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33 U.S.C. § 3601 — Purposes
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purposes of this chapter are—
(1) to establish and sustain a national integrated System of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes observing systems, comprised of Federal and non-Federal components coordinated at the national level by the Council and at the regional level by a network of regional coastal observing systems, and that includes in situ, remote, and other coastal and ocean observation and modeling capabilities, technologies, data management systems, communication systems, and product development systems, and is designed to address regional and national needs for ocean and coastal information, to gather specific data on key ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes variables, and to ensure timely and sustained dissemination and availability of these data—
(A) to the public;
(B) to support national defense, search and rescue operations, marine commerce, navigation safety, weather, climate, and marine forecasting, energy siting and production, economic development, ecosystem-based marine, coastal, and Great Lakes resource management, public safety, and public outreach and education;
(C) to promote greater public awareness and stewardship of the Nation’s ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources and the general public welfare;
(D) to provide easy access to ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes data and promote data sharing between Federal and non-Federal sources and promote public data sharing;
(E) to enable advances in scientific understanding to support the sustainable use, conservation, management, and understanding of healthy ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources to ensure the Nation can respond to opportunities to enhance food, economic, and national security; and
(F) to monitor and model changes in the oceans and Great Lakes, including with respect to c
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Source location: Title 33, Chapter 49, § 3601; chapter-049-integrated-coastal-and-ocean-observation-system.md
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The purposes of this chapter are—
(1) to establish and sustain a national integrated System of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes observing systems, comprised of Federal and non-Federal components coordinated at the national level by the Council and at the regional level by a network of regional coastal observing systems, and that includes in situ, remote, and other coastal and ocean observation and modeling capabilities, technologies, data management systems, communication systems, and product development systems, and is designed to address regional and national needs for ocean and coastal information, to gather specific data on key ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes variables, and to ensure timely and sustained dissemination and availability of these data—
(A) to the public;
(B) to support national defense, search and rescue operations, marine commerce, navigation safety, weather, climate, and marine forecasting, energy siting and production, economic development, ecosystem-based marine, coastal, and Great Lakes resource management, public safety, and public outreach and education;
(C) to promote greater public awareness and stewardship of the Nation’s ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources and the general public welfare;
(D) to provide easy access to ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes data and promote data sharing between Federal and non-Federal sources and promote public data sharing;
(E) to enable advances in scientific understanding to support the sustainable use, conservation, management, and understanding of healthy ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources to ensure the Nation can respond to opportunities to enhance food, economic, and national security; and
(F) to monitor and model changes in the oceans and Great Lakes, including with respect to chemistry, harmful algal blooms, hypoxia, water levels, and other phenomena;
(2) to improve the Nation’s capability to measure, track, observe, understand, and predict events related directly and indirectly to weather and climate, natural climate variability, and interactions between the oceanic and atmospheric environments, including the Great Lakes;
(3) to sustain, upgrade, and modernize the Nation’s ocean and Great Lakes observing infrastructure to detect changes and ensure delivery of reliable and timely information; and
(4) to authorize activities—
(A) to promote basic and applied research to develop, test, and deploy innovations and improvements in coastal and ocean observation technologies, including advanced observing technologies such as unmanned maritime systems needed to address critical data gaps, modeling systems, other scientific and technological capabilities to improve the understanding of weather and climate, ocean-atmosphere dynamics, global climate change, and the physical, chemical, and biological dynamics of the ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes environments; and
(B) to conserve healthy and restore degraded coastal ecosystems.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) National Water Center**
(1) **Establishment**
(A) *In general* — The Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere shall establish a center—
(i) to serve as the research and operational center of excellence for hydrologic analyses, forecasting, and related decision support services within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Weather Service; and
(ii) to facilitate collaboration across Federal and State departments and agencies, academia, and the private sector on matters relating to water resources.
(B) *Designation* — The center established under subparagraph (A) shall be known as the “National Water Center”.
(2) **Functions** — The functions of the National Water Center shall include the following:
(A) Improving understanding of water resources, stakeholder needs regarding water resources, and identifying science and services gaps relating to water resources.
(B) Developing and implementing advanced water resources modeling capabilities.
