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19 U.S.C. § 1583 — Examination of outbound mail
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Examination**
(1) **In general** — For purposes of ensuring compliance with the Customs laws of the United States and other laws enforced by the Customs Service, including the provisions of law described in paragraph (2), a Customs officer may, subject to the provisions of this section, stop and search at the border, without a search warrant, mail of domestic origin transmitted for export by the United States Postal Service and foreign mail transiting the United States that is being imported or exported by the United States Postal Service.
(2) **Provisions of law described** — The provisions of law described in this paragraph are the following:
(A) [Section 5316 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section5316&num=0&edition=prelim) (relating to reports on exporting and importing monetary instruments).
(B) Sections 1461, 1463, 1465, and 1466, and chapter 110 of title 18 (relating to obscenity and child pornography).
(C) [Section 953 of title 21](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section953&num=0&edition=prelim) (relating to exportation of controlled substances).
(D) The Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.).11 See References in Text note below.
(E) [Section 2778 of title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2778&num=0&edition=prelim).
(F) The International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
**(b) Search of mail not sealed against inspection and other mail** Mail not sealed against inspection under the postal laws and regulations of the United States, mail which bears a Custo
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_ed9e6840f7c04af6feb85e4b
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-19/section-1583-examination-of-outbound-mail--e0edcf543e.md
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Source location: Title 19, Chapter 4, § 1583; chapter-004-tariff-act-of-1930.md
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**(a) Examination**
(1) **In general** — For purposes of ensuring compliance with the Customs laws of the United States and other laws enforced by the Customs Service, including the provisions of law described in paragraph (2), a Customs officer may, subject to the provisions of this section, stop and search at the border, without a search warrant, mail of domestic origin transmitted for export by the United States Postal Service and foreign mail transiting the United States that is being imported or exported by the United States Postal Service.
(2) **Provisions of law described** — The provisions of law described in this paragraph are the following:
(A) [Section 5316 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section5316&num=0&edition=prelim) (relating to reports on exporting and importing monetary instruments).
(B) Sections 1461, 1463, 1465, and 1466, and chapter 110 of title 18 (relating to obscenity and child pornography).
(C) [Section 953 of title 21](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section953&num=0&edition=prelim) (relating to exportation of controlled substances).
(D) The Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.).11 See References in Text note below.
(E) [Section 2778 of title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2778&num=0&edition=prelim).
(F) The International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
**(b) Search of mail not sealed against inspection and other mail** Mail not sealed against inspection under the postal laws and regulations of the United States, mail which bears a Customs declaration, and mail with respect to which the sender or addressee has consented in writing to search, may be searched by a Customs officer.
**(c) Search of mail sealed against inspection weighing in excess of 16 ounces**
(1) **In general** — Mail weighing in excess of 16 ounces sealed against inspection under the postal laws and regulations of the United States may be searched by a Customs officer, subject to paragraph (2), if there is reasonable cause to suspect that such mail contains one or more of the following:
(A) Monetary instruments, as defined in [section 1956 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1956&num=0&edition=prelim).
(B) A weapon of mass destruction, as defined in section 2332a(b) 1 of title 18.
(C) A drug or other substance listed in schedule I, II, III, or IV in [section 812 of title 21](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section812&num=0&edition=prelim).
(D) National defense and related information transmitted in violation of any of sections 793 through 798 of title 18.
(E) Merchandise mailed in violation of section 1715 or 1716 of title 18.
(F) Merchandise mailed in violation of any provision of chapter 71 (relating to obscenity) or chapter 110 (relating to sexual exploitation and other abuse of children) of title 18.
(G) Merchandise mailed in violation of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.).1
(H) Merchandise mailed in violation of [section 2778 of title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2778&num=0&edition=prelim).
(I) Merchandise mailed in violation of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
(J) Merchandise mailed in violation of the Trading with the Enemy Act (50 U.S.C. App. 1 et seq.).1
(K) Merchandise subject to any other law enforced by the Customs Service.
(2) **Limitation** — No person acting under the authority of paragraph (1) shall read, or authorize any other person to read, any correspondence contained in mail sealed against inspection unless prior to so reading—
(A) a search warrant has been issued pursuant to rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure; or
(B) the sender or addressee has given written authorization for such reading.
