Pub. L. 104–127, § 820(a), inserted ‘‘ornamental fish,’’ after ‘‘reptile,’’. Par. (9). Pub. L. 104–127, § 815(b), amended par. (9) gen- erally. Prior to amendment, par. (9) read as follows: ‘‘the term ‘Joint Council’ means the Joint Council on Food and Agricultural Sciences;’’. Pars. (16) to (18). Pub. L. 104–127, § 853(b)(1), inserted ‘‘and’’ at end of par. (16), substituted a period for ‘‘; and’’ at end of par. (17), and struck out par. (18) which read as follows: ‘‘the term ‘Technology Board’ means the Agricultural Science and Technology Re- view Board established in section 3123a of this title.’’ 1991—Par. (18). Pub. L. 102–237 inserted ‘‘and’’ after ‘‘Science’’. 1990—Par. (16)(F). Pub. L. 101–624, § 1603(2), inserted reference to subchapter VI of this chapter. Pars. (17), (18). Pub. L. 101–624, § 1603(1), (3), added pars. (17) and (18). 1985—Par. (8)(J). Pub. L. 99–198 added subpar. (J). 1981—Par. (8). Pub. L. 97–98, § 1404(1), substituted in provision preceding subpar. (A) ‘‘basic, applied, and de- velopmental research, extension, and teaching activi- ties in the food, agricultural, renewable natural re- sources, forestry, and physical and social sciences, in the broadest sense of these terms, including but not limited to, activities relating to’’ for ‘‘sciences relating to food and agriculture in the broadest sense, including the social, economic, and political considerations of’’, in subpar. (E) ‘‘including consumer affairs, food and nu- trition, clothing and textiles, housing, and family well- being and financial management;’’ for ‘‘human nutri- tion, and family life; and’’, and in subpar. (F) ‘‘commu- nity welfare and development’’ for ‘‘and community de- velopment’’, and added subpars. (G) to (I). Par. (12). Pub. L. 97–98, § 1404(2), struck out ‘‘except as provided in subchapter VII of this chapter,’’ before ‘‘the term’’ and included within term ‘‘State’’ American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. Par. (14). Pub. L. 97–98, § 1404(4), struck out reference to laboratory training, inserted reference to practicum experience and matters relating to formal classroom instruction, laboratory instruction, and practicum ex- perience, and substituted provision that the teaching be conducted at colleges or universities offering bacca- laureate or higher degrees for provision that the teach- ing be conducted at colleges and universities leading to a baccalaureate and other recognized degrees. Pars. (15), (16). Pub. L. 97–98, § 1404(5), added pars. (15) and (16). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1981 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE Section effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 1901 of Pub. L. 95–113, set out as an Effective Date of 1977 Amend- ment note under section 1307 of this title. CONSTRUCTION OF 2002 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, § 7502(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 463, provided that: ‘‘The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall not affect any basis for distribution of funds by formula (in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [May 13, 2002]) to— ‘‘(1) the Federated States of Micronesia; ‘‘(2) the Republic of the Marshall Islands; or ‘‘(3) the Republic of Palau.’’ DESIGNATION REVIEW Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, § 7102(b), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4781, provided that: ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2018], the Secretary [of Agriculture] shall establish a process to review each designated NLGCA Institution (as defined in section 1404(14)(A) of the National Agricultural Re- search, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103(14)(A))) to ensure compliance with such sec- tion, as amended by this subsection [probably means ‘‘as amended by this section’’]. ‘‘(2) REVOCATION.—An NLGCA Institution that the Secretary determines under subparagraph (A) to be not in compliance shall have the designation of such insti- tution revoked.’’ Executive Documents TERMINATION OF TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Is- lands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions. § 3104. Agriculture research; declaration of pol- icy; duties of Secretary of Agriculture; use of existing facilities It is declared to be the policy of the Congress to promote the efficient production and utiliza- tion of products of the soil as essential to the health and welfare of our people and to promote a sound and prosperous agriculture and rural life as indispensable to the maintenance of max- imum employment and national prosperity. It is also the intent of Congress to assure agriculture a position in research equal to that of industry which will aid in maintaining an equitable bal- ance between agriculture and other sections of our economy. For the attainment of these objec- tives, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized and directed to conduct and to stimulate re- search into the laws and principles underlying the basic problems of agriculture in its broadest aspects, including but not limited to: Research relating to the improvement of the quality of, and the development of new and improved meth- ods of the production, marketing, distribution, processing, and utilization of plant and animal commodities at all stages from the original pro- ducer through to the ultimate consumer; re- search into the problems of human nutrition and the nutritive value of agricultural commodities, with particular reference to their content of vi- tamins, minerals, amino and fatty acids, and all other constituents that may be found necessary for the health of the consumer and to the gains or losses in nutritive value that may take place at any stage in their production, distribution, processing, and preparation for use by the con- sumer; research relating to the development of present, new, and extended uses and markets for agricultural commodities and byproducts as food or in commerce, manufacture, or trade, both at home and abroad, with particular ref- erence to those foods and fibers for which our