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20 U.S.C. § 1431 — Findings and policy
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** Congress finds that there is an urgent and substantial need—
(1) to enhance the development of infants and toddlers with disabilities, to minimize their potential for developmental delay, and to recognize the significant brain development that occurs during a child’s first 3 years of life;
(2) to reduce the educational costs to our society, including our Nation’s schools, by minimizing the need for special education and related services after infants and toddlers with disabilities reach school age;
(3) to maximize the potential for individuals with disabilities to live independently in society;
(4) to enhance the capacity of families to meet the special needs of their infants and toddlers with disabilities; and
(5) to enhance the capacity of State and local agencies and service providers to identify, evaluate, and meet the needs of all children, particularly minority, low-income, inner city, and rural children, and infants and toddlers in foster care.
**(b) Policy** It is the policy of the United States to provide financial assistance to States—
(1) to develop and implement a statewide, comprehensive, coordinated, multidisciplinary, interagency system that provides early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families;
(2) to facilitate the coordination of payment for early intervention services from Federal, State, local, and private sources (including public and private insurance coverage);
(3) to enhance State capacity to provide quality early intervention services and expand and improve existing early intervention services being provided to infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families; and
(4) to encourage States to expand opportunities for children under 3 years of age who would be at risk
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1431
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-20/section-1431-findings-and-policy--d5c8401d58.md
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Source location: Title 20, Chapter 33, § 1431; chapter-033-education-of-individuals-with-disabilities.md
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**(a) Findings** Congress finds that there is an urgent and substantial need—
(1) to enhance the development of infants and toddlers with disabilities, to minimize their potential for developmental delay, and to recognize the significant brain development that occurs during a child’s first 3 years of life;
(2) to reduce the educational costs to our society, including our Nation’s schools, by minimizing the need for special education and related services after infants and toddlers with disabilities reach school age;
(3) to maximize the potential for individuals with disabilities to live independently in society;
(4) to enhance the capacity of families to meet the special needs of their infants and toddlers with disabilities; and
(5) to enhance the capacity of State and local agencies and service providers to identify, evaluate, and meet the needs of all children, particularly minority, low-income, inner city, and rural children, and infants and toddlers in foster care.
**(b) Policy** It is the policy of the United States to provide financial assistance to States—
(1) to develop and implement a statewide, comprehensive, coordinated, multidisciplinary, interagency system that provides early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families;
(2) to facilitate the coordination of payment for early intervention services from Federal, State, local, and private sources (including public and private insurance coverage);
(3) to enhance State capacity to provide quality early intervention services and expand and improve existing early intervention services being provided to infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families; and
(4) to encourage States to expand opportunities for children under 3 years of age who would be at risk of having substantial developmental delay if they did not receive early intervention services.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Short title** This chapter may be cited as the “Individuals with Disabilities Education Act”.
**(b) Omitted**
**(c) Findings** Congress finds the following:
(1) Disability is a natural part of the human experience and in no way diminishes the right of individuals to participate in or contribute to society. Improving educational results for children with disabilities is an essential element of our national policy of ensuring equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency for individuals with disabilities.
(2) Before the date of enactment of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (Public Law 94–142), the educational needs of millions of children with disabilities were not being fully met because—
(A) the children did not receive appropriate educational services;
(B) the children were excluded entirely from the public school system and from being educated with their peers;
(C) undiagnosed disabilities prevented the children from having a successful educational experience; or
(D) a lack of adequate resources within the public school system forced families to find services outside the public school system.
(3) Since the enactment and implementation of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, this chapter has been successful in ensuring children with disabilities and the families of such children access to a free appropriate public education and in improving educational results for children with disabilities.
(4) However, the implementation of this chapter has been impeded by low expectations, and an insufficient focus on applying replicable research on proven methods of teaching and learning for children with disabilities.
(5) Almost 30 years of research and experience has
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1400
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authority of Secretary.—**
(1) If the Secretary of Defense makes a determination that appropriate educational programs are not available through a local educational agency for dependents of members of the armed forces and dependents of civilian employees of the Federal Government residing on a military installation in the United States (including territories, commonwealths, and possessions of the United States), the Secretary may enter into arrangements to provide for the elementary or secondary education of the dependents of such members of the armed forces and, to the extent authorized in subsection (c), the dependents of such civilian employees.