**(d) Search of mail sealed against inspection weighing 16 ounces or less** Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to mail weighing 16 ounces or less sealed against inspection under the postal laws and regulations of the United States.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) Whoever, knowing that the property involved in a financial transaction represents the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity, conducts or attempts to conduct such a financial transaction which in fact involves the proceeds of specified unlawful activity—
(A)
(i) with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity; or
(ii) with intent to engage in conduct constituting a violation of section 7201 or 7206 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or
(B) knowing that the transaction is designed in whole or in part—
(i) to conceal or disguise the nature, the location, the source, the ownership, or the control of the proceeds of specified unlawful activity; or
(ii) to avoid a transaction reporting requirement under State or Federal law,
shall be sentenced to a fine of not more than $500,000 or twice the value of the property involved in the transaction, whichever is greater, or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both. For purposes of this paragraph, a financial transaction shall be considered to be one involving the proceeds of specified unlawful activity if it is part of a set of parallel or dependent transactions, any one of which involves the proceeds of specified unlawful activity, and all of which are part of a single plan or arrangement.
(2) Whoever transports, transmits, or transfers, or attempts to transport, transmit, or transfer a monetary instrument or funds from a place in the United States to or through a place outside the United States or to a place in the United States from or through a place outside the United States—
(A) with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity; or
(B) knowing that the monetary instrument or funds involved in the transportation,
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 1956
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Any authority granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat.
**(b)** The authorities granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) **Sense of Congress** — It is the sense of Congress that the Federal air marshal program is critical to aviation security.
(2) **Limitation on statutory construction** — Nothing in this chapter, including any amendment made by this chapter, shall be construed as preventing the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security from implementing and training Federal air marshals.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Presidential control of exports and imports of defense articles and services, guidance of policy, etc.; designation of United States Munitions List; issuance of export licenses; negotiations information**
(1) In furtherance of world peace and the security and foreign policy of the United States, the President is authorized to control the import and the export of defense articles and defense services and to provide foreign policy guidance to persons of the United States involved in the export and import of such articles and services. The President is authorized to designate those items which shall be considered as defense articles and defense services for the purposes of this section and to promulgate regulations for the import and export of such articles and services. The items so designated shall constitute the United States Munitions List.
(2) Decisions on issuing export licenses under this section shall take into account whether the export of an article would contribute to an arms race, aid in the development of weapons of mass destruction, support international terrorism, increase the possibility of outbreak or escalation of conflict, or prejudice the development of bilateral or multilateral arms control or nonproliferation agreements or other arrangements.
(3) In exercising the authorities conferred by this section, the President may require that any defense article or defense service be sold under this chapter as a condition of its eligibility for export, and may require that persons engaged in the negotiation for the export of defense articles and services keep the President fully and currently informed of the progress and future prospects of such negotiations.
**(b) Registration and licensing requirements for manufacturers, exporters, or importers of d
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2778
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Determination by the President** The President, subject to subsection (c), shall apply sanctions under subsection (b) for a period of not less than 2 years and not more than 5 years, if the President determines that—
(1) a foreign person has violated any regulation issued by a country to control exports for national security purposes pursuant to the agreement of the group known as the Coordinating Committee, and
(2) such violation has resulted in substantial enhancement of Soviet and East bloc capabilities in submarine or antisubmarine warfare, ballistic or antiballistic missile technology, strategic aircraft, command, control, communications and intelligence, or other critical technologies as determined by the President, on the advice of the National Security Council, to represent a serious adverse impact on the strategic balance of forces.
The President shall notify the Congress of each action taken under this section. This section, except subsections (h) and (j), applies only to violations that occur after August 23, 1988.
**(b) Sanctions** The sanctions referred to in subsection (a) shall apply to the foreign person committing the violation, as well as to any parent, affiliate, subsidiary, and successor entity of the foreign person, and, except as provided in subsection (c), are as follows:
(1) a prohibition on contracting with, and procurement of products and services from, a sanctioned person, by any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government, and
(2) a prohibition on importation into the United States of all products produced by a sanctioned person.
**(c) Exceptions** The President shall not apply sanctions under this section—
(1) in the case of procurement of defense articles or defense services—
(A) under existing con
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 4611
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a person or an agent or bailee of the person shall file a report under subsection (b) of this section when the person, agent, or bailee knowingly—
(1) transports, is about to transport, or has transported, monetary instruments of more than $10,000 at one time—
(A) from a place in the United States to or through a place outside the United States; or
(B) to a place in the United States from or through a place outside the United States; or
(2) receives monetary instruments of more than $10,000 at one time transported into the United States from or through a place outside the United States.
**(b)** A report under this section shall be filed at the time and place the Secretary of the Treasury prescribes. The report shall contain the following information to the extent the Secretary prescribes:
(1) the legal capacity in which the person filing the report is acting.
(2) the origin, destination, and route of the monetary instruments.
(3) when the monetary instruments are not legally and beneficially owned by the person transporting the instruments, or if the person transporting the instruments personally is not going to use them, the identity of the person that gave the instruments to the person transporting them, the identity of the person who is to receive them, or both.
