22 U.S.C. § 6204 — Authorities of Chief Executive Officer

Page 1768 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 6204 1 So in original. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299P(c)(1), inserted ‘‘the Open Technology Fund,’’ before ‘‘the Middle East Broadcasting Networks’’. 2016—Pub. L. 114–328 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to the continued exist- ence within the Executive branch, retention of existing Board members, Inspector General authorities, com- position, term, selection, compensation, decisions, and immunity from civil liability of the Broadcasting Board of Governors. 1999—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title V, § 502(2)], which directed amendment of par. (2) by inserting ‘‘, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate’’ at end, was executed by making the insertion before period at end, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title V, § 502(1)], substituted ‘‘appoint’’ for ‘‘designate’’. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(7) [div. A, title V, § 504], added subsec. (g). 1998—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1322, amended heading and text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘There is hereby es- tablished within the United States Information Agency a Broadcasting Board of Governors (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the ‘Board’).’’ Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(b), substituted ‘‘Secretary of State’’ for ‘‘Director of the United States Information Agency’’ wherever appearing. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(b), (c), in first sen- tence, substituted ‘‘Secretary of State’’ for ‘‘Director of the United States Information Agency’’, and in last sentence, substituted ‘‘no Secretary of State’’ for ‘‘no Director of the United States Information Agency’’ and ‘‘Acting Secretary of State’’ for ‘‘acting Director of the agency’’. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(b), substituted ‘‘Secretary of State’’ for ‘‘Director of the United States Information Agency’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2021 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, § 1299P(e), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4020, provided that: ‘‘Section 309A of the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 [22 U.S.C. 6208a] (as added by subsection (b) of this sec- tion) and subsections (c) [amending this section and sections 6204 and 6209 of this title] and (d) [not classi- fied to the Code] of this section shall take effect and apply beginning on July 1, 2021.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effec- tive Date note under section 6531 of this title. REFERENCES TO BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS Pub. L. 116–94, div. G, title I, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2822, provided in part: ‘‘That any reference to the ‘Broadcasting Board of Governors’ or ‘BBG’, including in any account providing amounts to the Broadcasting Board of Governors, in any Act making appropriations for the Department of State, foreign operations, and re- lated programs enacted before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019] shall for this fiscal year, and any fiscal year thereafter, be construed to mean the ‘United States Agency for Global Media’ or ‘USAGM’, respectively.’’ § 6204. Authorities of Chief Executive Officer (a) Authorities The Chief Executive Officer shall have the fol- lowing authorities: (1) To supervise all broadcasting activities conducted pursuant to this chapter, the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act [22 U.S.C. 1465 et seq.],,1 the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act [22 U.S.C. 1465aa et seq.], and Worldnet Television, except as provided in section 6205(b) of this title. (2) To review and evaluate the mission and operation of, and to assess the quality, effec- tiveness, and professional integrity of, all such activities within the context of the broad for- eign policy objectives of the United States. (3) To ensure that United States inter- national broadcasting is conducted in accord- ance with the standards and principles con- tained in section 6202 of this title. (4) To review, evaluate, and determine, at least annually, after consultation with the Secretary of State, the addition or deletion of language services. (5) To make and supervise grants and coop- erative agreements for broadcasting and re- lated activities in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter and on behalf of other agencies, accordingly. (6) To allocate funds appropriated for inter- national broadcasting activities among the various elements of the Agency and grantees, subject to reprogramming notification re- quirements in law for the reallocation of funds. (7) To review engineering activities to en- sure that all broadcasting elements receive the highest quality and cost-effective delivery services. (8) To undertake such studies as may be nec- essary to identify areas in which broadcasting activities under its authority could be made more efficient and economical. (9) To submit to the President and the Con- gress an annual report which summarizes and evaluates activities under this chapter, the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act [22 U.S.C. 1465 et seq.], and the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act [22 U.S.C. 1465aa et seq.]