22 U.S.C. § 5425 — Use of Polish currency generated by agri-

Page 1660 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 5424 (b) Participation by Enterprise Funds and other agencies and organizations In carrying out subsection (a), the Agency for International Development may utilize the Pol- ish-American Enterprise Fund and the Hun- garian-American Enterprise Fund and other ap- propriate Government and private agencies, pro- grams, and organizations such as— (1) the Department of Agriculture; (2) the Farmer-to-Farmer Program under section 1736(a)(1) and (2) of title 7; (3) the International Executive Service Corps; (4) the Foundation for the Development of Polish Agriculture; (5) the World Council of Credit Unions; and (6) other United States, Polish, and Hun- garian private and voluntary organizations and private sector entities. (c) Nonapplicability of other provisions of law Assistance provided pursuant to subsection (a) under the authorities of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.] may be provided notwithstanding any other pro- vision of law. (d) Authorization of appropriations For purposes of implementing this section, there are authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for the 3-year period beginning Octo- ber 1, 1989, to carry out chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 and following; relating to development assist- ance), in addition to amounts otherwise avail- able for such purposes. (e) Limitation with respect to Farmer-to-Farmer Program Any activities carried out pursuant to this chapter through the Farmer-to-Farmer Program under section 1736(a)(1) and (2) of title 7 shall be funded with funds authorized to be appropriated by this chapter and local currencies made avail- able under section 5425 of this title, and shall not be funded with funds made available pursu- ant to section 1107 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1736 note) or a similar, subsequent provision of law. (Pub. L. 101–179, title II, § 203, Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1309; Pub. L. 110–246, title III, § 3001(b)(1)(A), (2)(U), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1820, 1821.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in sub- secs. (c) and (d), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424. Part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is clas- sified generally to subchapter I (§ 2151 et seq.) of chap- ter 32 of this title. Chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign As- sistance Act of 1961 is classified generally to part I (§ 2151 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 32 of this title. For provisions deeming references to subchapter I to include parts IV (§ 2346 et seq.), VI (§ 2348 et seq.), and VIII (§ 2349aa et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 32, see section 202(b) of Pub. L. 92–226, set out as a note under section 2346 of this title, and sections 2348c and 2349aa–5 of this title. For provisions deeming references to part I of subchapter I to include a reference to section 2293 of this title, see section 2293(d)(1) of this title. For com- plete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of this title and Tables. This chapter, referred to in subsec. (e), was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 101–179, Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1298, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5401 of this title and Tables. Section 1107 of the Food Security Act of 1985, referred to in subsec. (e), is section 1107 of Pub. L. 99–198, which is set out as a note under section 1736 of Title 7, Agri- culture. AMENDMENTS 2008—Subsecs. (b)(2), (e). Pub. L. 110–246 made tech- nical amendment to reference in original act which ap- pears in text as reference to section 1736(a)(1) and (2) of title 7. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, see section 4(b) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effec- tive Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agri- culture. § 5424. Peace Corps programs in Poland and Hungary There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out programs in Poland and Hungary under the Peace Corps Act [22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.], $6,000,000 for the 3-year period beginning October 1, 1989, in addition to amounts other- wise available for such purposes. Such programs shall include the use of Peace Corps volunteers— (1) to provide English language training, and (2) to extend the technical skills described in section 5423(a) of this title to the people of Po- land and Hungary, using the Associate Volun- teer Program to the extent practicable. (Pub. L. 101–179, title II, § 204, Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1310.