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42 U.S.C. § 2167 — Safeguards information
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Confidentiality of certain types of information; issuance of regulations and orders; considerations for exercise of Commission’s authority; disclosure of routes and quantities of shipment; civil penalties; withholding of information from Congressional committees** In addition to any other authority or requirement regarding protection from disclosure of information, and subject to subsection (b)(3) of [section 552 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section552&num=0&edition=prelim), the Commission shall prescribe such regulations, after notice and opportunity for public comment, or issue such orders, as necessary to prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of safeguards information which specifically identifies a licensee’s or applicant’s detailed—
(1) control and accounting procedures or security measures (including security plans, procedures, and equipment) for the physical protection of special nuclear material, by whomever possessed, whether in transit or at fixed sites, in quantities determined by the Commission to be significant to the public health and safety or the common defense and security;
(2) security measures (including security plans, procedures, and equipment) for the physical protection of source material or byproduct material, by whomever possessed, whether in transit or at fixed sites, in quantities determined by the Commission to be significant to the public health and safety or the common defense and security; or
(3) security measures (including security plans, procedures, and equipment) for the physical protection of and the location of certain plant equipment vital to the safety of production or utilization facilities involving nuclear materials covered by paragraphs (1) and (2) 11 So in original. Pr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2167
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_ec1018114d71d396fd1c0a37
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-2167-safeguards-information--b7d200c8a7.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 23, § 2167; chapter-023-development-and-control-of-atomic-energy.md
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**(a) Confidentiality of certain types of information; issuance of regulations and orders; considerations for exercise of Commission’s authority; disclosure of routes and quantities of shipment; civil penalties; withholding of information from Congressional committees** In addition to any other authority or requirement regarding protection from disclosure of information, and subject to subsection (b)(3) of [section 552 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section552&num=0&edition=prelim), the Commission shall prescribe such regulations, after notice and opportunity for public comment, or issue such orders, as necessary to prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of safeguards information which specifically identifies a licensee’s or applicant’s detailed—
(1) control and accounting procedures or security measures (including security plans, procedures, and equipment) for the physical protection of special nuclear material, by whomever possessed, whether in transit or at fixed sites, in quantities determined by the Commission to be significant to the public health and safety or the common defense and security;
(2) security measures (including security plans, procedures, and equipment) for the physical protection of source material or byproduct material, by whomever possessed, whether in transit or at fixed sites, in quantities determined by the Commission to be significant to the public health and safety or the common defense and security; or
(3) security measures (including security plans, procedures, and equipment) for the physical protection of and the location of certain plant equipment vital to the safety of production or utilization facilities involving nuclear materials covered by paragraphs (1) and (2) 11 So in original. Probably should be followed by a semicolon.
if the unauthorized disclosure of such information could reasonably be expected to have a significant adverse effect on the health and safety of the public or the common defense and security by significantly increasing the likelihood of theft, diversion, or sabotage of such material or such facility. The Commission shall exercise the authority of this subsection—
(A) so as to apply the minimum restrictions needed to protect the health and safety of the public or the common defense and security, and
(B) upon a determination that the unauthorized disclosure of such information could reasonably be expected to have a significant adverse effect on the health and safety of the public or the common defense and security by significantly increasing the likelihood of theft, diversion, or sabotage of such material or such facility.
Nothing in this chapter shall authorize the Commission to prohibit the public disclosure of information pertaining to the routes and quantities of shipments of source material, by-product material, high level nuclear waste, or irradiated nuclear reactor fuel. Any person, whether or not a licensee of the Commission, who violates any regulation adopted under this section shall be subject to the civil monetary penalties of [section 2282 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2282&num=0&edition=prelim). Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize the withholding of information from the duly authorized committees of the Congress.
**(b) Regulations or orders issued under this section and [section 2201(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2201/b&num=0&edition=prelim) for purposes of [section 2273 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2273&num=0&edition=prelim)** For the purposes of [section 2273 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2273&num=0&edition=prelim), any regulations or orders prescribed or issued by the Commission under this section shall also be deemed to be prescribed or issued under [section 2201(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2201/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Judicial review** Any determination by the Commission concerning the applicability of this section shall be subject to judicial review pursuant to subsection (a)(4)(B) of [section 552 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section552&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(d) Reports to Congress; contents** Upon prescribing or issuing any regulation or order under subsection (a) of this section, the Commission shall submit to Congress a report that:
(1) specifically identifies the type of information the Commission intends to protect from disclosure under the regulation or order;
(2) specifically states the Commission’s justification for determining that unauthorized disclosure of the information to be protected from disclosure under the regulation or order could reasonably be expected to have a significant adverse effect on the health and safety of the public or the common defense and security by significantly increasing the likelihood of theft, diversion, or sabotage of such material or such facility, as specified under subsection (a) of this section; and
(3) provides justification, including proposed alternative regulations or orders, that the regulation or order applies only the minimum restrictions needed to protect the health and safety of the public or the common defense and security.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) When requested by a committee of Congress having jurisdiction over receipts or appropriations, the President shall provide the committee with assistance and information.