. Each an- nual report shall place special emphasis on the assessment described in paragraph (2). (10) To the extent considered necessary to carry out the functions of the Chief Executive Officer, procure, rent, or lease supplies, serv- ices, and other property for journalism, media, production, and broadcasting, and related sup- port services, notwithstanding any other pro- vision of law relating to such acquisition, rental, or lease, and under the same terms and conditions as authorized under section 501(b) of the United States Information and Edu- cational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1461(b)), and for multiyear contracts and leases for periods of up to 20 years subject to the requirements of subsections (b) through (f) of section 3903 of title 41. (11) To appoint such personnel for the Chief Executive Officer as the Chief Executive Offi- cer may determine to be necessary, which shall not be subject to the provisions of title 5 governing appointments in the competitive service, and to fix their compensation in ac- cordance with the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relat- ing to classification and General Schedule pay rates. Page 1769 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 6204 2 So in original. See 2016 Amendment note below. 3 So in original. The period and quotation marks preceding the semicolon probably should not appear. (12) To obligate and expend, for official re- ception and representation expenses, such amount as may be made available through ap- propriations (which for each of the fiscal years 1998 and 1999 may not exceed the amount made available to the Chief Executive Officer and the International Broadcasting Bureau for such purposes for fiscal year 1997). (13) To make available in the annual report required by paragraph (9) information on funds expended on administrative and managerial services by the Agency and by grantees and the steps the Chief Executive Officer has taken to reduce unnecessary overhead costs for each of the broadcasting services. (14) The Chief Executive Officer may provide for the use of United States Government transmitter capacity for transmission or relay of Radio Free Asia or any other grantee au- thorized under this chapter. (15)(A) To procure personal services at rates not to exceed the daily equivalent of the rate provided for positions classified above grade GS–15 of the General Schedule under section 5108 of title 5. (B) To allow those providing such services, while away from their homes or their regular places of business, travel expenses (including per diem in lieu of subsistence) as authorized by section 5703 of title 5 for persons in the Government service employed intermittently, while so employed. (16) To procure, pursuant to section 1535 of title 31 (commonly known as the ‘‘Economy Act’’), such goods and services from other de- partments or agencies for the Chief Executive Officer and the International Broadcasting Bu- reau as the Chief Executive Officer determines are appropriate. (17) To utilize the provisions of titles III, IV, V, VII, VIII, IX, and X of the United States In- formation and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 [22 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.], and section 6 of Re- organization Plan Number 2 of 1977, as in ef- fect on the day before the effective date of title XIII of the Foreign Affairs Agencies Con- solidation Act of 1998, to the extent the Chief Executive Officer considers necessary in car- rying out the provisions and purposes of this chapter. (18) To utilize the authorities of any other statute, reorganization plan, Executive order, regulation, agreement, determination, or other official document or proceeding that had been available to the Director of the United States Information Agency, the Chief Execu- tive Officer, or the Chief Executive Officer 2 before the effective date of title XIII of the Foreign Affairs Consolidation Act of 1998 for carrying out the broadcasting activities cov- ered by this chapter. (19)(A) To provide for the payment of pri- mary and secondary school expenses for de- pendents of personnel stationed in the Com- monwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) at a cost not to exceed expenses au- thorized by the Department of Defense for such schooling for dependents of members of the Armed Forces stationed in the Common- wealth, if the Chief Executive Officer deter- mines that schools available in the Common- wealth are unable to provide adequately for the education of the dependents of such per- sonnel. (B) To provide transportation for dependents of such personnel between their places of resi- dence and those schools for