20 U.S.C. § 9401 — Purposes

Page 1696 TITLE 20—EDUCATION §§ 9301 to 9309 § 401(17)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–412; Pub. L. 109–270, § 2(h)(7)–(9), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 748; Pub. L. 110–234, title IV, § 4002(b)(1)(B), (2)(R), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1096, 1097; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title IV, § 4002(b)(1)(B), (2)(R), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1857, 1858, related to State unified plan. Section 9272, Pub. L. 105–220, title V, § 502, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1244, related to definitions for indicators of performance. Section 9273, Pub. L. 105–220, title V, § 503, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1244; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 404(f)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–417; Pub. L. 106–246, div. B, title II, § 2403(a)(1), July 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 555, related to incentive grants. Section 9274, Pub. L. 105–220, title V, § 504, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1245, related to privacy. Section 9275, Pub. L. 105–220, title V, § 505, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1245; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 401(18)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–412, re- lated to buy-American requirements. Section 9276, Pub. L. 105–220, title V, § 506, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1246; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, § 101(f) [title VIII, § 401(19)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–412; Pub. L. 105–332, § 4(2), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3126, related to transition provisions. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective on the first day of the first full pro- gram year after July 22, 2014 (July 1, 2015), see section 506 of Pub. L. 113–128, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3101 of Title 29, Labor. CHAPTER 74—TROOPS-TO-TEACHERS PROGRAM §§ 9301 to 9309. Repealed. Pub. L. 107–110, title X, § 1011(6), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1986 Section 9301, Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XVII, § 1701, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 817, set forth short title of the Troops-to-Teachers Program Act of 1999 and defined terms. Section 9302, Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XVII, § 1702, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 818, authorized program. Section 9303, Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XVII, § 1703, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 818, related to eligibility to par- ticipate in program. Section 9304, Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XVII, § 1704, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 819, related to selection of partici- pants. Section 9305, Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XVII, § 1705, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 821, related to stipend and bonus for participants. Section 9306, Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XVII, § 1706, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 822, related to participation by States. Section 9307, Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XVII, § 1707, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 823, related to termination of original program and transfer of functions. Section 9308, Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XVII, § 1708, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 823, set forth reporting require- ments. Section 9309, Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XVII, § 1709, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 824, related to funds for fiscal year 2000. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL Repeal effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive pro- grams, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as an Ef- fective Date note under section 6301 of this title. CHAPTER 75—EARLY LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES Sec. 9401. Purposes. Sec. 9402. Definitions. 9403. Prohibitions. 9404. Authorization and appropriation of funds. 9405. Coordination of Federal programs. 9406. Program authorized. 9407. Uses of funds. 9408. Reservations and allotments. 9409. Grant administration. 9410. State requirements. 9411. Local allocations. 9412. Local applications. 9413. Local administration. § 9401. Purposes The purposes of this chapter are— (1) to increase the availability of voluntary programs, services, and activities that support early childhood development, increase parent effectiveness, and promote the learning readi- ness of young children so that young children enter school ready to learn; (2) to support parents, child care providers, and caregivers who want to incorporate early learning activities into the daily lives of young children; (3) to remove barriers to the provision of an accessible system of early childhood learning programs in communities throughout the United States; (4) to increase the availability and afford- ability of professional development activities and compensation for caregivers and child care providers; and (5) to facilitate the development of commu- nity-based systems of collaborative service de- livery models characterized by resource shar- ing, linkages between appropriate supports, and local planning for services. (Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title VIII, § 802], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–80.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title VIII, § 801], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–79, provided that: ‘‘(a) SHORT TITLE.