(2) When requested by a committee of Congress, additional information related to the amount of an appropriation originally requested by an Office of Inspector General shall be submitted to the committee.
**(b)** When requested by a committee of Congress, by the Comptroller General, or by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the head of each executive agency shall—
(1) provide information on the location and kind of available fiscal, budget, and program information;
(2) to the extent practicable, prepare summary tables of that fiscal, budget, and program information and related information the committee, the Comptroller General, or the Director of the Congressional Budget Office considers necessary; and
(3) provide a program evaluation carried out or commissioned by an executive agency.
**(c)** In cooperation with the Director of the Congressional Budget Office, the Secretary, and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Comptroller General shall—
(1) establish and maintain a current directory of sources of, and information systems for, fiscal, budget, and program information and a brief description of the contents of each source and system;
(2) when requested, provide assistance to committees of Congress and members of Congress in obtaining information from the sources in the directory; and
(3) when requested, provide assistance to committees and, to the extent practicable, to members of Congress in evaluating the information obtained from the sources in the directory
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 31 U.S.C. § 1113
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Each agency shall make available to the public information as follows:
(1) Each agency shall separately state and currently publish in the Federal Register for the guidance of the public—
(A) descriptions of its central and field organization and the established places at which, the employees (and in the case of a uniformed service, the members) from whom, and the methods whereby, the public may obtain information, make submittals or requests, or obtain decisions;
(B) statements of the general course and method by which its functions are channeled and determined, including the nature and requirements of all formal and informal procedures available;
(C) rules of procedure, descriptions of forms available or the places at which forms may be obtained, and instructions as to the scope and contents of all papers, reports, or examinations;
(D) substantive rules of general applicability adopted as authorized by law, and statements of general policy or interpretations of general applicability formulated and adopted by the agency; and
(E) each amendment, revision, or repeal of the foregoing.
Except to the extent that a person has actual and timely notice of the terms thereof, a person may not in any manner be required to resort to, or be adversely affected by, a matter required to be published in the Federal Register and not so published. For the purpose of this paragraph, matter reasonably available to the class of persons affected thereby is deemed published in the Federal Register when incorporated by reference therein with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register.
(2) Each agency, in accordance with published rules, shall make available for public inspection in an electronic format—
(A) final opinions, including concurring and dissen
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 552
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Violations of licensing requirements** Any person who (1) violates any licensing or certification provision of section 2073, 2092, 2093, 2111, 2112, 2131, 2133, 2134, 2137, 2139, or 2297f of this title or any rule, regulation, or order issued thereunder, or any term, condition, or limitation of any license or certification issued thereunder, (2) violates any provision of [section 2077 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2077&num=0&edition=prelim), or (3) commits any violation for which a license may be revoked under [section 2236 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2236&num=0&edition=prelim), shall be subject to a civil penalty, to be imposed by the Commission, of not to exceed $100,000 for each such violation. If any violation is a continuing one, each day of such violation shall constitute a separate violation for the purpose of computing the applicable civil penalty. The Commission shall have the power to compromise, mitigate, or remit such penalties.
**(b) Notice** Whenever the Commission has reason to believe that a person has become subject to the imposition of a civil penalty under the provisions of this section, it shall notify such person in writing (1) setting forth the date, facts, and nature of each act or omission with which the person is charged, (2) specifically identifying the particular provision or provisions of the section, rule, regulation, order, or license involved in the violation, and (3) advising of each penalty which the Commission proposes to impose and its amount. Such written notice shall be sent by registered or certified mail by the Commission to the last known address of such person. The person so notified shall be granted
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2282
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Atomic energy is capable of application for peaceful as well as military purposes. It is therefore declared to be the policy of the United States that—
**(a)** the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed so as to make the maximum contribution to the general welfare, subject at all times to the paramount objective of making the maximum contribution to the common defense and security; and
**(b)** the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed so as to promote world peace, improve the general welfare, increase the standard of living, and strengthen free competition in private enterprise.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2011
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Generally** Whoever willfully violates, attempts to violate, or conspires to violate, any provision of this chapter for which no criminal penalty is specifically provided or of any regulation or order prescribed or issued under section 2095 or 2201(b), (i), or (o) of this title shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $5,000 or by imprisonment for not more than two years, or both, except that whoever commits such an offense with intent to injure the United States or with intent to secure an advantage to any foreign nation, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $20,000 or by imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both.
**(b) Construction or supply of components for utilization facilities; impairment of basic components; “basic component” defined; posting at construction sites of utilization facilities and on premises of component fabrication plants** Any individual director, officer, or employee of a firm constructing, or supplying the components of any utilization facility required to be licensed under section 2133 or 2134(b) of this title who by act or omission, in connection with such construction or supply, knowingly and willfully violates or causes to be violated, any section of this chapter, any rule, regulation, or order issued thereunder, or any license condition, which violation results, or if undetected could have resulted, in a significant impairment of a basic component of such a facility shall, upon conviction, be subject to a fine of not more than $25,000 for each day of violation, or to imprisonment not to exceed two years, or both. If the conviction is for a violation committed after a first conviction under this subsection, punishment shall be a fine of not more than $50,000 p
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2273
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general**
(1)
(A)
(i) The Commission shall require each individual or entity described in clause (ii) to fingerprint each individual described in subparagraph (B) before the individual described in subparagraph (B) is permitted access under subparagraph (B).