which expenses are provided under subparagraph (A), if the Chief Executive Officer determines that such schools are not accessible by public means of transportation. (20) To redirect or reprogram funds within the scope of any grant or cooperative agree- ment, or between grantees, as necessary (and not later than 15 days before any such redirec- tion of funds between language services, to no- tify the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Appro- priations and the Committee on Foreign Rela- tions of the Senate regarding such redirec- tion),.1 (21) To change the name of the Agency pur- suant to congressional notification 60 days prior to any such change. (22) To— (A) require annual content reviews of each language service of Voice of America, The Office of Cuba Broadcasting, and each grant- ee network, consisting of a review of at least 10 percent of available unique weekly con- tent from any selected week from the pre- vious year, which shall be conducted, to the extent practicable, by fluent language speakers and experts without direct affili- ation to the language service being re- viewed, who are seeking any evidence of in- appropriate or unprofessional content, which shall be submitted to the Office of Policy Research, the head and Board of the respec- tive language service, and the Chief Execu- tive Officer; (B) submit to the appropriate congres- sional committees a list of anomalous re- ports, including status updates on anoma- lous services during the 3-year period com- mencing on the date of receipt of the first report of biased, unprofessional, or other- wise problematic content.’’; 3 and (C) launch a review, using external, native- language and regional experts, the results of which are to be reported to the appropriate congressional committees, if a widespread pattern of violations of the principles, stand- ards, or journalistic code of ethics of a lan- guage service or grantee network has been identified. (b) Professional independence of broadcasters The Secretary of State and the Chief Execu- tive Officer, in carrying out their functions, shall respect the professional independence and integrity of the Agency, its broadcasting serv- ices, and the grantees of the Agency. Page 1770 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 6204 (c) Limitation on corporate leadership of grant- ees (1) In general The Chief Executive Officer may not award any grant under subsection (a) to RFE/RL, Inc., Radio Free Asia, the Middle East Broad- casting Networks, the Open Technology Fund, or any other grantee authorized under this chapter (collectively referred to as ‘‘Agency Grantee Networks’’) unless the incorporation documents of any such grantee require that the corporate leadership and Board of Direc- tors of such grantee be selected in accordance with this chapter. (2) Conflicts of interest (A) Chief Executive Officer The Chief Executive Officer may not serve on any of the corporate boards of any grant- ee under subsection (a). (B) Federal employees A full-time employee of a Federal agency may not serve on a corporate board of any grantee under subsection (a). (3) Qualifications of grantee board members Individuals appointed under subsection (a) to the Board of Directors of any of the Agency Grantee Networks shall have requisite exper- tise in journalism, technology, broadcasting, or diplomacy, or appropriate language or cul- tural understanding relevant to the grantee’s mission. (Pub. L. 103–236, title III, § 305, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 435; Pub. L. 103–415, § 1(s)(1), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4302; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1323(e)–(i), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–778, 2681–779; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title V, § 507(1), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1394; Pub. L. 109–140, § 8, Dec. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2652; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, § 1288(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2549; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, §§ 1299P(c)(2), 1299Q(c), (e)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4020, 4021, 4025; Pub. L. 117–263, div. I, title XCVII, § 9706, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3915.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1), (9), (17), (18) and (c)(1) the first place appearing, was in the original ‘‘this title’’, meaning title III of Pub. L. 103–236, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 432, known as the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6201 of this title and Tables. The Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), (9), is Pub. L. 98–111, Oct. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 749, which is classified generally to subchapter V–A (§ 1465 et seq.) of chapter 18 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1465 of this title and Tables. The Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), (9), is part D of title II of Pub. L. 101–246, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 58, which is classified principally to subchapter V–B (§ 1465aa et seq.) of chap- ter 18 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under sec- tion 1465aa of this title and Tables. This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(5), (14) and (c)(1) the second place appearing, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, and was translated, to reflect the probable intent of Congress, as reading ‘‘this title’’, meaning title III of Pub. L. 103–236, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 432, known as the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994, which is classified principally to this chap- ter. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6201 of this title and Tables. The United States Information and Educational Ex- change Act of 1948, referred to in subsec. (a)(17), is act Jan. 27, 1948, ch. 36, 62 Stat. 6, which is classified gen- erally to chapter 18 (§ 1431 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1431 of this title and Tables. Section 6 of Reorganization Plan Number 2 of 1977, re- ferred to in subsec. (a)(17), which was set out under sec- tion 1461 of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, § 1336(6), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–790. For the effective date of title XIII of the Foreign Af- fairs Agencies Consolidation Act of 1998, referred to in subsec. (a)(17), (18), meaning the effective date of title XIII of subdiv. A of div. G of Pub. L. 105–277, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 6531 of this title. CODIFICATION ‘‘Chief Executive Officer’’ was substituted for ‘‘Board’’ in section catchline to reflect the probable in- tent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(i), which substituted ‘‘Chief Executive Offi- cer’’ for ‘‘Board’’ wherever appearing in subsec. (a). Section is comprised of section 305 of Pub. L. 103–236, which consists of subsecs. (a), (b), (e), and (c), in that order. Subsec. (e) of section 305 of Pub. L. 103–236 amended sections 1465b and 1465c of this title and is omitted from the text of this section. There was no subsec. (c) or (d) after amendment by Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(B)–(D). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(c)(2), which added a new subsec. (c), directed that it be added at the end of this section, which technically places it after subsec. (e) but is shown here as following subsec. (b) due to the omission of subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XII, § 1299Q(c), (e)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4021, 4025, which amended this section, was itself amended by Pub. L. 116–260, div. O, title XIII, § 1301, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2158, to make it effective 90 days after Jan. 1, 2021. However, the amendment by Pub. L. 116–260 could not be executed because it was en- acted before the provision from Pub. L. 116–283 that it amended. AMENDMENTS 2022—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 117–263, § 9706(1), struck out ‘‘direct and’’ before ‘‘supervise’’. Subsec. (a)(20). Pub. L. 117–263, § 9706(4), which di- rected amendment of par. (22), ‘‘as redesignated’’, of subsec. (a) by substituting a period for ‘‘and to condi- tion grants’’ and all that followed, was executed by substituting a period for ‘‘and to condition grants or cooperative agreements, if appropriate, on such grants or cooperative agreements or any similar amendments as authorized under section 6207(a) of this title, includ- ing authority to name and replace the board of any grantee authorized under this chapter, to meet the pur- poses of this chapter in accordance with subsection (c).’’ in par. (20), as redesignated by Pub. L. 117–263, § 9706(3), to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See Amendment note below. Par. (20), and not par. (22), con- tained the words ‘‘and to condition grants’’. Pub. L. 117–263, § 9706(2), (3), redesignated par. (21) as (20) and struck out former par. (20) which read as fol- lows: ‘‘Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in- cluding section 6207(a) of this title, to condition, if ap- propriate, any grant or cooperative agreement to RFE/ RL, Inc., Radio Free Asia, the Open Technology Fund, or the Middle East Broadcasting Networks, or any or- ganization that is established through the consolida- Page 1771 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 6204 tion of such entities, on authority to determine mem- bership of their respective boards, and the consolida- tion of such grantee entities into a single grantee orga- nization under terms and conditions established by the Agency in accordance with subsection (c).’’ Subsec. (a)(21), (22). Pub. L. 117–263, § 9706(3), redesig- nated pars. (22) and (23) as (21) and (22), respectively. Former par. (21) redesignated (20). 2021—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(e)(2)(A)(i), substituted ‘‘Agency’’ for ‘‘Board’’. Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(e)(2)(A)(ii), sub- stituted ‘‘Agency’’ for ‘‘Board’’. Subsec. (a)(20). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(c)(1)(A), (e)(2)(A)(iii), substituted ‘‘Agency’’ for ‘‘Board’’ and in- serted ‘‘in accordance with subsection (c)’’ before pe- riod at end. Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299P(c)(2), inserted ‘‘the Open Tech- nology Fund,’’ before ‘‘or the Middle East Broadcasting Networks’’. Subsec. (a)(21). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(c)(1)(B), struck out ‘‘including with Federal officials,’’ before ‘‘to meet the purposes’’ and inserted ‘‘in accordance with sub- section (c)’’ before period at end. Subsec. (a)(22). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(e)(2)(A)(iv), substituted ‘‘Agency’’ for ‘‘Board’’. Subsec. (a)(23). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(c)(1)(C), added par. (23). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(e)(2)(B), sub- stituted ‘‘Agency’’ for ‘‘Board’’ in two places. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(c)(2), added subsec. (c). See Codification note above. 2016—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(i), sub- stituted ‘‘Chief Executive Officer’’ for ‘‘Board’’ in in- troductory provisions. Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(ii), inserted ‘‘direct and’’ before ‘‘supervise’’. Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(iii), inserted ‘‘and cooperative agreements’’ after ‘‘grants’’ and sub- stituted ‘‘in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter and on behalf of other agencies, accordingly’’ for ‘‘in accordance with sections 6207 and 6208 of this title’’. Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(iv), sub- stituted ‘‘Board’’ for ‘‘International Broadcasting Bu- reau’’ and struck out ‘‘subject to the limitations in sec- tions 6207 and 6208 of this title and’’ before ‘‘subject to reprogramming’’. Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(i), (v), sub- stituted ‘‘Chief Executive Officer’’ for ‘‘Board’’, in- serted ‘‘, rent, or lease’’ after ‘‘procure’’, and sub- stituted ‘‘property for journalism, media, production, and broadcasting, and related support services, not- withstanding any other provision of law relating to such acquisition, rental, or lease, and under the same terms and conditions as authorized under section 501(b) of the United States Information and Educational Ex- change Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1461(b)), and for multiyear contracts and leases for periods of up to 20 years sub- ject to the requirements of subsections (b) through (f) of section 3903 of title 41’’ for ‘‘personal property’’. Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(i), (vi), struck out ‘‘staff’’ before ‘‘personnel’’ and substituted ‘‘for the Chief Executive Officer’’ for ‘‘for the Board’’, ‘‘as the Chief Executive Officer’’ for ‘‘as the Board’’, and ‘‘which shall not be subject’’ for ‘‘subject’’. Subsec. (a)(12). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(i), sub- stituted ‘‘Chief Executive Officer’’ for ‘‘Board’’. Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(vii), sub- stituted ‘‘Board’’ for ‘‘Bureau’’ and ‘‘Chief Executive Officer has taken’’ for ‘‘Board has taken’’. Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(i), (viii), substituted ‘‘Chief Executive Officer’’ for ‘‘Board’’ and inserted ‘‘transmission or’’ before ‘‘relay’’ and ‘‘or any other grantee authorized under this chapter’’ after ‘‘Radio Free Asia’’. Subsec. (a)(15)(A). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(ix), struck out ‘‘temporary and intermittent’’ after ‘‘To procure’’ and ‘‘to the same extent as is authorized by section 3109 of title 5,’’ after ‘‘personal services’’. Subsec. (a)(16). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(i), (x), sub- stituted ‘‘for the Chief Executive Officer’’ for ‘‘for the Board’’ and ‘‘Chief Executive Officer determines’’ for ‘‘Board determines’’. Subsec. (a)(17). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(i), sub- stituted ‘‘Chief Executive Officer’’ for ‘‘Board’’. Subsec. (a)(18). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(i), (xi), sub- stituted ‘‘Agency, the Chief Executive Officer’’ for ‘‘Agency, the Bureau’’ and ‘‘or the Chief Executive Offi- cer’’ for ‘‘or the Board’’. Subsec. (a)(19). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(i), sub- stituted ‘‘Chief Executive Officer’’ for ‘‘Board’’ in sub- pars. (A) and (B). Subsec. (a)(20) to (22). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(A)(xii), added pars. (20) to (22). Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1288(2)(B)–(D), re- designated subsec. (d) as (b), substituted ‘‘and the Chief Executive Officer’’ for ‘‘and the Board’’ and ‘‘Board’’ for ‘‘International Broadcasting Bureau’’, and struck out former subsecs. (b) and (c) which related to delega- tion of authority and broadcasting budgets, respec- tively. 2005—Subsec. (a)(19). Pub. L. 109–140 added par. (19). 2002—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 107–228 substituted ‘‘an- nually,’’ for ‘‘annually,,’’. 