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42 U.S.C. § 2273 — Violation of sections
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Generally** Whoever willfully violates, attempts to violate, or conspires to violate, any provision of this chapter for which no criminal penalty is specifically provided or of any regulation or order prescribed or issued under section 2095 or 2201(b), (i), or (o) of this title shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $5,000 or by imprisonment for not more than two years, or both, except that whoever commits such an offense with intent to injure the United States or with intent to secure an advantage to any foreign nation, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $20,000 or by imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both.
**(b) Construction or supply of components for utilization facilities; impairment of basic components; “basic component” defined; posting at construction sites of utilization facilities and on premises of component fabrication plants** Any individual director, officer, or employee of a firm constructing, or supplying the components of any utilization facility required to be licensed under section 2133 or 2134(b) of this title who by act or omission, in connection with such construction or supply, knowingly and willfully violates or causes to be violated, any section of this chapter, any rule, regulation, or order issued thereunder, or any license condition, which violation results, or if undetected could have resulted, in a significant impairment of a basic component of such a facility shall, upon conviction, be subject to a fine of not more than $25,000 for each day of violation, or to imprisonment not to exceed two years, or both. If the conviction is for a violation committed after a first conviction under this subsection, punishment shall be a fine of not more than $50,000 p
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-2273-violation-of-sections--6802b71053.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 23, § 2273; chapter-023-development-and-control-of-atomic-energy.md
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**(a) Generally** Whoever willfully violates, attempts to violate, or conspires to violate, any provision of this chapter for which no criminal penalty is specifically provided or of any regulation or order prescribed or issued under section 2095 or 2201(b), (i), or (o) of this title shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $5,000 or by imprisonment for not more than two years, or both, except that whoever commits such an offense with intent to injure the United States or with intent to secure an advantage to any foreign nation, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $20,000 or by imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both.
**(b) Construction or supply of components for utilization facilities; impairment of basic components; “basic component” defined; posting at construction sites of utilization facilities and on premises of component fabrication plants** Any individual director, officer, or employee of a firm constructing, or supplying the components of any utilization facility required to be licensed under section 2133 or 2134(b) of this title who by act or omission, in connection with such construction or supply, knowingly and willfully violates or causes to be violated, any section of this chapter, any rule, regulation, or order issued thereunder, or any license condition, which violation results, or if undetected could have resulted, in a significant impairment of a basic component of such a facility shall, upon conviction, be subject to a fine of not more than $25,000 for each day of violation, or to imprisonment not to exceed two years, or both. If the conviction is for a violation committed after a first conviction under this subsection, punishment shall be a fine of not more than $50,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment for not more than two years, or both. For the purposes of this subsection, the term “basic component” means a facility structure, system, component or part thereof necessary to assure—
(1) the integrity of the reactor coolant pressure boundary,
(2) the capability to shut-down the facility and maintain it in a safe shut-down condition, or
(3) the capability to prevent or mitigate the consequences of accidents which could result in an unplanned offsite release of quantities of fission products in excess of the limits established by the Commission.
The provisions of this subsection shall be prominently posted at each site where a utilization facility required to be licensed under section 2133 or 2134(b) of this title is under construction and on the premises of each plant where components for such a facility are fabricated.
**(c) Criminal penalties** Any individual director, officer or employee of a person indemnified under an agreement of indemnification under [section 2210(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2210/d&num=0&edition=prelim) (or of a subcontractor or supplier thereto) who, by act or omission, knowingly and willfully violates or causes to be violated any section of this chapter or any applicable nuclear safety-related rule, regulation or order issued thereunder by the Secretary of Energy (or expressly incorporated by reference by the Secretary for purposes of nuclear safety, except any rule, regulation, or order issued by the Secretary of Transportation), which violation results in or, if undetected, would have resulted in a nuclear incident as defined in [section 2014(q) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2014/q&num=0&edition=prelim) shall, upon conviction, notwithstanding [section 3571 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3571&num=0&edition=prelim), be subject to a fine of not more than $25,000, or to imprisonment not to exceed two years, or both. If the conviction is for a violation committed after the first conviction under this subsection, notwithstanding [section 3571 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3571&num=0&edition=prelim), punishment shall be a fine of not more than $50,000, or imprisonment for not more than five years, or both.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** A defendant who has been found guilty of an offense may be sentenced to pay a fine.
**(b) Fines for Individuals.—** Except as provided in subsection (e) of this section, an individual who has been found guilty of an offense may be fined not more than the greatest of—
(1) the amount specified in the law setting forth the offense;
(2) the applicable amount under subsection (d) of this section;
(3) for a felony, not more than $250,000;
(4) for a misdemeanor resulting in death, not more than $250,000;
(5) for a Class A misdemeanor that does not result in death, not more than $100,000;
(6) for a Class B or C misdemeanor that does not result in death, not more than $5,000; or
(7) for an infraction, not more than $5,000.
**(c) Fines for Organizations.—** Except as provided in subsection (e) of this section, an organization that has been found guilty of an offense may be fined not more than the greatest of—
(1) the amount specified in the law setting forth the offense;
(2) the applicable amount under subsection (d) of this section;
(3) for a felony, not more than $500,000;
(4) for a misdemeanor resulting in death, not more than $500,000;
(5) for a Class A misdemeanor that does not result in death, not more than $200,000;
(6) for a Class B or C misdemeanor that does not result in death, not more than $10,000; and
(7) for an infraction, not more than $10,000.