(4) the amount and kind of monetary instruments transported.
(5) additional information.
**(c)** This section or a regulation under this section does not apply to a common carrier of passengers when a passenger possesses a monetary instrument, or to a common carrier of goods if the shipper does not declare the instrument.
**(d) Cumulation of Closely Related Events.—** The Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe regulations under thi
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 31 U.S.C. § 5316
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment** There are established five schedules of controlled substances, to be known as schedules I, II, III, IV, and V. Such schedules shall initially consist of the substances listed in this section. The schedules established by this section shall be updated and republished on a semiannual basis during the two-year period beginning one year after October 27, 1970, and shall be updated and republished on an annual basis thereafter.11 See Amendment of Schedules of Controlled Substances note below.
**(b) Placement on schedules; findings required** Except where control is required by United States obligations under an international treaty, convention, or protocol, in effect on October 27, 1970, and except in the case of an immediate precursor, a drug or other substance may not be placed in any schedule unless the findings required for such schedule are made with respect to such drug or other substance. The findings required for each of the schedules are as follows:
(1) **Schedule I.—**
(A) The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse.
(B) The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.
(C) There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.
(2) **Schedule II.—**
(A) The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse.
(B) The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions.
(C) Abuse of the drug or other substances may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.
(3) **Schedule III.—**
(A) The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in schedules I and
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 812
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Narcotic drugs in schedule I, II, III, or IV** It shall be unlawful to export from the United States any narcotic drug in schedule I, II, III, or IV unless—
(1) it is exported to a country which is a party to—
(A) the International Opium Convention of 1912 for the Suppression of the Abuses of Opium, Morphine, Cocaine, and Derivative Drugs, or to the International Opium Convention signed at Geneva on February 19, 1925; or
(B) the Convention for Limiting the Manufacture and Regulating the Distribution of Narcotic Drugs concluded at Geneva, July 13, 1931, as amended by the protocol signed at Lake Success on December 11, 1946, and the protocol bringing under international control drugs outside the scope of the convention of July 13, 1931, for limiting the manufacture and regulating the distribution of narcotic drugs (as amended by the protocol signed at Lake Success on December 11, 1946), signed at Paris, November 19, 1948; or
(C) the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, signed at New York, March 30, 1961;
(2) such country has instituted and maintains, in conformity with the conventions to which it is a party, a system for the control of imports of narcotic drugs which the Attorney General deems adequate;
(3) the narcotic drug is consigned to a holder of such permits or licenses as may be required under the laws of the country of import, and a permit or license to import such drug has been issued by the country of import;
(4) substantial evidence is furnished to the Attorney General by the exporter that (A) the narcotic drug is to be applied exclusively to medical or scientific uses within the country of import, and (B) there is an actual need for the narcotic drug for medical or scientific uses within such country; and
(5) a permit to export the n
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 21 U.S.C. § 953
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary, acting through the Under Secretary for Science and Technology, shall designate the laboratory described in subsection (b) as an additional laboratory pursuant to the authority under [section 188(c)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title6-section188/c/2&num=0&edition=prelim). Such laboratory shall be used to test and evaluate emerging technologies and conduct research and development to assist emergency response providers in preparing for, and protecting against, threats of terrorism.
**(b) Laboratory described** The laboratory described in this subsection is the laboratory—
(1) known, as of December 27, 2021, as the National Urban Security Technology Laboratory; and
(2) transferred to the Department pursuant to [section 183(1)(E) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title6-section183/1/E&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Laboratory activities** The National Urban Security Technology Laboratory shall—
(1) conduct tests, evaluations, and assessments of current and emerging technologies, including, as appropriate, the cybersecurity of such technologies that can connect to the internet, for emergency response providers;
(2) act as a technical advisor to emergency response providers; and
(3) carry out other such activities as the Secretary determines appropriate.
**(d) Rule of construction** Nothing in this section may be construed as affecting in any manner the authorities or responsibilities of the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office of the Department.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 6 U.S.C. § 211
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Sections, act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 356, title IV, §§ 582–591, 42 Stat. 979–981, related to examination of persons and baggage, production and certification of manifests, and enforcement provisions.
Provisions of Tariff Act of 1930 corresponding to section 484, see [section 1582 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1582&num=0&edition=prelim): section 485, see [section 1583 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1583&num=0&edition=prelim); section 486, see [section 1584 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1584&num=0&edition=prelim); section 487, see [section 1585 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1585&num=0&edition=prelim); section 488, see [section 1586 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1586&num=0&edition=prelim); section 489, see [section 1586(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1586/d&num=0&edition=prelim); section 490, see [section 1588 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1588&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 484 to 493
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