1998—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(e)(1), struck out ‘‘direct and’’ after ‘‘To’’ and substituted ‘‘, the Tel- evision Broadcasting to Cuba Act, and Worldnet Tele- vision, except as provided in section 6205(b) of this title’’ for ‘‘and the Television Broadcasting to Cuba Act’’. Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(e)(2), inserted ‘‘, after consultation with the Secretary of State,’’ after ‘‘annually,’’. Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(e)(3), struck out ‘‘, through the Director of the United States Informa- tion Agency,’’ after ‘‘the Congress’’ and inserted at end ‘‘Each annual report shall place special emphasis on the assessment described in paragraph (2).’’ Subsec. (a)(12). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(e)(4), substituted ‘‘1998 and 1999’’ for ‘‘1994 and 1995’’ and ‘‘to the Board and the International Broadcasting Bureau for such purposes for fiscal year 1997’’ for ‘‘to the Board for International Broadcasting for such purposes for fiscal year 1993’’. Subsec. (a)(15) to (18). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(e)(5), added pars. (15) to (18). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(f), added subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(g), (h), struck out ‘‘(1)’’ before ‘‘The Director’’, struck out ‘‘the Director of the United States Information Agency for the con- sideration of the Director as a part of the Agency’s budget submission to’’ before ‘‘the Office of Manage- ment and Budget’’, and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: ‘‘The Director of the United States Informa- tion Agency shall include in the Agency’s submission to the Office of Management and Budget the comments and recommendations of the Board concerning the pro- posed broadcasting budget.’’ Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(f)(1), redesignated subsec. (b) as (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(i), amended heading and text of subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘The Director of the United States Information Agency and the Board, in carrying out their functions, shall respect the professional independ- ence and integrity of the International Broadcasting Bureau, its broadcasting services, and grantees.’’ Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(f)(1), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(f)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). See Codification note above. 1994—Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 103–415 substituted ‘‘relay of Radio’’ for ‘‘relay to Radio’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2021 AMENDMENT Amendment by section 1299P(c)(2) of Pub. L. 116–283 effective and applicable beginning on July 1, 2021, see Page 1772 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 6205 section 1299P(e) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note under section 6203 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1998 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effec- tive Date note under section 6531 of this title. EXPANSION OF FARSI LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XII, § 1262, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2553, provided that: ‘‘(a) INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING OPERATIONS FUND.—In addition to amounts otherwise authorized for the Broadcasting Board of Governors’ [now United States Agency for Global Media] International Broad- casting Operations Fund, there is authorized to be ap- propriated $15,000,000 to expand Farsi language pro- gramming and to provide for the dissemination of accu- rate and independent information to the Iranian people through radio, television, Internet, cellular telephone, short message service, and other communications. ‘‘(b) BROADCASTING CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS FUND.—In addition to amounts otherwise authorized for the Broadcasting Board of Governors’ Broadcasting Capital Improvements Fund, there is authorized to be appro- priated $15,000,000 to expand transmissions of Farsi lan- guage programs to Iran. ‘‘(c) USE OF AMOUNTS.—In pursuit of the objectives described in subsections (a) and (b), amounts in the International Broadcasting Operations Fund and the Capital Improvements Fund may be used to— ‘‘(1) develop additional transmission capability for Radio Farda and the Persian News Network to counter ongoing efforts to jam transmissions, includ- ing through additional shortwave and medium wave transmissions, satellite, and Internet mechanisms; ‘‘(2) develop additional proxy server capability and anti-censorship software to counter efforts to block Radio Farda and Persian News Network Web sites; ‘‘(3) develop technologies to counter efforts to block SMS text message exchange over cellular phone networks; ‘‘(4) expand program coverage and analysis by Radio Farda and the Persian News Network, includ- ing the development of broadcast platforms and pro- grams, on the television, radio and Internet, for en- hanced interactivity with and among the people of Iran; ‘‘(5) hire, on a permanent or short-term basis, addi- tional staff for Radio Farda and the Persian News Network; and ‘‘(6) develop additional Internet-based, Farsi-lan- guage television programming, including a Farsi-lan- guage, Internet-based news channel.’’ IRANIAN ELECTRONIC EDUCATION, EXCHANGE, AND MEDIA FUND Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XII, § 1263, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2553, provided that: ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the Treasury of the United States the Iranian Electronic Education, Exchange, and Media Fund (referred to in this section as the ‘Fund’), consisting of amounts ap- propriated to the Fund pursuant to subsection (f). ‘‘(b) ADMINISTRATION.—The Fund shall be adminis- tered by the Secretary of State. ‘‘(c) OBJECTIVE.—The objective of the Fund shall be to support the development of technologies, including Internet Web sites, that will aid the ability of the Ira- nian people to— ‘‘(1) gain access to and share information; ‘‘(2) exercise freedom of speech, freedom of expres- sion, and freedom of assembly through the Internet and other electronic media; ‘‘(3) engage in Internet-based education programs and other exchanges between Americans and Ira- nians; and ‘‘(4) counter efforts— ‘‘(A) to block, censor, and monitor the Internet; and ‘‘(B) to disrupt or monitor cellular phone net- works or SMS text exchanges. ‘‘(d) USE OF AMOUNTS.—In pursuit of the objective de- scribed in subsection (c), amounts in the Fund may be used for grants to United States or foreign universities, nonprofit organizations, or companies for targeted projects that advance the purpose of the Fund, includ- ing projects that— ‘‘(1) develop Farsi-language versions of existing so- cial-networking Web sites; ‘‘(2) develop technologies, including Internet-based applications, to counter efforts— ‘‘(A) to block, censor, and monitor the Internet; and ‘‘(B) to disrupt or monitor cellular phone net- works or SMS text message exchanges; ‘‘(3) develop Internet-based, distance learning pro- grams for Iranian students at United States univer- sities; and ‘‘(4) promote Internet-based, people-to-people edu- cational, professional, religious, or cultural ex- changes and dialogues between United States citizens and Iranians. ‘‘(e) TRANSFERS.—Amounts in the Fund may be trans- ferred to the United States Agency for International Development, the Broadcasting Board of Governors [now United States Agency for Global Media], or any other agency of the Federal Government to the extent that such amounts are used to carry out activities that will further the objective described in subsection (c). ‘‘(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is au- thorized to be appropriated $20,000,000 to the Fund.’’ BUYING POWER MAINTENANCE ACCOUNT Pub. L. 110–252, title I, § 1408(c), June 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2342, provided that: ‘‘The Broadcasting Board of Gov- ernors [now United States Agency for Global Media] may transfer funds into its Buying Power Maintenance Account, notwithstanding the requirement that such funds be provided in advance in appropriations Acts. The authority in this subsection may be exercised only with respect to funds appropriated or otherwise made available after fiscal year 2008.’’ PILOT PROJECT FOR TRANSCRIPTION OF CERTAIN PROGRAMMING INTO ENGLISH Pub. L. 110–53, title XX, § 2032, Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 516, provided that: ‘‘(a) TRANSCRIPTION OF PERSIAN AND ARABIC LAN- GUAGE BROADCASTS.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 3, 2007], the Broadcasting Board of Governors [now United States Agency for Global Media] shall initiate a pilot project to transcribe into the English language news and infor- mation programming broadcast by Radio Farda, Radio Sawa, the Persian Service of the Voice of America, and Alhurra. ‘‘(b) RANDOM SAMPLING; PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—The transcription required under subsection (a) shall con- sist of a random sampling of such programming. The transcripts shall be available to Congress and the pub- lic on the Internet site of the Board. ‘‘(c) REPORT.—Not later than May 1, 2008, the Chair- man of the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall sub- mit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and Committee on Foreign Rela- tions of the Senate a report on the feasibility and util- ity of continuing the pilot project required under sub- section (a). ‘‘(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is au- thorized to be appropriated to the ‘International Broad- casting Operations’ account of the Broadcasting Board of Governors $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2008 to carry out the pilot project required under subsection (a).’’ § 6205. Establishment of the International Broad- casting Advisory Board (a) In general The International Broadcasting Advisory Board (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Advi-