**(d) Alternative Fine Based on Gain or Loss.—** If any person derives pecuniary gain from the offense, or if the offense results in pecuniary loss to a person other than the defendant, the defendant may be fined not more than the greater of twice the gross gain or twice the gross loss, unless imposition of a fine under this subsection would unduly complicate or prolong the sentencing pr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 3571
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The intent of Congress in the definitions as given in this section should be construed from the words or phrases used in the definitions. As used in this chapter:
**(a)** The term “agency of the United States” means the executive branch of the United States, or any Government agency, or the legislative branch of the United States, or any agency, committee, commission, office, or other establishment in the legislative branch, or the judicial branch of the United States, or any office, agency, committee, commission, or other establishment in the judicial branch.
**(b)** The term “agreement for cooperation” means any agreement with another nation or regional defense organization authorized or permitted by sections 2074, 2077, 2094, 2112, 2121(c), 2133, 2134, or 2164 of this title, and made pursuant to [section 2153 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2153&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c)** The term “atomic energy” means all forms of energy released in the course of nuclear fission or nuclear transformation.
**(d)** The term “atomic weapon” means any device utilizing atomic energy, exclusive of the means for transporting or propelling the device (where such means is a separable and divisible part of the device), the principal purpose of which is for use as, or for development of, a weapon, a weapon prototype, or a weapon test device.
**(e)** The term “byproduct material” means—
(1) any radioactive material (except special nuclear material) yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material;
(2) the tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily for its source mater
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2014
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Atomic energy is capable of application for peaceful as well as military purposes. It is therefore declared to be the policy of the United States that—
**(a)** the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed so as to make the maximum contribution to the general welfare, subject at all times to the paramount objective of making the maximum contribution to the common defense and security; and
**(b)** the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed so as to promote world peace, improve the general welfare, increase the standard of living, and strengthen free competition in private enterprise.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2011
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Confidentiality of certain types of information; issuance of regulations and orders; considerations for exercise of Commission’s authority; disclosure of routes and quantities of shipment; civil penalties; withholding of information from Congressional committees** In addition to any other authority or requirement regarding protection from disclosure of information, and subject to subsection (b)(3) of [section 552 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section552&num=0&edition=prelim), the Commission shall prescribe such regulations, after notice and opportunity for public comment, or issue such orders, as necessary to prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of safeguards information which specifically identifies a licensee’s or applicant’s detailed—
(1) control and accounting procedures or security measures (including security plans, procedures, and equipment) for the physical protection of special nuclear material, by whomever possessed, whether in transit or at fixed sites, in quantities determined by the Commission to be significant to the public health and safety or the common defense and security;
(2) security measures (including security plans, procedures, and equipment) for the physical protection of source material or byproduct material, by whomever possessed, whether in transit or at fixed sites, in quantities determined by the Commission to be significant to the public health and safety or the common defense and security; or
(3) security measures (including security plans, procedures, and equipment) for the physical protection of and the location of certain plant equipment vital to the safety of production or utilization facilities involving nuclear materials covered by paragraphs (1) and (2) 11 So in original. Pr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2167
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Dissemination prohibited; rules and regulations; determinations of Secretary prerequisite to issuance of prohibiting regulations or orders; criteria**
(1) In addition to any other authority or requirement regarding protection from dissemination of information, and subject to [section 552(b)(3) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section552/b/3&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary of Energy (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Secretary”), with respect to atomic energy defense programs, shall prescribe such regulations, after notice and opportunity for public comment thereon, or issue such orders as may be necessary to prohibit the unauthorized dissemination of unclassified information pertaining to—
(A) the design of production facilities or utilization facilities;
(B) security measures (including security plans, procedures, and equipment) for the physical protection of (i) production or utilization facilities, (ii) nuclear material contained in such facilities, or (iii) nuclear material in transit; or
(C) the design, manufacture, or utilization of any atomic weapon or component if the design, manufacture, or utilization of such weapon or component was contained in any information declassified or removed from the Restricted Data category by the Secretary (or the head of the predecessor agency of the Department of Energy) pursuant to [section 2162 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2162&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) The Secretary may prescribe regulations or issue orders under paragraph (1) to prohibit the dissemination of any information described in such paragraph only if and to the extent that the Secretary determines that the unauthorized diss
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2168
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 5537
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 2273
1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘section’’.
That nothing in this subsection shall be con-
strued as applying to administrative action
taken by the Commission.
(Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, title I, § 221, as added Aug.
30, 1954, ch. 1073, § 1, 68 Stat. 958; amended Pub.
L. 91–161, § 5, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 445; Pub. L.
101–647, title XII, § 1211, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat.
4833; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 102–486, title IX,
§ 902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (c), was
in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning act Aug. 1, 1946, ch.
724, as added by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, § 1, 68 Stat.
919, known as the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, which is
classified principally to this chapter. For complete
classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title
note set out under section 2011 of this title and Tables.
AMENDMENTS
1990—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–647 struck out ‘‘That no
action shall be brought under section 2272, 2273, 2274,
2275, or 2276 of this title except by the express direction
of the Attorney General: And provided further,’’ after
‘‘Provided however,’’.
1969—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–161 provided that nothing
in this subsection should be construed to apply to ad-
ministrative action taken by the Commission.
§ 2272. Violation of specific sections
(a) Whoever willfully violates, attempts to
violate, or conspires to violate, any provision of
sections 1 2077 or 2131 of this title, or whoever
unlawfully interferes, attempts to interfere, or
conspires to interfere with any recapture or
entry under section 2138 of this title, shall, upon
conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not
more than $
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 2273
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