(2) The Secretary may, at the discretion of the Secretary, permit dependents of members of the armed forces and, to the extent provided in subsection (c), dependents of civilian employees of the Federal Government residing in a territory, commonwealth, or possession of the United States but not on a military installation, to enroll in an educational program provided by the Secretary pursuant to this subsection. If a member of the armed forces is assigned to a remote location or is assigned to an unaccompanied tour of duty, a dependent of the member who resides, on or off a military installation, in a territory, commonwealth, or possession of the United States, as authorized by the member’s orders, may be enrolled in an educational program provided by the Secretary under this subsection.
(3)
(A) Under the circumstances described in subparagraph (B), the Secretary may, at the discretion of the Secretary, permit a dependent of a member of the armed forces to enroll in an educational program provided by the Secretary pursuant to this subsection without regard to the requirement in paragraph (1) with respect to residen
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 2164
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** For the purpose of relieving fiscal burdens on States and local educational agencies that have experienced a precipitous decline in financial resources, the Secretary of Education may waive or modify any requirement of this chapter relating to maintaining fiscal effort.
**(b) Duration** A waiver or modification under this section shall be for any of fiscal year 2009, fiscal year 2010, or fiscal year 2011, as determined by the Secretary.
**(c) Criteria** The Secretary shall not grant a waiver or modification under this section unless the Secretary determines that the State receiving such waiver or modification will not provide for elementary, secondary, and public higher education, for the fiscal year under consideration, a smaller percentage of the total revenues available to the State than the percentage provided for such purpose in the preceding fiscal year.
**(d) Maintenance of effort** Upon prior approval from the Secretary, a State or local educational agency that receives funds under this chapter may treat any portion of such funds that is used for elementary, secondary, or postsecondary education as non-Federal funds for the purpose of any requirement to maintain fiscal effort under any other program, including part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ([20 U.S.C. 1431](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1431&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), administered by the Secretary.
**(e) Subsequent level of effort** Notwithstanding (d),11 So in original. Probably should be “subsection (d),”. the level of effort required by a State or local educational agency for the following fiscal year shall not be reduced.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 10012
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Authorizing committees** — The term “authorizing committees” means the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives.
(2) **Combination of institutions of higher education** — The term “combination of institutions of higher education” means a group of institutions of higher education that have entered into a cooperative arrangement for the purpose of carrying out a common objective, or a public or private nonprofit agency, organization, or institution designated or created by a group of institutions of higher education for the purpose of carrying out a common objective on the group’s behalf.
(3) **Critical foreign language** — Except as otherwise provided, the term “critical foreign language” means each of the languages contained in the list of critical languages designated by the Secretary in the Federal Register on August 2, 1985 (50 Fed. Reg. 31412; promulgated under the authority of section 212(d) of the Education for Economic Security Act (repealed by section 2303 of the Augustus F. Hawkins-Robert T. Stafford Elementary and Secondary School Improvement Amendments of 1988)), as updated by the Secretary from time to time and published in the Federal Register, except that in the implementation of this definition with respect to a specific title, the Secretary may set priorities according to the purposes of such title and the national security, economic competitiveness, and educational needs of the United States.
(4) **Department** — The term “Department” means the Department of Education.
(5) **Diploma mill** — The term “diploma mill” means an entity that—
(A)
(i) offers, for a fee, degrees, diplomas, or certificates, that may be used to rep
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1003
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this part, the term “early childhood education program” means—
(1) a Head Start program or an Early Head Start program carried out under the Head Start Act ([42 U.S.C. 9831](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section9831&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), including a migrant or seasonal Head Start program or an Indian Head Start program;
(2) a State licensed or regulated child care program; or
(3) a State prekindergarten program or a program authorized under section 619 [[20 U.S.C. 1419](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1419&num=0&edition=prelim)] or part C [[20 U.S.C. 1431](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1431&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, that serves children from birth through age six and that addresses the children’s cognitive (including language, early literacy, and pre-numeracy), social, emotional, and physical development.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1161i–1
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment by regulation of minimum allotment formula; criteria** The Director shall by regulation establish a formula for determining the minimum allotment of funds necessary for the operation of each school in the defense dependents’ education system. In establishing such formula, the Director shall take into consideration—
(1) the number of students served by a school and the size of the school;
(2) special cost factors for a school, including—
(A) geographic isolation of the school,
(B) a need for special staffing, transportation, or educational programs at the school, and
(C) unusual food and housing costs,
(3) the cost of providing academic services of a high quality as required by [section 921(b)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section921/b/1&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(4) such other factors as the Director considers appropriate.