—This title [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Early Learning Opportunities Act’. ‘‘(b) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that— ‘‘(1) medical research demonstrates that adequate stimulation of a young child’s brain between birth and age 5 is critical to the physical development of the young child’s brain; ‘‘(2) parents are the most significant and effective teachers of their children, and they alone are respon- sible for choosing the best early learning opportuni- ties for their child; ‘‘(3) parent education and parent involvement are critical to the success of any early learning program or activity; ‘‘(4) the more intensively parents are involved in their child’s early learning, the greater the cognitive and noncognitive benefits to their children; ‘‘(5) many parents have difficulty finding the infor- mation and support the parents seek to help their children grow to their full potential; ‘‘(6) each day approximately 13,000,000 young chil- dren, including 6,000,000 infants or toddlers, spend some or all of their day being cared for by someone other than their parents; ‘‘(7) quality early learning programs, including those designed to promote effective parenting, can in- crease the literacy rate, the secondary school gradua- tion rate, the employment rate, and the college en- Page 1697 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 9402 rollment rate for children who have participated in voluntary early learning programs and activities; ‘‘(8) early childhood interventions can yield sub- stantial advantages to participants in terms of emo- tional and cognitive development, education, eco- nomic well-being, and health, with the latter two ad- vantages applying to the children’s families as well; ‘‘(9) participation in quality early learning pro- grams, including those designed to promote effective parenting, can decrease the future incidence of teen- age pregnancy, welfare dependency, at-risk behav- iors, and juvenile delinquency for children; ‘‘(10) several cost-benefit analysis studies indicate that for each $1 invested in quality early learning programs, the Federal Government can save over $5 by reducing the number of children and families who participate in Federal Government programs like special education and welfare; ‘‘(11) for children placed in the care of others during the workday, the low salaries paid to the child care staff, the lack of career progression for the staff, and the lack of child development specialists involved in early learning and child care programs, make it dif- ficult to attract and retain the quality of staff nec- essary for a positive early learning experience; ‘‘(12) Federal Government support for early learn- ing has primarily focused on out-of-home care pro- grams like those established under the Head Start Act [42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.], the Child Care and Devel- opment Block Grant [Act] of 1990 [42 U.S.C. 9857 et seq.], and part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [20 U.S.C. 1431 et seq.], and these pro- grams— ‘‘(A) serve far fewer than half of all eligible chil- dren; ‘‘(B) are not primarily designed to provide sup- port for parents who care for their young children in the home; and ‘‘(C) lack a means of coordinating early learning opportunities in each community; and ‘‘(13) by helping communities increase, expand, and better coordinate early learning opportunities for children and their families, the productivity and cre- ativity of future generations will be improved, and the Nation will be prepared for continued leadership in the 21st century.’’ § 9402. Definitions In this chapter: (1) Caregiver The term ‘‘caregiver’’ means an individual, including a relative, neighbor, or family friend, who regularly or frequently provides care, with or without compensation, for a child for whom the individual is not the par- ent. (2) Child care provider The term ‘‘child care provider’’ means a pro- vider of non-residential child care services (in- cluding center-based, family-based, and in- home child care services) for compensation who or that is legally operating under State law, and complies with applicable State and local requirements for the provision of child care services. (3) Early learning The term ‘‘early learning’’, used with re- spect to a program or activity, means learning designed to facilitate the development of cog- nitive, language, motor, and social-emotional skills for, and to promote learning readiness in, young children. (4) Early learning program The term ‘‘early learning program’’ means— (A) a program of services or activities that helps parents, caregivers, and child care pro- viders incorporate early learning into the daily lives of young children; or (B) a program that directly provides early learning to young children. (5) Indian tribe The term ‘‘Indian tribe’’ has the meaning given the term in section 5304 of title 25. (6) Local Council The term ‘‘Local Council’’ means a Local Council established or designated under sec- tion 9413(a) of this title that serves one or more localities. (7) Locality The term ‘‘locality’’ means a city, county, borough, township, or area served by another general purpose unit of local government, an Indian tribe, a Regional Corporation, or a Na- tive Hawaiian entity. (8) Parent The term ‘‘parent’’ means a biological par- ent, an adoptive parent, a stepparent, a foster parent, or a legal guardian of, or a person standing in loco parentis to, a child. (9) Poverty line The term ‘‘poverty line’’ means the poverty line (as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, and revised annually in accord- ance with section 9902(2) of title 42) applicable to a family of the size involved. (10) Regional Corporation The term ‘‘Regional Corporation’’ means an entity listed in section 619(4)(B) of title 42. (11) Secretary The term ‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Health and Human Services. (12) State The term ‘‘State’’ means each of the several States of the United States, the District of Co- lumbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (13) Training The term ‘‘training’’ means instruction in early learning that— (A) is required for certification under State and local laws, regulations, and poli- cies; (B) is required to receive a nationally or State recognized credential or its equiva- lent; (C) is received in a postsecondary edu- cation program focused on early learning or early childhood development in which the individual is enrolled; or (D) is provided, certified, or sponsored by an organization that is recognized for its ex- pertise in promoting early learning or early childhood development. (14) Young child The term ‘‘young child’’ means any child from birth to the age of mandatory school at- tendance in the State where the child resides. (Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(1) [title VIII, § 803], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–81.)