(C) Facilitating the transition of hydrologic research into operations.
(D) Delivering analyses, forecasts, and inundation information and guidance for all hydrologic events in the United States, including flash flooding, riverine flooding, and water resources outlooks.
(E) In coordination with warning coordination meteorologists, providing decision-support services to inform emergency management and water resources decisions.
**(b) National instructions**
(1) **In general** — Not later than one year after December 31, 2020, the Under Secretary, acting through the Director of the National Weather Service, shall make public an operations and services policy directive for the National Water Center.
(2) **Contents** — The directive required by paragraph (1)
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 10371
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Administrator is authorized to encourage and otherwise assist any insurance companies and other insurers which meet the requirements prescribed under subsection (b) to form, associate, or otherwise join together in a pool—
(1) in order to provide the flood insurance coverage authorized under subchapter I; and
(2) for the purpose of assuming, including as reinsurance of coverage provided by the flood insurance program, on such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon, such financial responsibility as will enable such companies and other insurers, with the Federal financial and other assistance available under this chapter, to assume a reasonable proportion of responsibility for the adjustment and payment of claims for losses under the flood insurance program.
**(b)** In order to promote the effective administration of the flood insurance program under this part, and to assure that the objectives of this chapter are furthered, the Administrator is authorized to prescribe appropriate requirements for insurance companies and other insurers participating in such pool including, but not limited to, minimum requirements for capital or surplus or assets.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 4057
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 111–11, title XII, § 12309, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1436, related to independent cost estimates to be sent to Congress within 1 year after Mar. 30, 2009.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 33 U.S.C. § 3608
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Not later than 2 years after March 30, 2009, and not later than every 5 years following the publication of each subsequent strategic research plan until 2035, the Subcommittee shall develop a strategic plan for Federal research and monitoring on ocean acidification and coastal acidification that will provide for an assessment of the impacts of ocean acidification and coastal acidification on marine organisms and ecosystems and the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies to address the socioeconomic impacts of ocean acidification and coastal acidification and to conserve marine organisms and ecosystems. In developing the plan, the Subcommittee shall consider and use information, reports, and studies of ocean acidification and coastal acidification that have identified research and monitoring needed to better understand ocean acidification and coastal acidification and its potential impacts, and recommendations made by the Advisory Board established in [section 3703(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title33-section3703/c&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Contents of the plan** The plan shall—
(1) provide for interdisciplinary research among the ocean sciences and social sciences, and coordinated research and activities to improve the understanding of ocean chemistry that will affect marine ecosystems;
(2) establish, for the 10-year period beginning in the year the plan is submitted, the goals and priorities for Federal research and monitoring which will—
(A) advance understanding of ocean acidification and its physical, chemical, and biological impacts on marine organisms and marine ecosystems;
(B) assess the short-term and long-term socioeconomic impacts of ocean acidification;
(C) provide
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 33 U.S.C. § 3704
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall establish a program for the provision of an enabling platform that integrates geospatial data, decision-support tools, training, and best practices to address coastal management issues and needs. Under the program, the Secretary shall strive to enhance resilient communities, ecosystem values, and coastal economic growth and development by helping communities address their issues, needs, and challenges through cost-effective and participatory solutions.
(2) **Designation** — The program established under paragraph (1) shall be known as the “Digital Coast” (in this section referred to as the “program”).
**(b) Program requirements** In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall ensure that the program provides data integration, tool development, training, documentation, dissemination, and archive by—
(1) making data and resulting integrated products developed under this section readily accessible via the Digital Coast internet website of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the GeoPlatform.gov and data.gov internet websites, and such other information distribution technologies as the Secretary considers appropriate;
(2) developing decision-support tools that use and display resulting integrated data and provide training on use of such tools;
(3) documenting such data to Federal Geographic Data Committee standards; and
(4) archiving all raw data acquired under this Act at the appropriate National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data center or such other Federal data center as the Secretary considers appropriate.
**(c) Coordination** The Secretary shall coordinate the activities carried out under the program to optimize data collection, sharing, and integration, and to minimize d
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 1467
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment** The President, acting through the Council, shall establish a National Integrated Coastal and Ocean Observation System to fulfill the purposes set forth in [section 3601 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title33-section3601&num=0&edition=prelim) and the System Plan and to fulfill the Nation’s international obligations to contribute to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems and the Global Ocean Observing System.