**(b) Issuance, etc., of regulations** Any regulation under subsection (a) shall be issued, and shall become effective, in accordance with the procedures applicable to regulations required to be issued by the Secretary of Education in accordance with [section 1232 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1232&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Applicability of certain provisions**
(1) **Children with disabilities** — Notwithstanding the provisions of [section 921(b)(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section921/b/3&num=0&edition=prelim), the provisions of part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [[20 U.S.C. 1411](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1411&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], other than the funding a
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 927
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purposes of this chapter are—
(1) to increase the availability of voluntary programs, services, and activities that support early childhood development, increase parent effectiveness, and promote the learning readiness of young children so that young children enter school ready to learn;
(2) to support parents, child care providers, and caregivers who want to incorporate early learning activities into the daily lives of young children;
(3) to remove barriers to the provision of an accessible system of early childhood learning programs in communities throughout the United States;
(4) to increase the availability and affordability of professional development activities and compensation for caregivers and child care providers; and
(5) to facilitate the development of community-based systems of collaborative service delivery models characterized by resource sharing, linkages between appropriate supports, and local planning for services.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 9401
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Site control** The Secretary shall require that each application include reasonable assurances that the applicant will own or have control of a site for the proposed project not later than the expiration of the 12-month period beginning upon notification of an award for grant assistance, unless the application proposes providing supportive housing assistance under [section 11383(a)(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section11383/a/3&num=0&edition=prelim) or housing that will eventually be owned or controlled by the families and individuals served. An applicant may obtain ownership or control of a suitable site different from the site specified in the application. If any recipient or project sponsor fails to obtain ownership or control of the site within 12 months after notification of an award for grant assistance, the grant shall be recaptured and reallocated under this part.
**(b) Required agreements** The Secretary may not provide assistance for a proposed project under this part unless the collaborative applicant involved agrees—
(1) to ensure the operation of the project in accordance with the provisions of this part;
(2) to monitor and report to the Secretary the progress of the project;
(3) to ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that individuals and families experiencing homelessness are involved, through employment, provision of volunteer services, or otherwise, in constructing, rehabilitating, maintaining, and operating facilities for the project and in providing supportive services for the project;
(4) to require certification from all project sponsors that—
(A) they will maintain the confidentiality of records pertaining to any individual or family provided family violence prevention or
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 11386
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General authority** The Secretary is authorized to make grants to States in accordance with the provisions of this section to enable such States to carry out the activities described in subsections (d) through (g).
**(b) Grants from allotments** The Secretary shall make the grants to States from the allotments made under subsection (c)(1).
**(c) Allocation and reservations**
(1) **Allocation**
(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the Secretary is authorized to allot to each State an amount that bears the same ratio to the amount appropriated for such year under [section 11435 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section11435&num=0&edition=prelim) that remains after the Secretary reserves funds under paragraph (2) and uses funds to carry out section 11434(d) and (h) of this title, as the amount allocated under section 1122 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 [[20 U.S.C. 6332](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section6332&num=0&edition=prelim)] to the State for that year bears to the total amount allocated under section 1122 of such Act to all States for that year, except that no State shall receive less than the greater of—
(i) $150,000;
(ii) one-fourth of 1 percent of the amount appropriated under [section 11435 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section11435&num=0&edition=prelim) for that year; or
(iii) the amount such State received under this section for fiscal year 2001.
(B) If there are insufficient funds in a fiscal year to allot to each State the minimum amount under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall ratably reduce the allotments to all States based on the proportionate share that each S
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 11432
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Computation of amount** From the sums appropriated therefor, the Secretary (except as otherwise provided in this section) shall pay to each State which has a plan approved under this subchapter, for each quarter, beginning with the quarter commencing January 1, 1966—
(1) an amount equal to the Federal medical assistance percentage (as defined in [section 1396d(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1396d/b&num=0&edition=prelim), subject to subsections (g) and (j) of this section and [section 1396r–4(f) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1396r–4/f&num=0&edition=prelim)) of the total amount expended during such quarter as medical assistance under the State plan; plus
(2)
(A) an amount equal to 75 per centum of so much of the sums expended during such quarter (as found necessary by the Secretary for the proper and efficient administration of the State plan) as are attributable to compensation or training of skilled professional medical personnel, and staff directly supporting such personnel, of the State agency or any other public agency; plus
(B) notwithstanding paragraph (1) or subparagraph (A), with respect to amounts expended for nursing aide training and competency evaluation programs, and competency evaluation programs, described in [section 1396r(e)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1396r/e/1&num=0&edition=prelim) (including the costs for nurse aides to complete such competency evaluation programs), regardless of whether the programs are provided in or outside nursing facilities or of the skill of the personnel involved in such programs, an amount equal to 50 percent (or, for calendar
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1396b
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