(ii) The individuals and entities referred to in clause (i) are individuals and entities that, on or before the date on which an individual is permitted access under subparagraph (B)—
(I) are licensed or certified to engage in an activity subject to regulation by the Commission;
(II) have filed an application for a license or certificate to engage in an activity subject to regulation by the Commission; or
(III) have notified the Commission in writing of an intent to file an application for licensing, certification, permitting, or approval of a product or activity subject to regulation by the Commission.
(B) The Commission shall require to be fingerprinted any individual who—
(i) is permitted unescorted access to—
(I) a utilization facility; or
(II) radioactive material or other property subject to regulation by the Commission that the Commission determines to be of such significance to the public health and safety or the common defense and security as to warrant fingerprinting and background checks; or
(ii) is permitted access to safeguards information under [section 2167 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2167&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) All fingerprints obtained by an individual or entity as required in paragraph (1) shall be submitted to the Attorney General of the United States through the Commission for identification and a criminal history records check.
(3) The costs of an identifica
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2169
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The provisions of subchapter II of chapter 5, and chapter 7, of title 5 shall apply to all agency action taken under this chapter, and the terms “agency” and “agency action” shall have the meaning specified in [section 551 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section551&num=0&edition=prelim): Provided, however, That in the case of agency proceedings or actions which involve Restricted Data, defense information, safeguards information protected from disclosure under the authority of [section 2167 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2167&num=0&edition=prelim) or information protected from dissemination under the authority of [section 2168 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2168&num=0&edition=prelim), the Commission shall provide by regulation for such parallel procedures as will effectively safeguard and prevent disclosure of Restricted Data, defense information, such safeguards information, or information protected from dissemination under the authority of [section 2168 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2168&num=0&edition=prelim) to unauthorized persons with minimum impairment of the procedural rights which would be available if Restricted Data, defense information, such safeguards information, or information protected from dissemination under the authority of [section 2168 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2168&num=0&edition=prelim) were not involved.
**(b) Efficient licensing reviews** The Commission shall provide for efficient and timely reviews and proceedings for the granting, suspen
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2231
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Issuance of standards** Within 2 years after October 24, 1992, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall establish by regulation such standards as are necessary to govern the gaseous diffusion uranium enrichment facilities of the Department in order to protect the public health and safety from radiological hazard and provide for the common defense and security. Regulations promulgated pursuant to this subsection shall, among other things, require that adequate safeguards (within the meaning of [section 2167 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2167&num=0&edition=prelim)) are in place.
**(b) Annual report**
(1) **In general** — Not later than the date on which a certificate of compliance is issued under subsection (c), the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, in consultation with the Department and the Environmental Protection Agency, shall report to the Congress on the status of health, safety, and environmental conditions at the gaseous diffusion uranium enrichment facilities of the Department.
(2) **Required determination** — Such report shall include a determination regarding whether the gaseous diffusion uranium enrichment facilities of the Department are in compliance with the standards established under subsection (a) and all applicable laws.
**(c) Certification process**
(1) **Establishment** — The Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall establish a certification process to ensure that the Corporation complies with standards established under subsection (a).
(2) **Periodic application for certificate of compliance** — The Corporation shall apply to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for a certificate of compliance under paragraph (1) periodically, as determined by the Commission, but not less than every 5 years
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2297f
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 5474
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 2166
1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a semicolon.
Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 87–206 redesignated former
subsec. (f) as (g) and amended provisions by sub-
stituting ‘‘, the reports of which will be utilized by the
Commission in making the determination, pursuant to
subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section, that permit-
ting a person access to restricted data will not endan-
ger the common defense and security’’ for ‘‘to be made
by the Civil Service Commission pursuant to sub-
sections (a) and (b) of this section.’’ Former subsec. (g)
redesignated (h).
1958—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 85–681 added subsec. (g).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
IMPLEMENTATION OF SUBSECTION (e)(2)
Pub. L. 106–65, div. C, title XXXI, § 3144(b), (c), Oct. 5,
1999, 113 Stat. 934, provided that:
‘‘(b) COMPLIANCE.—The Director of the Federal Bu-
reau of Investigation shall have 18 months from the
date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 1999] to meet
the responsibilities of the Bureau under subsection e.(2)
of section 145 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 [42
U.S.C. 2165(e)(2)], as added by subsection (a).
‘‘(c) REPORT.—(1) Not later than six months after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation shall submit to the
committees specified in paragraph (2) a report on the
implementation of the responsibilities of the Bureau
under subsection e.(2) of that section. That report shall
include the following:
‘‘(A) An assessment of the capability of the Bureau
to execute the additional clearance requirements, to
include additional post-initial investigations.
‘‘(B) An estimate of the additional resources re-
quired, to include funding, to support the expanded
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 2167
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.