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The Peace Corps Act, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, which is classified principally to chapter 34 (§ 2501 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables. § 5425. Use of Polish currency generated by agri- cultural assistance (a) Additional assistance for Poland A portion of the agricultural commodities de- scribed in subsection (c) may be made available and sold or bartered in Poland to generate local currencies to be used— (1) to complement the assistance for Poland authorized by sections 5413(b), 5421, and 5423 of this title, and (2) to support the activities of the joint com- mission established pursuant to section 2226 of the American Aid to Poland Act of 1988 (7 U.S.C. 1431 note), notwithstanding section 1431(b)(7) of title 7 or any other provision of law. (b) Emphasis on agricultural development The uses of local currencies generated under this section should emphasize the development Page 1661 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 5441 of agricultural infrastructure, agriculture-re- lated training, and other aspects of agricultural development in Poland. (c) Commodities subject to requirements Subsection (a) applies with respect to agricul- tural commodities made available for Poland for fiscal years 1990, 1991, and 1992 under section 1431(b) of title 7, the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1691 and following), and section 1736o of title 7. (d) Other uses not precluded The uses of agricultural commodities and local currencies specified in subsection (a) are in addition to other uses authorized by law. (Pub. L. 101–179, title II, § 205, Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1310; Pub. L. 110–246, title III, § 3001(b)(1)(A), (2)(U), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1820, 1821.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 2226 of the American Aid to Poland Act of 1988, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is section 2226 of Pub. L. 100–418, which is set out as a note under section 1431 of Title 7, Agriculture. The Food for Peace Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is act July 10, 1954, ch. 469, 68 Stat. 454, which is classified generally to chapter 41 (§ 1691 et seq.) of Title 7. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1691 of Title 7 and Tables. AMENDMENTS 2008—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–246 substituted ‘‘Food for Peace Act’’ for ‘‘Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, see section 4(b) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effec- tive Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agri- culture. § 5426. United States policy of private financial support for Polish and Hungarian credit unions (a) In general In order to facilitate the development of indig- enous credit unions in Poland and Hungary, it is the policy of the United States that— (1) United States citizens, financial institu- tions (other than federally insured depository institutions), and other persons may make contributions and loans to, make capital de- posits in, and provide other forms of financial and technical assistance to credit unions in Poland and Hungary; and (2) federally insured depository institutions may provide technical assistance to credit unions in Poland and Hungary, to the extent that the provision of such assistance is pru- dent and not inconsistent with safe and sound banking practice. (b) Omitted (c) Definitions For purposes of subsection (a)— (1) the term ‘‘credit union’’ means a mem- ber-owned, nonprofit, cooperative depository institution— (A) which is formed to permit individuals in the field of membership specified in such institution’s charter to pool their savings, lend the savings to one another, and own the organization where they save, borrow, and obtain related financial services; and (B) whose members are united by a com- mon bond and democratically operate the in- stitution; and (2) the term ‘‘federally insured depository institution’’ means— (A) any insured depository institution (as defined in section 1813(c)(2) of title 12); and (B) any insured credit union (as defined in section 1752(7) of title 12). (Pub. L. 101–179, title II, § 206, Nov. 28, 1989, 103 Stat. 1310.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section is comprised of section 206 of Pub. L. 101–179. Subsec. (b) of section 206 of Pub. L. 101–179 amended section 1757 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. SUBCHAPTER III—EDUCATIONAL, CULTURAL, AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES § 5441. Educational and cultural exchanges and sister institutions programs with Poland and Hungary (a) Educational and cultural exchanges (1) Support for expanded U.S. participation The United States should expand its partici- pation in educational and cultural exchange activities with Poland and Hungary, using the full array of existing government-funded and privately-funded programs, with particular emphasis on the J. William Fulbright Edu- cational Exchange Program, the International Visitors Program, the Samantha Smith Me- morial Exchange Program, the exchange pro- grams of the National Academy of Sciences, youth and student exchanges through such private organizations as The Experiment in International Living, The American Field Service Committee, and Youth for Under- standing, and research exchanges sponsored by the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX). (2) Emphasis on skills in business and econom- ics The United States should place particular emphasis on expanding its participation in educational exchange activities that will as- sist in developing the skills in business and ec- onomics that are necessary for the develop- ment of a free market economy in Poland and Hungary. (b) Binational Fulbright commissions The United States should take all appropriate action to establish binational Fulbright com- missions with Poland and Hungary in order to facilitate and enhance academic and scholarly exchanges with those countries.