**(b) System elements**
(1) **In general** — In order to fulfill the purposes of this chapter, the System shall be national in scope and consist of—
(A) Federal assets to fulfill national and international observation missions and priorities;
(B) non-Federal assets, including a network of regional coastal observing systems identified under subsection (c)(4), to fulfill regional and national observation missions and priorities;
(C) observing, modeling, data management, and communication systems for the timely integration and dissemination of data and information products from the System, including reviews of data collection procedures across regions and programs to make recommendations for data collection standards across the System to meet national ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes observation, applied research, and weather forecasting needs;
(D) a product development system to transform observations into products in a format that may be readily used and understood; and
(E) a research and development program conducted under the guidance of the Council, consisting of—
(i) basic and applied research and technology development—
(I) to improve understanding of coastal and ocean systems and their relationships to human activities; and
(II) to ensure improvement of
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 33 U.S.C. § 3603
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment** Not later than 1 year after June 30, 2014, the Under Secretary, acting through the Task Force, shall maintain and enhance a national harmful algal bloom and hypoxia program, including—
(1) a statement of objectives, including understanding, detecting, predicting, controlling, mitigating, and responding to marine and freshwater harmful algal bloom and hypoxia events; and
(2) the comprehensive research plan and action strategy under [section 4003 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title33-section4003&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Periodic revision** The Task Force shall periodically review and revise the Program, as necessary.
**(c) Task Force functions** The Task Force shall—
(1) coordinate interagency review of the objectives and activities of the Program;
(2) expedite the interagency review process by ensuring timely review and dispersal of required reports and assessments under this chapter;
(3) support the implementation of the Action Strategy, including the coordination and integration of the research of all Federal programs, including ocean and Great Lakes science and management programs and centers, that address the chemical, biological, and physical components of marine and freshwater harmful algal blooms and hypoxia;
(4) support the development of institutional mechanisms and financial instruments to further the objectives and activities of the Program;
(5) review the Program’s distribution of Federal funding to address the objectives and activities of the Program;
(6) promote the development of new technologies for predicting, monitoring, and mitigating harmful algal bloom and hypoxia conditions; and
(7) establish such interagency working groups as it considers necessary.
**(d) Lead Feder
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 33 U.S.C. § 4002
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 982
TITLE 33—NAVIGATION AND NAVIGABLE WATERS
§ 3601
2 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘images,’’.
cal, geological, chemical, and archaeological
characteristics and boundaries of ocean and
coastal areas, resources, and sea beds through
the use of acoustics, satellites, aerial photo-
grammetry, light and imaging, direct sam-
pling, and other mapping technologies.
(6) Territorial sea
The term ‘‘territorial sea’’ means the belt of
sea measured from the baseline of the United
States determined in accordance with inter-
national law, as set forth in Presidential Proc-
lamation Number 5928, dated December 27,
1988.
(7) Nongovernmental entities
The term ‘‘nongovernmental entities’’ in-
cludes nongovernmental organizations, mem-
bers of the academic community, and private
sector organizations that provide products and
services associated with measuring, locating,
and preparing maps, charts, surveys, aerial
photographs, satellite imagines,2
or other
graphical or digital presentations depicting
natural or manmade physical features, phe-
nomena, and legal boundaries of the Earth.
(8) Outer Continental Shelf
The term ‘‘Outer Continental Shelf’’ means
all submerged lands lying seaward and outside
of lands beneath navigable waters (as that
term is defined in section 1301 of title 43), and
of which the subsoil and seabed appertain to
the United States and are subject to its juris-
diction and control.
(9) Coastal Indian Tribe
The term ‘‘coastal Indian Tribe’’ means an
‘‘Indian Tribe’’, as defined in section 5304 of
title 25, the land of which is located in a coast-
al State.
(Pub. L. 111–11, title XII, § 12210, formerly § 12208,
Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1426; renumbered § 12210
and amended Pub. L. 117–263, div. J, title CIII,
§ 10307(b)(1)(C), (
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 33 U.S.C. § 3601
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